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1. Immune
Disorders
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2. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com

3. “You can't fly a kite unless you go
against the wind and have a weight to
keep it from turning somersaults. The
same with man. No man will succeed
unless he is ready to face and
overcome difficulties and is prepared
to assume responsibilities”
-- William J. H. Boetcker
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4. Introduction:
• Humoral Immunity
– B lymphocytes - Antibody
• Cell mediated Immunity
– T lymphocytes – Macrophages
• Non-Specific immunity
– Neutrophils, Macrophages
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5. Introduction:
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•
•
•
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Immunity is not inherited.
Antigen / Antibody
Active / Passive immunity.
Vaccine, Toxoid, Live/Killed
Primary response – slow, weak.
– Learning period, memory cells.
• Secondary response – rapid, strong
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6. Immune Disorders:
• Immunodeficiency disorders
– AIDS, antibody deficiency
• Hypersensitivity Disorders (allergy)
– Type-I (IgE), II-IgG, IIIImmunecomplex, IV-Cell mediated.
• Autoimmune disorders
– SLE, Rhematoid, Rheumatic fever.
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7. Rheumatic fever:
•
•
•
Autoimmune disorder.
Group A, streptococcal pharyngitis.
Antibody cross react with connective tissue in
- susceptible individuals*
• 2-3 weeks – Autoimmune reaction.
• Inflammation - T lymphocytes, macrophages.
• Heart, skin, brain & joints.
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8. Morphology:
• Acute Rheumatic Fever –
–
–
–
–
–
Acute Inflammatory Phase
Heart – Pancarditis
Skin – Erythema Marginatum
CNS – Sydenham Chorea
Migratory polyarthritis
• Chronic Rheumatic Fever
– Deforming fibrotic valvular
disease.
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9. Acute Rheumatic vegetations:
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10. Acute Rheumatic vegetations:
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11. Fish mouth Mitral stenosis:
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12. What is Asthma?
•
•
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•
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•
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Hypersensitivity – Allergy , Type I
of airways of lungs - Bronchi
Allergens – in the air, mast cell - IgE ab.
Inflammation of airways – Bronchitis.
Genetic, Environmental, Race, Age.
High in industrial cities 4-19%, Fiji < 1%
Increasing incidence …!
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13. Pathogenesis - Atopic Asthma:
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14. Asthma
Mechanism:
• Allergy
• Inflammation Of
Bronchi
• Obstruction
• Mucous Plugs
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15. INFLAMMATION
INDUCERS
Allergens,pollutants
Airway
Hyperresponsiveness
Genetic*
Airflow Limitation
TRIGGERS
Exercise
Cold Air, diseases,
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16. Epidemiology/pathology
Normal
Asthma
Barnes PJ
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17. Lung in Asthma with Mucous plugs
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18. Mucous plug in asthma:
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19. Asthma Microscopic Pathology
Obstructed
Inflammed
Bronchi
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20. Asthma - Bronchial morphology
•
•
•
•
inflammation
Eosinophils
Gland hyperplasia
Mucous plug in
lumen
• Hypertrophy of
muscle layer
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21. Summary:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Not inherited…! Learns self – then Foreign.
Immune system – Humoral, Cell Med, Non-sp
Antigen & Antibody – Complement/phagocyt.
Primary & Secondary Response (slow/rapid)
Acitve & Passive immunity
Vaccine/Toxoid/Live/Killed/antisera.
Immunodeficiency/Hypersensitivity/Autoimm
Allergy,Asthma, Rheumatic fever, SLE, AIDS
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22. "If you tell the truth, you have
infinite power supporting you;
but if not, you have infinite
power against you….!"
--Charles Gordon
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23. www.indiandentalacademy.com
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com