The Political Economy of the MENA (Sudan Case) Hussein Gibreel Musa

1. THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE MIDDLE
EAST AND NORTH AFRICA-MENA
( THE SUDAN CASE)
Hussein Gibreel Musa

2. Country
Population Area
Population
density/km2
Number
% of total
MENA km2 % of total
MENA
Algeria 41,657,488 7.21% 2,381,7
40
15.93% 17.49
Bahrain 1,442,659 0.25% 760 0.01% 1,898.24
Djibouti 884,017 0.15% 23,200 0.16% 38.10
Egypt 103,544,778 17.20% 1,001,4
50
6.70% 99.27
Palestine 1,836,713 0.32% 360 0.00% 5,101.98
Iran 83,024,745 14.37% 1,648,1
95
11.02% 50.37
Iraq 40,194,216 6.96% 438,317 2.93% 91.70
Israel 8,424,904 1.46% 20,770 0.14% 405.63
Jordan 10,458,413 1.81% 89,342 0.60% 117.06
Kuwait 4,277,304 0.73% 17,818 0.12% 240.06
Lebanon 6,100,075 1.06% 10,400 0.07% 586.55
Libya 6,754,507 1.17% 1,759,5
40
11.77% 3.84
Mauritania 3,840,429 0.66% 1,030,7
00
6.89% 3.73
Morocco 34,314,130 5.94% 446,550 2.99% 76.84
Oman 4,613,241 0.80% 309,550 2.07% 14.90
Qatar 2,363,569 0.41% 11,586 0.08% 204.00
Saudi Arabia 33,091,113 5.73% 2,149,6
90
14.38% 15.39
Sudan 43,120,843 7.46% 1,861,4
84
12.45% 23.16
Syria 19,454,263 3.37% 185,180 1.24% 105.06
Tunisia 11,516,189 1.99% 163,610 1.09% 70.39
Turkey 81,257,239 14.06% 783,562 5.24% 103.70
United Arab
Emirates
9,701,315 1.68% 83,600 0.56% 116.04
The Middle East and North Africa-MENA are
regions with rich history, traditions, and
geographical, linguistic, ethnic, and cultural
diversity.
The MENA region had a population of 112
million in 1950. The population is more than 577
million today.
Geopolitically and geo-economically, the
Middle East is a region of massive world
importance as it produces about one-third of the
world’s oil supplies and has 60 percent of the
world’s known petroleum reserves.

4. 8%
consum
e

5. USA
power
China
power
MENA
REGION

7. Internal
Factors
Economic
Political
External
Factors
USA
Israel
Iran Turkey
The Arab
Spring

8. 43 M

9. 1964
civilian
1956 -
1958
Military
1959
civilian
1958 -1964
Military
1966 -1969
civilian
1969 -1985
Military
1985-1986
Military
1986 -1989
civilian
1989-2019
President Omar al-Bashir
Sudanese regimes from 1956 -
2019

10. Figure 8 Sudan’s import flows (USD), 1994-2020
Sudan Economic
Overview
Sudan import (left) & export (right) partners in 201967

11. USA, RUSSIA, CHINA,
TURKEY
Ottoman
Empire

12. Sudanese protests (2018–
19)
deteriorating
economic
conditions
lack of a
Political
Participation
In addition to
external
factors,
The spread of
corruption
The war
continues in
the provinces
NCP Regime 1989-
2019