2. Agenda
• ASHRAE Standards
Development
– Jargon
• Std 90.1 layout
• Review of changes to
each section
• How Improvements
are evaluated
• Questions
3. Compliance Approaches
Building Systems Compliance Options
Envelope Prescriptive
Option
HVAC
Trade Off
SHW Option
Mandatory Compliance
Provisions
Power
Energy Cost
Budget
Lighting
Simplified
Other
4. Std 90.1 Sections
• Section 1: Purpose • Section 7: Service Water Heating
• Section 2: Scope • Section 8: Power
• Section 3: Definitions • Section 9: Lighting
• Section 4: Admin and • Section 10: Other Equipment
Enforcement • Section 11: Energy Cost Budget
• Section 5: Building Envelope (ECB) method
• Section 12: Normative References
• Appendices
5. Std 90.1 -2010
• Significant Savings
over 2004 version
• Site energy savings is National With Without
in kWh Weighted Receptacle Receptacle
Energy Loads Loads
• Site energy cost Savings
savings is in $
Site 25.5% 32.6%
– Std 90.1 evaluates itself Energy
on energy cost
Energy 24.0% 30.1%
• How did they do that? Cost
6. How did they do that?
30% Improvement
109 Addenda
TPS Change
2004 2007 2010
Lets talk about changes from 2007 version to the 2010 version
7. Section 2
Change in Scope
• Process (plug) loads
can now be included 11%
17% Lighting 17%
• The TPS change Cooling 9%
allows the committee Heating 21% 64%
14%
to write rules on plug 9%
Ventilation 5% Regulated
loads if they deem it Water Heating 9%
Refrigeration 3%
necessary 3%
Electronics 5%
• If the Std does not 3%
Computers 3% 25%
specifically address a 5% Cooking 3% Unregulated
21% Other 14%
process load, then it 3%
Adjust to SEDS 11%
is unregulated 9%
5%
A 30% total site reduction would require a 47% reduction in regulated loads
A 50% total site reduction would require a 78% reduction in regulated loads
Source: Building Energy Data Book 2009, Table 3.1.4
8. Section 5
Building Envelope
• Building envelope
requirements change
based on location
• Approximately 20
changes between
2007 and 2010
versions
• Informative Appendix
F lists changes by
addenda
9. Section 5
Building Envelope
• Continuous air barrier
for most buildings
– 5.4.3.1
– Material leakage rate
under 0.004 cfm/ft² @
0.3 in. w.c.
– Assembly leakage rate
under 0.04 cfm/ft² @ 0.3
in. w.c.
Goal: Minimize infiltration by 83% and
HVAC energy usage by 40% - NIST
10. Section 5
Building Envelope
• Tightened air leakage
rates for fenestration
and doors
– 5.4.3.2
– 1 cfm/ft² @ 1.57 PSF for
doors
– 0.06 cfm/ft² @ 1.57 PSF
for curtain wall
Goal: Minimize infiltration
11. Section 5
Building Envelope
• Vestibule
Requirements
changed
– 5.4.3.4
• Insulation
requirements for
metal buildings more
stringent
– 5.5.3.1 and 5.5.3.2
12. Section 5
Building Envelope
• Cool roofs required in
some climate zones
– 5.5.3.1.1
– Zones 1,2 and3
– Solar reflectance = 0.55
– SRI = 64 (ASTM E1980)
Goal: Minimize roof loads
13. Section 5
Building Envelope
• Vertical fenestration must
have more area on south
side than on either east
or west side
– 5.5.4.5
• Large spaces with tall
ceilings must have
minimum skylight area
and automatic daylighting
controls
– 5.5.4.2.3
14. Section 5
Building Envelope
• Exceptions are
provided to SHGC
requirements for
dynamic glazing
– 5.5.4.4.1
15. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Process cooling can now be
included
– Scope change
• New data center requirements
– Added CRAC units based on ASHRAE
Std 127
– Introduced sensible Coefficient of
Performance (SCOP)
– 6.4.1.1, 6.5.1, Table 6.8.1k
– A/C equipment primarily serving
computer rooms must meet Table
Example of process loads now being
6.8.1k
considered
16. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Upgraded efficiencies
to most HVAC
equipment categories
– 6.8.1 tables
• New term for Unitary
equipment
– Integrated Energy
Efficiency Ratio (IEER)
– Brings focus to part load
efficiency rather than just
full load performance Goal: Promote Part load performance
17. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Increased efficiency for water-
cooled and evaporatively cooled
air conditioners/heatpumps
– 3 to 5% more stringent as of June 2011
– IEER increase from 5 to 13%
– Two position valves required on water
cooled unitary equipment (WSHPs)
– Pumps larger than 5 hp serving W/C
unitary equipment need VFD
18. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Water to water heat pumps
– Added to standard
– Efficiencies based on application
(Watersource, ground water, ground
source)
19. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Increased efficiency for PTACs
and PTHPs as of Oct 2012
– Created standard (16 x 42 size) and non
standard efficiency tables
– Standard size for new construction
Standard
– Non standard size for replacement
(existing wall sleeves)
Non -standard
20. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Two path compliance for
chillers (addendum M)
– Both paths have a full and part
load target
– Path A targets high full load
performance
– Path B targets high part load
performance
– Chillers with glycol now under
Std 90.1
– Glycol chiller performance
criteria based on just water
when checking with 90.1 Goal: Promote full operating range
performance
21. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Recent Chiller Interpretations
– Where customers request more
strict conditions than required in
AHRI 550/590, the chillers will be
compared to Std 90.1 at standard
rating conditions.
– Power usage shall be measured at
the line side of starter or VFD.
– Starter and VFD losses must be
included in chiller performance
22. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Chiller scope expansion
– Air and water cooled positive
displacement chillers now included
in Std 90.1 with LFT > 32 °F
• Non standard chiller equation
– 6.4.1.2.1
– Covers chillers with LFT ≥ 36 °F
– Covers chillers with CWT ≤ 115 °F
– 20 °F to 80 °F of lift
Goal: Avoid gaming by picking 85.1 °F CWT
• About 98% of centrifugal
chillers now covered by Std
90.1
23. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• VRF systems added
– Based on new AHRI 1230 test
standard
– The IEER levels will increase
in 2012
• New rating system for
water to water HX
– 6.4.1.4
– Encouraging manufacturers
to certify their products
– No performance targets yet
24. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Restrictions on pump
head sizing and pipe
sizing
– 6.4.2.2
– Need to calculate the
pressure drop through
piping and components
for critical path
• Pipe sizing as per
table 6.5.4.5
Goal: Make sure pumps are not oversized
– Flow rate by Dia. And
hours operation
25. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Pump differential
pressure flow control
shall
– Not exceed pressure
required for 110% of
design flow through heat
exchanger
– Shall reset down during
part load until one
control valve is nearly
open.
– 6.5.4.1
26. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Hydronic systems
other than unitary
systems must have
VFD over 10 hp
– 6.5.4.1
– No caveats any more
– No pump curve riding etc
Goal: Promote Variable flow systems
27. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• VAV requirement for DX and
chilled water systems that
serve single zone
– 6.4.3.10
– Chilled water systems ≥ 5 hp fan
motors must be variable flow
– 2 spd or VFD
– As of Jan. 1, 2012 DX systems >
110kBtu/h must be able to reduce
fan speed 2/3 or less at 50% load
– 2 spd or VFD
• Fan power ratings based on
constant volume power limits
Goal: Promote fan power savings
28. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Increased insulation
requirements for
pipes and ducts
– 6.4.4
• New requirements for
radiant panel systems
– 6.4.4
– Ineffective panel areas
shall have r-3.5
29. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Limitations on centrifugal
fan cooling towers
– 6.5.5.3
– 1100 gpm or greater, must meet
axial fan efficiency
– 38.2 USgpm per fan hp
– Exempt if they are ducted
• New tower category for
closed circuit cooling towers
– Avoid confusion with Fluid
coolers
Goal: Promote fan power savings
30. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Economizer changes
– 6.5.1
• With more stringent
envelopes and higher
internals loads,
cooling required at
lower ambients
– Promotes economizers
• Economically justified
in all but Zones 1a Goal: Promote economizers. The
and ab. improvements in building envelopes make
economizers economically justified in more
climate zones
31. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Sizes 54 kBtu/h and larger
require economizers
– Individual unit (not system)
– Air or water economizers
– Economizer is 1st stage cooling
– 2nd stage mechanical cooling
– Economizer goes to minimum
when high limit reached
– High limit settings by region
• 12 exceptions
32. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Economizer exception for
computer rooms
– 6.5.1j
– Total design below 3,000
kBtu/h and not served by
chiller plant
– Total design below 600 kBtu/h
and is served by chiller plant
– Local authority prohibits
cooling towers
– Less than 600 kBtu/h computer
load being added to existing
building
33. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Water economizer sizing
for computer rooms
– 6.5.1.2
– Load must be met at 40 °F db/
35°F wb with evaporative type
water economizers
– Load must be met at 35 °F db
with dry type water
economizers
34. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Changes to damper
leakage requirements
– 6.5.1.1.4
– Comply with changes to
controls section
– Motorized intake and
exhaust dampers in most
climate zones
Goal: Limit infiltration during off hours and slow down heat up or
cool down
35. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Dynamic ventilation
control for multi zone
VAV systems
following Std 62.1
Appendix A
– 6.5.3.3
– VAV systems with DDC
controls shall lower
ventilation air below
design rate in response
to ventilation efficiency
36. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Supply air reset
– Removed from 1999
version
– Back in 2010 version
– 6.5.3.4
• Goal is to reset SAT up
to max level when
boxes at minimum flow
– Fan penalty should be
offset by reheat savings Goal: Mechanical cooling savings that more
than offset additional fan work
– Can be based on outdoor
air reset
37. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• SAT Reset exceptions
– Climate zones 1a, 2a,3a
– Systems that prevent
reheating, re-cooling or
mixing
– Systems where 75% of
reheat comes from recovery
or solar.
38. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Additional requirements
for reheat/re-cool
minimums
– 20% zone design peak supply
rate during deadband and
50% zone peak design rate for
full heating
– Meant to help with
stratification in heating from
ceiling diffusers
• Overheat heating SAT Goal: Reduce heating air flow to minimum
limited to 20 ° above
F level where overhead distribution is still
effective
temperature set point
39. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• Climatic based
requirement for energy
recovery
– 6.5.6
– Based on climate zone, size
and % outdoor air
• New requirements for
garage and kitchen hood
ventilation
– 6.4.3.4.5 and 6.5.7
– Garage systems shall
modulate to 50% based on
contaminants Goal: Fan power savings in garages and
kitchen exhaust systems
40. Section 6
HVAC Systems
• New requirements for
lab exhaust
– 6.5.7.2
– Need to be VAV above
5000 cfm
41. Section 7
Service Water Heating
• No changes from
2007 version
42. Section 8
Power
• Half of all convenience
power outlets shall be
controlled such that power
is turned off when space is
not occupied
– 8.4.2
• Efficiency requirements
added for dry type
transformers
– 8.1.2
– Reflect 2005 Federal
requirements Goal: Std 90.1 in line with Federal codes
43. Section 9
Lighting
• Increased documentation
requirements
– 9.7
• Lighting alteration
requirements now
– Take effect at 10%
replacement
– Include exterior areas
– Include renovations even
when it is just lamp/ballast
replacement
– Require compliance with auto
shut requirements
– 9.1.2
44. Section 9
Lighting
• Changes to lighting
power density (LPD)
values
– tables 9.5.1 and 9.6.1
• Adjustment Factor added
for tall spaces
– 9.6.3
• Additional LPD allowed
when using certain non
mandatory controls
– 9.6.2c
45. Section 9
Lighting
• Allowances for retail
lighting have been
reduced
– 9.6.2b
• Multi-use spaces now
use multiple LPD
valves
– 9.6.1
46. Section 9
Lighting
• Exterior lighting now
broken into 5 zones
based on ambient
light levels
– 9.6.1
– Undeveloped park area
to high traffic
commercial zone
47. Section 9
Lighting
• Light control changes include
(9.4)
– Bi level control
– Auto shut off based on occupancy
required in more spaces
– Certain required controls must be
manual/auto on to no more than
50% power
– Deleted 5000 ft² threshold for auto
shutoff
– Functional testing of some lighting
controls now required (9.4.4)
– Daylight harvesting required in
certain situations 5.5.4.2.3
48. Section 10
Other Equipment
• Control requirements
for water pressure
booster pump
systems
– 10.4.2
– Variable flow design
– Don’t dead head a pump
Goal: Avoid pump work during low or no
flow requirement periods
49. Section 10
Other Equipment
• Requirements added
to limit lighting and
fan power in elevator
cabs and de-energize
during stand by mode
– 10.4.3
• Motor efficiency
tables changed for
motors built after
12/19/2010
– Table 10.8a,b,c
Goal: Keep Std 90.1 in line with Federal
motor requirements
50. Section 11
ECB Method
Large Office
• No changes to 2010
version
• Case sample
provided in previous
Users manual has Secondary School
been deleted
– Can be downloaded
from ASHRAE
51. Appendix G
Performance Rating Method
• Can use Appendix G to rate High-rise Apartment
buildings for other than
compliance with Std 90.1
– LEED
– Appendix G is nota compliance
path
• A building complies with Std
90.1 (section 11) if the
proposed design energy cost ≤
energy cost budget
Hospital
• In Appendix G Proposed
building performance ≥
baseline building performance
52. Appendix G
Performance Rating Method
• Now normative part of the High-rise Apartment
Standard whereas it was
informative
• Heated only storage
spaces have been added
– G3.1.1
• 2 rules added to
ventilation rules for Hospital
baseline HVAC systems
– G3.1.2.6