Python training slides for beginners that I lecture. Starts from python versions to popular 3 party libraries. Arguments, interactive modes, variable types, language keywords, functions, class etc. If you want to get training please look www.ismailbaydan.com for more details.

1. Scripting

Fast

Simple

Easy to implement

Javascript, Php, Lua, Ruby, Bash, Vbscript ...

2. Interpreting

Read script file and run the instructions

/usr/local/bin/python3.4

C:Python34

set path=%path%;C:python34

Control-D on Unix

Control-Z on Windows

python -c command [arg] ...

Python -h

3. Argument passing

import sys

sys.argv[0]

4. Interactive Mode

$ python3.4
Python 3.4 (default, Mar 16 2014, 09:25:04)
[GCC 4.8.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for
more information.
>>>

5. Interactive Mode

>>> the_world_is_flat = True
>>> if the_world_is_flat:
... print("Be careful not to fall off!")
...
Be careful not to fall off!

6. Encoding

UTF-8 in version 3

ASCII in version 2

# -*- coding: encoding -*-

# -*- coding: cp-1252 -*-

7. Variables
• Hold data
age=31
• Auto variable type
• Multiple assignment
a, b = 0, 1

8. Numbers

int

float

decimal

complex numbers

İnt division always returns a floating point
number

9. Strings

Single or double quote
>>> 'spam eggs' # single quotes
'spam eggs'
>>> 'doesn't' # use ' to escape the single
quote...
"doesn't"
>>> "doesn't" # ...or use double quotes instead
"doesn't"

10. Strings

escape character
>>> '"Yes," he said.'
'"Yes," he said.'
>>> ""Yes," he said."
'"Yes," he said.'
>>> '"Isn't," she said.'
'"Isn't," she said.'

Raw strings
>>> print('C:somename') # here n means

11. Strings

Automatic concatenate
>>> 'Py' 'thon'
'Python'

12. Strings

"""...""" or '''...'''
print("""
Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]
-h Display this usage message
-H hostname Hostname to connect to
""")

+ and *
>>> 3 * 'un' + 'ium'
'unununium'

13. Strings

Automatic concatenate
>>> 'Py' 'thon'
'Python'
>>> prefix + 'thon'
'Python'

Long strings
>>> text = ('Put several strings within
parentheses '
'to have them joined together.')

14. Strings

Index
>>> word = 'Python'
>>> word[0] # character in position 0
'P'
>>> word[5] # character in position 5
'n'
>>> word[-1] # last character
'n'
>>> word[-2] # second-last character

15. Strings
>>> word[0:2] # characters from position 0
(included) to 2 (excluded)
'Py'
>>> word[2:5] # characters from position 2
(included) to 5 (excluded)
'tho'
>>> word[42] # the word only has 6 characters
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>

16. Lists
• comma-separated values (items) between
square brackets
>>> squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
• indexing returns the item
>>> squares[0]
1
>>> squares[-1]
25

17. Lists - Slicing
• slicing returns a new list
>>> squares[-3:]
[9, 16, 25]
>>> squares[:]
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

18. Lists - Concatanetion
• Concatanetion
>>> squares + [36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
• Mutable
>>> cubes[3] = 64
>>> cubes
[1, 8, 27, 64, 125]

19. Lists - Append
• Append
>>> cubes.append(7 ** 3) # and the cube of 7
>>> cubes
[1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343]

20. Lists - Remove
• Remove
>>> # now remove them
>>> letters[2:5] = []
>>> letters
['a', 'b', 'f', 'g']

21. Lists - Replace
• Replace
>>> # replace some values
>>> letters[2:5] = ['C', 'D', 'E']
>>> letters
['a', 'b', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'f', 'g']

22. Lists - Empty
• Make empty
>>> letters[:] = []
>>> letters
[]
• Length
>>> len(letters)
4
• Nesting

23. Lists
• Nested Access
>>> x[0]
['a', 'b', 'c']
>>> x[0][1]
'b'

24. Control Flows
• Make decisions
• Change flow of app
• The real power of application

25. Identation

Code blocks

Same for whole file

Spaces

26. If

Selection specific condition
>>> if x < 0:
... x = 0
... print('Negative changed to zero')
... elif x == 0:
... print('Zero')
... elif x == 1:
... print('Single')
... else:

27. For

Looping through series
>>> for w in words:
... print(w, len(w))

28. For

Looping in list slices
>>> for w in words[:]:
... if len(w) > 6:
... words.insert(0, w)

29. Range

Generates arithmetic progressions
>>> for i in range(5):
... print(i)

30. Range
>>> range(-10, -100, -30)
[-10, -40, -70]

31. Range
>>> a = ['Mary', 'had', 'a', 'little', 'lamb']
>>> for i in range(len(a)):
... print(i, a[i])

32. Range

Strange !!!
>>> print(range(10))
range(0, 10)

33. Break,Continue

Break to finish current loop

Continue iterate next step

34. Break,Continue

Break to finish current loop

Continue iterate next step

35. Pass

Does nothing
>>> class MyEmptyClass:
... pass

36. Functions

Run code block saperately
>>> def selam(n):
... return “selam”

37. Functions

New symbol table

New variables

Local,Global,Build-in

38. Functions

Docstrings

Parameter call by value

Argument call by referance

Function definition for local table

39. Functions-Keyword arguments

Default values for arguments
def ask_ok(pro, retries=4, complaint='Yes'):

40. Lambda expression

Small single expression

Anonymous
>>> pairs.sort(key=lambda pair: pair[1])

41. Documentation

First line short and no name

First line big
>>> def my_function():
... """Do nothing, but document it.
...
... No, really, it doesn't do anything.
... """
... pass

42. Function annottation

Optional metadata

Stored __annotations__
>>> def f(ham: str, eggs: str = 'eggs') -> str:
... print("Annotations:", f.__annotations__)

43. Coding Style

Use 4-space indentation, and no tabs.

Wrap lines so that they don’t exceed 79
characters

Use blank lines to separate functions and
classes, and larger blocks of code inside
functions.

When possible, put comments on a line of their
own.

Use docstrings.

Use spaces around operators and after

44. List as Stacks

Using append and pop
>>> stack = [3, 4, 5]
>>> stack.append(6)
>>> stack.append(7)
>>> stack
[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
>>> stack.pop()
7

45. Lists as Queues

First in – First out
>>> from collections import deque
>>> queue = deque(["Eric", "John", "Michael"])
>>> queue.append("Terry")
>>> queue.popleft()

46. Nested Lists

>>> matrix = [
... [1, 2, 3, 4],
... [5, 6, 7, 8],
... [9, 10, 11, 12],
... ]

47. Del statement

Remove element with del from list
>>> a
[1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]
>>> del a[2:4]

48. Tuples and Sequences

Different data types

Seperated commas
>>> t = 12345, 54321, 'hello!'
>>> t[0]
12345

49. Sets

Unordered list

No duplicate
>>> basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear',
'orange', 'banana'}
>>> print(basket)

{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}

50. Dictionaries

Associative memory

Indexed by keys
>>> tel = {'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139}
>>> tel['guido'] = 4127
>>> tel

51. Dictionaries

Deleting
>>> del tel['sape']

Keys to list
>>> list(tel.keys())
['irv', 'guido', 'jack']

52. Dictionarries-Looping
>>> for k, v in knights.items():
... print(k, v)

Enumerate with index
>>> for i, v in enumerate(['tic', 'tac', 'toe']):
... print(i, v)

53. Looping -Reversed,Sorted

Reverse it please
>>> for i in reversed(range(1, 10, 2)):
... print(i)

Sorte
>>> basket = [ 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']
>>> for f in sorted(set(basket)):
... print(f)

54. Conditions – in is

Use in value occurence

Use is object

Use not for other

55. Modules

Code compatements

Use by others

Tidy code

__name__ for module name

Private symbol table

56. Modules

Use import to use

Use fibo.fib

Use from
>>> from fibo import fib, fib2

Import all
>>> from fibo import *

57. Module – Script

Use __main__ to use module as script
if __name__ == "__main__":
import sys
fib(int(sys.argv[1]))

58. Module – Path

Current script path

PYTHONPATH

Default installation path

59. Module – Compiled

Faster

__pycache__ dir

With module.version.pyc

Example
__pycache__/spam.cpython-33.pyc

60. Module – Standart

Python Library Referance

Sys library
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path.append('/ufs/guido/lib/python')

Module contents
>>> dir(sys)
['__displayhook__', '__doc__', '__excepthook__',
'__loader__', '__name__',
'__package__', '__stderr__', '__stdin__',

61. Module – Standart

Builtins
>>> dir(builtins)
['ArithmeticError'

62. Packages

Namespace

dotted module names

submodule named B in a package named A
A.B

__init__.py requires packages

63. Packages

Short load
import sound.effects.echo
from sound.effects import echo

Relative import
from . import echo

64. Input & Output

Human-readable form

Write values

Print function

Expression statements

Write function

Str.format()

65. Input & Output
Packages
>>> for x in range(1, 11):
... print('{0:2d} {1:3d} {2:4d}'.format(x, x*x,
x*x*x))

Fill left with zeros
>>> '12'.zfill(5)
'00012'

66. Input & Output
>>> print('We are the {} who say
"{}!"'.format('knights', 'Ni'))
We are the knights who say "Ni!"

67. Input & Output - File

Reading&writing file
>>> f = open('workfile', 'w')

W,r,R+,a

Modes

Text

Binary b

68. Input & Output – File

Readiing
>>> f.read()
'This is the entire file.n'

Read just line
>>> f.readline()

Read lines with loop
>>> for line in f:
... print(line, end='')

69. Input & Output – File

Closing
>>> f.close()

Json read write
json.dump(x, f)
x = json.load(f)

70. Errors & Exceptions

Syntax error

Exceptions

71. Errors & Exceptions -Syntax Error
>>> while True print('Hello world')
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
while True print('Hello world')
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

72. Errors & Exceptions - Exceptions
>>> 10 * (1/0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

73. Errors & Exceptions – Handling
Exceptions

Try and except code block
try:
f = open('myfile.txt')
s = f.readline()
i = int(s.strip())
except OSError as err:
print("OS error: {0}".format(err))
except ValueError:
print("Could not convert data to an integer.")

74. Errors & Exceptions

Raising
>>> raise NameError('HiThere')

75. Class

76. Standart Library
Packages

77. Virtual Environments
Packages

78. Popular Libraries
Packages

79. Popular Libraries - Numpy
Packages

80. Popular Libraries - IPython
Packages

81. Popular Libraries - Numpy
Packages

82. Popular Libraries - IPython
Packages