Antoine Bouet, Sunday Odjo, Chahir Zaki POLICY SEMINAR 2022 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM) Leveraging Data to Improve Intra-Africa Food Trade Co-Organized by IFPRI and AKADEMIYA2063 SEP 27, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:15AM EDT

1. 2022 AFRICA AGRICULTURE
TRADE MONITOR (AATM)
Editors: Antoine Bouet, IFPRI
Sunday Odjo, AKADEMIYA2063
Chahir Zaki, Cairo University/AGRODEP
Presenter: Ousmane Badiane, AKADEMIYA2063
Highlights

2. 2022 AFRICA AGRICULTURE
TRADE MONITOR (AATM)
AATM is published jointly with IFPRI
It is supported financially by USAID and Germany’s BMZ
Team of co-editors by AKADEMIYA2063, IFPRI and AGRODEP
Production by AKADEMIYA2063 communications team
AATM is a flagship of AKADEMIYA2063’s ReSAKSS and AGRODEP programs

3. THE CURRENT GLOBAL FOOD MARKET CRISIS AND AFRICAN COUNTRIES
AFRICAN PARTICIPATION IN GOLBAL AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAINS
INTR AFRICAN TRADE IN AGRICULTURE
TRADE IN FEATURED VALUE CHAINS: COCOA, COFFEE AND TEA
AfCFTA AMBITIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION
2022 AATM – TABLE OF CONTENT

4. Africa export intermediate goods used in third-country agricultural exports, particularly the EU
• Share as high as 40 percent of gross exports.
Factors behind low participation in trade of more sophisticated agricultural products:
• Weak manufacturing base
• Abundant natural resources, such as land and mine
Africa’s contribution to global value chains is small, but it is growing at a significant pace
AFRICAN PARTICIPATION IN GOLBAL AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAINS
• It still imports relatively little intermediate goods to process into higher value products
Rising global prices before Ukraine: Climatic events; Export bans or taxes; Support for biofuels

5. Intra-African trade during COVID:
• declined significantly in ECCAS and AMU*
• increased significantly in the East African Community (EAC): Trade Facilitation
Over the last two decades:
• intra-African agricultural exports of processed products grew strongly
Share of intra-African trade in terms of calories, fats, and proteins higher than in value terms
High, escalating tariffs and non-tariff measures (NTMs) limiting intra-African trade

6. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)
Most tariffs on intra-African trade will be eliminated
Clause on sensitive / excluded products create loopholes / risk of delay
Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) are significant and need to be addressed
Impact from elimination of NTMs far outweighs impact from tariff elimination

7. REAL FOOD, FERTILIZERS AND ENERGY PRICES, 2006-2022
Chinese export restrictions
Russian invasion
2011 Food price crisis
2008 Food price crisis EU natural gas price at 5-year low
Energy Fertilizers Grains
Russian invasion just amplified other driving forces behind rising food and fertilizer prices

8. SHARE OF RUSSIA AND UKRAINE IN CEREALS IMPORTS
North African countries are the most exposed to cereals market disruptions

9. PARTICIPATION IN GLOBAL VCs AND AGGREGATE EXPORT CONTENT, 1990-2019
African imports 15% of intermediate goods to add value but exports 85% to others to add value

10. AFRICA GVC PARTICIPATION BY SECTOR, 2015-2017
Agriculture is the most forward-linked (input provider to GVs) of all sectors

11. INTRA-AFRICAN TRADE BY VALUE AND NUTRIENT CONTENT, 2003-2020
African trade more and increasingly in food products and exports non-food products
Intra-African trade by value Intra-African trade by nutrient content
Africa SADC COMESA ECOWAS
EAC AMU ECCA Fats (L-axis) Proteins (L-axis) Calorie (R-axis)
US$
Million
Million
metric
tons
Trillion
Kcal

12. INTRA-RECs AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS BY PROCESSING STAGE
Processed products account for more than 70% of intra-African trade
Unprocessed Semi-processed Processed

13. TARIFF BARRIERS TO INTRA-AFRICAN TRADE
Intra-African trade affected not just by tariff but by tariff escalation as well

14. NON-TARIFF MEASURES (NTMs) AND INTRA-AFRICAN TRADE
Average Tariff Equivalent of SPS faced in African markets similar to levels in non-African markets

15. Exports
Africa East Asia & Pacific Latin America & Caribbean
Border
compliance
Documentary
compliance
Border
compliance
Documentary
compliance
Processing Time
Imports Exports
Border
compliance
Documentary
compliance
Border
compliance
Documentary
compliance
Processing Cost
Imports
NON-TARIFF BARRIERS (NTBs) TO INTRA-AFRICAN TRADE
NTM related time and cost higher in Africa than other any other region
Hours
US
Dollars

16. 2022 AFRICA AGRICULTURE
TRADE MONITOR (AATM)
THANK YOU