Power control in ac isolated microgrids with renewable energy sources and energy storage systems

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IEEE SOFTWARE | EMBEDDED | MECHANICAL | ROBOTICS PROJECTS DEVELOPMENT
POWER CONTROL IN AC ISOLATED MICROGRIDS WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES AND ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
By
A
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to the Department of electronics & communication Engineering in the
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree
Of
MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
APRIL 2016

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CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report titled “POWER CONTROL IN AC ISOLATED
MICROGRIDS WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND ENERGY STORAGE
SYSTEMS” is the bonafide work of Mr. _____________Who carried out the research under my
supervision Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge the work reported herein does not
form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was
conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.
Signature of the Guide Signature of the H.O.D
Name Name

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “POWER CONTROL IN AC ISOLATED
SYSTEMS” Submitted to BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF APPLIED ELECTRONICS is a record
of original work done by me the guidance of Prof.A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., to the
best of my knowledge, the work reported here is not a part of any other thesis or work on the
basis of which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion to me or any other
candidate.
(Student Name)
(Reg.No)
Place:
Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am extremely glad to present my project “POWER CONTROL IN AC ISOLATED
SYSTEMS” which is a part of my curriculum of third semester Master of Science in Computer
science. I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to those who helped me in
bringing out this project work.
I would like to express my Director, Dr. K. ANANDAN, M.A.(Eco.), M.Ed., M.Phil.,(Edn.),
PGDCA., CGT., M.A.(Psy.) of who had given me an opportunity to undertake this project.
I am highly indebted to Co-Ordinator Prof. Muniappan Department of Physics and thank from
my deep heart for her valuable comments I received through my project.
I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide
Prof. A.Vinayagam M.Sc., M.Phil., M.E., for her immense help and encouragement for
successful completion of this project.
I also express my sincere thanks to the all the staff members of Computer science for their kind
advice.
And last, but not the least, I express my deep gratitude to my parents and friends for their
encouragement and support throughout the project.

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ABSTRACT:
This paper presents a new strategy to control the generated power from energy sources
existing in autonomous and isolated microgrids. In this particular study, the power system
consists of a power electronic converter supplied by a battery bank, which is used to form the ac
grid (grid former converter), an energy source based on a wind turbine with its respective power
electronic converter (grid supplier converter), and the power consumers (loads). The main
objective of this proposed strategy is to control the state of charge of the battery bank limiting
the voltage on its terminals by controlling the power generated by the energy sources. This is
done without using dump loads or any physical communication among the power electronic
converters or the individual energy source controllers. The electrical frequency of the microgrid
is used to inform the power sources and their respective converters about the amount of power
that they need to generate in order to maintain the battery-bank charging voltage below or equal
its maximum allowable limit. Experimental results are presented to show the feasibility of the
proposed control strategy.

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INTRODUCTION:
The supply of electricity to these communities in several developing countries, in general,
is still done in a precarious way using diesel generator that operates for 3–4 h a day. This has
happened mostly due to the high cost associated with the expansion of the conventional power
grid to these communities.
In some cases, technical and environmental constraints also have been factors that have
prevented the full electrical service in these communities, particularly those located on oceanic
islands. Another application of isolated microgrids occurs when a microgrid is disconnected
from the main grid for any reason, in general to improve the local energy reliability.
Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources (RESs), the uninterrupted
availability of the generation system, and its stand-alone operation, it is required some kind of
energy storage system (ESS) in these applications. Although there are several different ESSs, in
practical applications, battery banks have been used mainly due to economic reasons.
In general, a backup energy source must be used during the lack of the primary
renewable energy sources, when the ESS is discharged or when the generation system is under
maintenance

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EXISTING SYSTEM:
A crucial issue related to these autonomous and distributed microgrids is to control the
power generated internally to maintain the system energy balance in order to keep the terminal
voltage of the battery bank limited to a safe value and consequently maintain its state of charge
(SOC) under control. One possible solution is to use centralized or distributed resistive dump
loads to burn the eventual excess of generated power, is presented. Another possibility is to use
physical communication (wiring) between the converters to inform their control systems about
the balance of energy in the microgrid and the amount of power that each of them must generate
to keep this energy balance under control.

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PROPOSED SYSTEM:
This paper proposes an alternative strategy to control the generated power within an
isolated ac microgrid with distributed RES. The proposal is to control the terminal voltage of the
existing battery banks below or equal its maximum allowable value. This is done by limiting the
amount of power that each energy source can generate at each instant. The microgrid frequency
is used to characterize the state of charge of the battery bank and quantify to the converters’
control systems how much power they need or can generate to maintain under control the
internal power balance of the microgrid. The control of the battery banks’ terminal voltage
implies indirectly the control of their SOC

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ADVANTAGES:
 Increase the viability and reliability

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BLOCK DIAGRAM:

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TOOLS AND SOFTWARE USED:
 MPLAB – microcontroller programming.
 ORCAD – circuit layout.
 MATLAB/Simulink – Simulation

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APPLICATIONS:
 Grid connected applications

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CONCLUSION:
This paper presented a strategy to control the generated power in order to keep the
charging voltage battery banks under control in stand-alone microgrids with distributed
renewable energy sources. This strategy does not need wired communication between the
distributed renewable sources nor dump loads to dissipate the surplus of generated power in the
microgrid. These technical advantages make the proposed strategy a promising tool to increase
the viability and reliability of the renewable power generation system installed in isolated and
remote communities. Although a wind turbine has been used to demonstrate the validity of the
proposed strategy, it is also valid regardless of the power source existing in the isolated
microgrid. The proposed strategy calculates the amount of power that must be generated at each
time by each source in order to keep the balance of energy into the microgrid. In other words, the
sum of the generated, consumed, and stored energy must always be zero all the time.

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REFERENCES:
[1] L. A. de S. Ribeiro, O. R. Saavedra, S. L. de Lima, and J. G. de Matos, “Isolated micro-grid
with renewable hybrid generation: The case of Lençóis island,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy,
vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–11, Jan. 2011.
[2] L. A. de S. Ribeiro, O. R. Saavedra, S. L. de Lima, and J. G. de Matos, “Making isolated
renewable energy systems more reliable,” Renew. Energy, vol. 45, pp. 221–231, Sep. 2012.
[3] J. G. de Matos, L. A. de S. Ribeiro, and E. C. Gomes, “Power control in ac autonomous and
isolated microgrids with renewable energy sources and energy storage systems,” in Proc. IEEE
IECON, 2013, pp. 1827–1832.
[4] N. Mendis, K. M. Muttaqi, S. Pereira, and M. N. Uddin, “A novel control strategy for stand-
alone operation of a wind dominated RAPS system,” in Proc. IEEE IAS Annu. Meeting, 2011,
pp. 1–8.
[5] J. Chen, J. Cheng, C. Gong, and X. Deng, “Energy management and power control for a
stand-alone wind energy conversion system,” in Proc. IEEE IECON, 2012, pp. 989–994

Power control in ac isolated microgrids with renewable energy sources and energy storage systems

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Power control in ac isolated microgrids with renewable energy sources and energy storage systems