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15. • Of the various types of thematic maps, choropleth maps are the most common and easily
interpreted. With a choropleth map one uses a sequence of shades, colors or patterns to assign
values/classes using predefined areal units (politically-defined area or administrative units--census
areas or zip codes). Here we are using dot maps, as they provide an easily understood pattern of
relative AIDS density.
•
• In this series of county-based dot-density maps, the data used are estimated AIDS cases by county,
for the 50 US states, Washington D.C. and Puerto Rico, cumulative through 2008. The mapped
data excludes cases where the county of residence at AIDS diagnosis is unknown (but these cases
are accounted for in the title of each map where the cumulative number is provided). The dot size
and value remain constant through time; each dot represents 50 cases of AIDS by county. In other
words, if by 2005 a particular county hasn’t reported more than 49 cumulative cases of AIDS, then
that county would not have a dot associated with it -- it doesn’t mean that county doesn’t have any
cases of AIDS, only that it doesn’t have 50 or more. Additionally, if a county has between 50 and
99 cases of AIDS, it receives 1 dot. In several areas the dots begin to coalesce as time
passes. Assigning one dot to every 100 cases was considered, but left many areas of the
US erroneously under-represented. Finally, the dots are randomly placed inside the counties.
•
• Data source: HIV Incidence and Case Surveillance Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention. Data have been adjusted for reporting delays. Data are
presented for AIDS cases reported to CDC through June 2008. All data are provisional.

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