As part of the seminar held by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in collaboration with UNDP "Measuring poverty and food security in Egypt: current state & the potential of big data"

1. Prepared by
Nesma Amer
Under Supervision
Dr. Heba El-Laithy
EGYPT

2. • Introduction
• Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption
Survey (HIECS)
Brief intro about the methodology and data
Food Security Data
• Snapshots of the Results (HIECS2017/18)
• Snapshots of the Food Security Indicators 2015
Contents

3. Introduction
1. Poverty & Malnutrition are the most important factors that have a
negative impact on societies.
2. Which means that healthy nutrition is the basis of health and development,
healthy children learn better than others, healthy people increase their
productivity and their ability to get out of poverty.
3. Hence, the role of the country, such as ministries and agencies or civil society
organizations, are interested in the situation of malnutrition.
4. Since CAPMAS is the main source of data Egypt, CAPMAS is always
seeking to build capacity and develop research to monitor and analyze all issues
facing the society

4. HIECS survey
Poverty
Food Security Survey
monitoring malnutrition among
children aged 6-59 months.
Child Mortality
Introduction (cont.)

5. 1. Methodology
Household Income Expenditure Consumption Survey
The sample size is 26000 household
45% represents the percentage of
households in urban regions, while 55%
represents the percentage of households
in rural regions.

6. 1. Methodology
Household Income Expenditure Consumption Survey
The sample was divided into 26 weeks, including the
first and second quarters.
The third & fourth quarters: keep track of the same
households, previously considered in the first & second
quarters, respectively.
Taking all the children in the HHs of the sample that
were visited in the first and second quarters of the age
between 6 - 59 months to measure the weight and
height of these children, as well as the questions were
placed on child mortality in 2017/2018

7. Snapshots of the Results
HIECS
2017/2018

8. Percentage of poor during the period
2000/1999 to 2017/2018
16.7
19.6
21.6
25.2 26.3
27.8
32.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1999/2000 2004/05 2008/09 2010/11 2012/13 2015 2017/18
%
The percentage of poor in 2017/2018 is the highest
compared to previous years, it reached to 32.5%
8

9. Percentage of extreme poverty
From 2000/1999 to 2018/2017
2.9
3.6
6.1
4.8
4.4
5.3
6.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1999/2000 2004/05 2008/09 2010/11 2012/13 2015 2017/18
The period from 1999 to 2009 witnessed an increase in the
percentage of extreme poverty and then decline in 2010-2013, but it
returned to 6.2% in 2018/17.
%
9

10. Snapshots of the Food
Security Indicators
2015 HIECS

11. 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Cairo
Alexandria
PortSaid
Suez
Damietta
Dakahlia
Sharkia
Qualiobia
KafrelSheikh
Garbeyya
Menoufia
Beheira
Ismailia
Giza
BaniSuef
Fayoum
Menia
Assiut
Sohag
Qena
Aswan
luxor
FrontierGovs
Total
Kcal/person/day
Fig 5.1: Average Per Capita Daily Energy Intake -2015
Urban Govs
Lower Urban
Lower Rural
Upper Urban
Upper Rural
Frontier Urban
Frontier Rural
FIG 5.3: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION SUFFERING CALORIE
DIFICIENCY
• The minimum daily per capita intake
in Egypt is on average 2,462 Kcal/per
person/day.
• 16.3 percent of the population do not
meet their minimum daily energy in-
take (14.5 million),
• The energy gap increases notably in
Upper Egypt, affecting 70% of the
population in Qena, about 61% of the
population in Sohag and 58.6% in
Aswan
• 65% of the population suffering
calorie deficiency are found in Upper
Egypt
Average Calorie Intake

12. 0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Cairo
Alexandria
PortSaid
Suez
Damietta
Dakahlia
Sharkia
Qualiobia
KafrelSheikh
Garbeyya
Menoufia
Beheira
Ismailia
Giza
BaniSuef
Fayoum
Menia
Assiut
Sohag
Qena
Aswan
luxor
Frontiers
AllEgypt
%ofHouseholds
Fig 5.4: Household Dietary Diversity, 2015
Poor Moderate High
Upper Rural
Lower Rural
Urban Govs
 Nationally 18.8% of the population are estimated to
have poor dietary diversity, the majority (56.2%) in
Upper Egypt, followed by Urban Governorates (19.5%)
 Nearly 50% of the population in Sohag and Assuit have
poor food diets
Distribution of Population
with Poor Dietary Diversity
Dietary Diversity

13. 4.7% of households have stunted
children and children with obesity in
the same household
Malnutrition amongst children
Stunting and obesity tend to be
higher in Urban areas, reaching
18.4% and 13.7% respectively,
compared to 15.2% and 7.7% in rural
areas.

14. 15.4
20.8
16.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
Two individuals or less per room More that two individuals per
room
Total
 Children of overcrowded households are the most vulnerable to stunting.
 20.8% of the children who live in overcrowded HHs (more than two individuals in the
room) suffer from Stunting , while 15.4% of stunting children live in lower overcrowding
HHs
Stunting According to the Rate of Overcrowding

15. 15.3
17
16.2
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
Sanitation No Sanitation Total
 17% of children suffer from stunting, live in households do not
have a sanitation , while 15.3% of them, live in Households do
have a sanitation
Stunting According to have a Sanitation

16. Stunting According to Monetary Poverty
18.5
15.3
16.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Poor Non Poor Total
 Monetary poverty is linked to child malnutrition. 18.5% of
children in poor households suffer from stunting, compared with
15.3% of children in non-poor households

17. Multidimensional Poverty

18. Household Income Expenditure Consumption Survey
Dimension Indicator Deprived if... Weight
Education Years of Schooling No HH member has completed 10 years of Schooling
1/8
School Attendance Any member in school age and does not attend school
1/8
Health Health Care Access Any HH member has a chronic disease or disability and
didn't receive health care due to any reasons except the
reason that it is a simple disease
1/8
Health Insurance No HH member has Health Insurance 1/8
Standard
of Livings
Over Crowdedness The number of people per room grater than 3 1/20
Sanitation HH does not have a private indoor toilet with flush 1/20
Water HH doesn’t access a public water OR there is no indoor tap
1/20
Flooring The Floor of the housing is sand or any other unsuitable
materials
1/20
Assets HH has less than 3 small assets and no car
1/20
Monetary
Poor
Monetary Poverty Lower than Poverty Line 1/8
Multi-Sources of
Income
No household member at work age (age>=15) doesn't
have work OR does have only one resource of income 1/8

19. Thank You