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‫في‬ ‫والتسميد‬ ‫األسمدة‬ ‫مشاكل‬
‫مصر‬
‫إعداد‬
‫د‬/‫قاعود‬ ‫مصطفى‬ ‫السيد‬
‫أستاذ‬‫الزراعة‬ ‫بكلية‬–‫السويس‬ ‫قناة‬ ‫جامعة‬
‫تريد‬ ‫فري‬ ‫بشركة‬ ‫والفني‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫المكتب‬ ‫مدير‬‫إيجيبت‬
‫بمصر‬ ‫األمريكية‬ ‫المعونة‬ ‫مشروعات‬ ‫بأحد‬ ‫مستشار‬
‫المدربين‬ ‫العتماد‬ ‫الدولي‬ ‫المركز‬ ‫من‬ ‫معتمد‬ ‫مدرب‬NCLFD
‫من‬ ‫معتمد‬ ‫مدرب‬‫البورد‬‫المدربين‬ ‫لتدريب‬ ‫الدولي‬IBCT
‫مصر‬ ‫في‬ ‫التسميد‬ ‫على‬ ‫إطاللة‬:
‫التسميد‬‫في‬‫مصر‬‫قبل‬‫بناء‬‫السد‬‫العالي‬.
‫التسميد‬‫في‬‫مصر‬‫بعد‬‫بناء‬‫السد‬‫العالي‬‫في‬‫أراضي‬‫الوادي‬‫والدلتا‬.
‫التسميد‬‫في‬‫مصر‬‫في‬‫األراضي‬‫الجديدة‬‫والمستصلحة‬.
‫المصري‬ ‫بالسوق‬ ‫الموجودة‬ ‫األسمدة‬ ‫صور‬:-
‫سلفات‬‫النشادر‬.
‫نترات‬‫النشادر‬.
‫اليوريا‬.
‫األحادية‬ ‫األسمدة‬:-
‫النيتروجينية‬ ‫األسمدة‬:-
‫سلفات‬‫البوتاسيوم‬.
‫نترات‬‫البوتاسيوم‬.
‫األسمدة‬‫البوتاسية‬:-
‫الفوسفورية‬ ‫األسمدة‬:-
‫سوبر‬‫الفوسفات‬‫األحادي‬.
‫سوبر‬‫الفوسفات‬‫الثالثي‬.
‫عالي‬‫النيتروجين‬‫والفوسفور‬(MAP, DAP).
‫عالي‬‫الفوسفور‬‫والبوتاسيوم‬(PK).
‫المركبة‬ ‫األسمدة‬:-
‫المتوازنة‬ ‫األسمدة‬:-
‫العالية‬ ‫األسمدة‬:-
‫األحماض‬:-
‫النيتريك‬ ‫حمض‬.
‫الفوسفوريك‬ ‫حمض‬.
‫الكبريتيك‬ ‫حمض‬.
‫الورقية‬ ‫األسمدة‬:-
‫المزارع‬ ‫لدي‬ ‫التسميد‬ ‫مشاكل‬:
1-‫اإلفراط‬‫في‬‫التسميد‬‫وعدم‬‫التقيد‬‫بالمقننات‬‫السمادي‬‫ة‬.
2-‫عدم‬‫اختيار‬‫األسمدة‬‫المناسبة‬‫لطبيعة‬‫األرض‬‫والمحص‬‫ول‬.
3-‫عدم‬‫التقيد‬‫بالتوقيت‬‫األمثل‬‫إلضافة‬‫األسمدة‬.
‫الزراعية‬ ‫الجمعيات‬ ‫لدي‬ ‫األسمدة‬ ‫مشاكل‬:
1-‫نوع‬‫األسمدة‬‫النيتروجينية‬‫المتوفرة‬(‫إما‬‫نترات‬‫نشادر‬‫أو‬‫يوري‬‫ا‬)‫وهي‬
‫غير‬‫مناسبة‬‫لكل‬‫المراحل‬‫العمرية‬،‫للنبات‬‫أو‬‫لنوع‬‫النبات‬‫نفس‬،‫ه‬‫أو‬
‫غير‬‫مناسبة‬‫لطبيعة‬‫األرض‬‫ذاتها‬.
2-‫عدم‬‫توفر‬‫باقي‬‫أنواع‬‫األسمدة‬‫األخرى‬.
3-‫توقيت‬‫توفر‬‫األسمدة‬‫خالل‬‫الموسم‬.
4-‫عدم‬‫كفاية‬‫األسمدة‬‫المتوفرة‬‫سواء‬‫لكل‬‫محصول‬‫أو‬‫لكل‬‫المزارعين‬.
5-‫السوق‬‫السوداء‬.
‫األسمدة‬ ‫وتجار‬ ‫محالت‬ ‫لدي‬ ‫األسمدة‬ ‫مشاكل‬:
1-‫عدم‬‫توفير‬‫األسمدة‬‫المناسبة‬.
2-‫االهتمام‬‫بالمكسب‬‫األكبر‬‫دون‬‫االهتمام‬‫بجودة‬‫المنتج‬.
3-‫االتجار‬‫في‬‫أسمدة‬‫غير‬‫مطابقة‬‫للمواصفات‬.
4-‫االتجار‬‫في‬‫األسمدة‬‫المغشوشة‬.
‫المصنعين‬ ‫لدي‬ ‫األسمدة‬ ‫مشاكل‬:
1-‫انتاج‬‫أسمدة‬‫غير‬‫مطابقة‬‫للمواصفات‬.
2-‫مصانع‬‫بير‬‫السلم‬(‫األسمدة‬‫المقلدة‬).
3-‫غش‬‫األسمدة‬‫سواء‬‫بتلوينها‬‫لعدم‬‫معرفة‬‫محتواها‬‫بالنظر‬‫أو‬‫طحن‬
‫حجر‬‫جيري‬.
‫الرقابية‬ ‫الجهات‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫األسمدة‬ ‫مشاكل‬:
1-‫ضعف‬‫الرقابة‬‫على‬‫مصانع‬‫األسمدة‬.
2-‫ضعف‬‫الرقابة‬‫على‬‫محالت‬‫بيع‬‫األسمدة‬.
3-‫ضعف‬‫الرقابة‬‫على‬‫الجمعيات‬‫الزراعية‬.
4-‫عدم‬‫وجود‬‫رقابة‬‫على‬‫المزارع‬‫نفسه‬.
Dr. El-Sayed Mostafa Qaoud
Mobile: 01224160626
E-mail: s_qaoud@yahoo.com
s_qaoud@agr.suez.edu.eg
s_qaoud@hotmail.com
Mail address: Horticultural
department, Faculty of
Agriculture, Suez Canal
University, Ismailia
Governorate, Egypt. 41522

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Alsaid Kaoud (Suez Canal Uni.) • 2019 IFPRI Egypt Seminar "Fertilizer policy in Egypt and options for improvements"