The document discusses the composition of body fluids and fluid loss. The total body water is divided into two compartments: intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). ICF makes up 30-40% of body weight and includes fluid inside cells, while ECF makes up 20% and includes interstitial fluid and plasma. Fluid loss in neonates includes insensible water loss of 15-30 ml/kg due to their high surface area to body mass ratio and thin skin. Other fluid losses include renal output, stool water, growth, and water from oxidation. An equilibrium is normally maintained between the ICF and ECF compartments.
11. FLUID LOSS
Plasma water loss
dehydration,anaemia
polycythemia,heart failure
hypoalbuminemia,
abnormal plasma osmolality
12. Fluid loss in neonates
Insensible water loss ----15 –30ml/kg
Renal water loss -----------60—90ml/kg
Stool water loss-------------10 ml/kg
Growth --------------10—15 ml/kg
Water of oxidation-----------15---18ml/kg
13. Insensible fluid loss in neonates
causes -----
Increase in surface area per unit body mass
Decrease in subcutaneous fat tissue
Thin epidermis
Increased permeability of epidermis