Role of Fisheries
Fisheries & Aquaculture
Promotes rural livelihoods
Complements food and nutritional security
Generates employment opportunity
 Contributes to GDP
Earns foreign exchange

Cont’d…
Cont:d…
Marine Fisheries
Capture fisheries Stagnated or over exploited
Climate Change impacts seasonal fishery
Coastal pollution
Indiscriminate, Unregulated, Unreported Fishing
Inland Fisheries
Catch statistics poor
Resources vulnerable to habitat degradation
Multi user and different ownership of water resources

Cont’d…
Cont:d…
Aquaculture
Fastest-growing food sector
 Annual growth rate 8.8%
59.9 million tonnes in 2010
Value US$119 billion
China produces >60% total
Last frontier to meet food security for
future generation

Cont’d…
Cont:d…
Fishers and Fish Farmers
Fisheries offer employment opportunities
Nearly 55 million-mostly small-scale
Over half of them are women involved in secondary
sector
10-12% world’s population depend on fisheries

Cont’d…
Cont:d…
India Total Fish Production (2011-2012)
Total Fish Production ( Marine & Inland)
8.67 million tonnes
Marine
3.37 million tonnes
Inland
5.30 million tonnes
Export Fish and Fishery Products (2011-12) Qty
8.62 lakh metric tonnes
Export Fish and Fishery Products (2011-12) Value
Rs.16,597.23 crores
GDP at current prices (Fisheries Sector)
Rs.76,699 crores
GDP share in overall
1.07percent
GDP share in Agriculture
4.15 percent

Cont’d…
Cont:d…
 Tamil Nadu ranks

4th in Marine fish production (3.65 lakh MTs)
1st rank – Gujarat – 6.87 lakh MTs

9th in Inland fish production (1.76 lakh MTs)
1st rank – West Bengal – 13.25 lakh MTs
Per capita consumption of fish per year



World average
India
Tamil Nadu
- 17.10 kg
- 11.50 kg
- 9.0 kg
Recommended fish consumption – 13.0 kg

Inland Fisheries and
Aquaculture in Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu-Inland Fisheries at a
Glance
1 Inland Fishery Resource
3,73,696
ha
970mm.
2 Annual rain fall
3 No. of Reservoir
53
8
61
4 Induced Carp Spawning Centre
4
4
8
5 Fish seed rearing centers
27
6
33
6 Inland Fisher folk population
2,21,705 nos.

Source wise Inland Fish Production
Resources
Reservoirs
No.
Area
(ha.)
Percentage
Fish
Production
(in tonnes)
Percentage
61
52,055
13.93
1,922.30
Long Seasonal
Irrigation Tanks
2012
92,304
24.70
69,269.56
39
Short Seasonal
Tanks
6007
163486
43.75
84,894.99
48
Brackish water
& Swamps
-
56,000
14.99
10,744.00
6
9,851
2.63
9,394.15
6
3,73,696
100
1,71,305.00
Others
Total
1
100

Cont’d…
Inland Fisheries
 Fish Production
 Potential - 4.5 lakh tonnes
 Production (2011-12)
1.76 Lakh tonnes
 Fish Seed
 Demand–23.2crore fingerlings
 Supply-19.2crore fingerlings
 Gap – 4.0 crore fingerlings

Cont’d…
Tamil Nadu Inland Fish Production- Recent Trends
(2002-2012)
Inland Fish Production (In MTs)
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0

Cont’d…
Why Aquaculture?
Increase in food production by over 40% by 2030
& over 70% by 2050
Global fish production
-
 Indian Fishery sector
- 1950–51- 0.75 million tonnes
- 2008-09 – 7.62 million tonnes
143.6 million tonnes
40% by Aquaculture
Capture fishery at cross roads
Over 70% of resources exploited

Cont’d…
Agriculture & Fish Culture Income – A Comparison
Criteria
Agriculture
Aquaculture
Area
2500 sq.m. (1 acre)
2500 sq.m.
Production
40 bags (paddy)
1500 kg (fish)
Value
Rs.40000/- (approx)
Rs.90,000/-
Expenditure
Rs.25,000/-
Rs.63,750/-
Income
Rs.15,000/-
Rs.26,250/-
No. of Crops
2
2
Total income / yr
Rs.30,000/-
Rs.52,500/-

Cont’d…
Scope for Increasing Fish Production

Fish culture in open water bodies.

Fish farming in excavated ponds.

Integrated
fish
Animal Husbandry.

Innovative fish farming practices like Pen farming, Cage
farming, Raceway culture & recirculation system.
farming
with
Agriculture
&

Cont’d…
Prospects
 Productivity of Water bodies can be improved by stocking right mix of
fast growing fish varieties.
The productivity can be enhanced from 25 kg/ha (Natural water bodies
- auto stocked varieties) to 150 – 200 kg/ha by stocking advanced fish
fingerlings
 Indian Major Carps (IMC) and Chinese Carps seed Production
technology is available.
 Fast growing fish varieties suitable for short seasonal tanks are available
for culture
 All the natural feed available in water bodies can be best utilized by
stocking of composition of fish seeds utilizing different levels of water
column.

Cont’d…
 In fish culture – water is a medium & no consumptive value.
Pond water enriched with nutrients can be utilized for
agriculture.
Due to enrichment of nutrients, agriculture production is
improved.
Grass carp eradicates weeds faster and the faecal matter
enriches the bottom soil.
Fish culture can be well integrated with agriculture ,horticulture
crops &animal husbandry

Cont’d…
Constraints in Inland Fisheries Development
No perennial Rivers in Tamil Nadu.
Inadequate & erratic rain fall.
 Major carp seed production season (May - August) not
coinciding with availability of water in ponds/tanks (NE
monsoon, October – December)
Mismatch of demand & supply of fish seed.
Water is prioritized for agriculture.
Non availability of candidate species for stocking in
short seasonal tanks.
Lack of awareness among the farmers.

Cont’d…
Cold Water Fisheries
Fish thriving in upland streams above 750 mts, MSL, below
15 C water temperature.
Upland streams in the Nilgiris offer immense
developing sport fishery.
potential for
Trout Farm at Avalanche at the Nilgiris is a 100 year old farm
The streams are stocked with Trout fish produced from
Avalanchi Trout Farm by the Department and licences are
issued to the anglers.

Cont’d…
Chinese Hatchery

Cont’d…
Fish Seed Rearing Farm, Mordana, Vellore

Cont’d…
Cage rearing of fish seeds

Fish seed Rearing by NADP beneficiaries

Cont’d…
Integrated Fish Farming

Cont’d…
Aquaculture in Farm Pond

Cont’d…
Pen Culture

Cont’d…
Fish Harvest

Cont’d…
Ornamental Fish Industry
 The sector attracts lots of revenue
with the increasing trend of aquarium
fish hobbyists
 Backyard type by rural mass to
augment their income
 Kolathur (Thiruvallur Dt) is a major hub
in Tamilnadu.
Flower Horn
Activity
Kolathur
TN
Ornamental
seed
production
units
86
146
Rearing units
54
86
Retail outlet
32
287
Koi Carp

Cont’d…
Commercially Important Freshwater Ornamental fishes
Arowana
Discus
Gold Fish
Oscar Fish

Cont’d…
Marine Ornamental Fish
Marine Ornamental fish industry is also fast developing
Breeding techniques have been standardized for fishes like Clown fishes
Clown Fish
Jelly Fish
Butterfly Fish
Lion Fish

Cont’d…
Brackish water Aquaculture
 Potential Brackishwater area -56,000 Ha.
 1600 Shrimp farms have been registered in Tamilnadu.
 Coastal Aquaculture Authority (CAA) is registering the Brackish
water Shrimp farms (Mandatory).
 Litopenaeus vannamei (American White Shrimp) and Penaeus
monodon (Tiger Shrimp) are the major species cultured.
P. monodon
L. vannamei

Cont’d…
New Initiatives in Aquaculture
Cobia - Rachycentron
canadum -A fastest growing
marine fish
Research Projects are
underway for breeding and
cage culture.
Asian Seabass- Lates
calcarifer
Thetechnology for the seed
production have been
developed

Cont’d…
Amur carp
Hungary strain of common
carp.
Rapid Growth
GIFT TilapiaHaving higher growth than
other strains of Tilapia

Cont’d…
Cage Farming - Features
 In addition to the production from water bodies, surface water spread
can be utilised for augmenting fish production.
 Fast growth achieved in controlled environment.
 High Stocking density – 150 -200 nos./Cu.m
 High production in less space – 2000 MTs/ Ha.
 High stocking density with high protein pellet feed ensures high
production
 Feed Conversion Ratio is low due to controlled feeding.
 Easier handling, identification of fish disease, preventive measures
and harvesting of fish
 Harvest can done as per the Market demand

Cont’d…
Cage Farming - Thoppaiar dam

Cage culture

Cont’d…
Intensive Fish Farming
Water Exchange 100%
every day
Cat fish culture in Malaysia

Department of Fisheries- Activities at a
Glance

Objectives of Fisheries Department
 To conserve the fishery wealth
 Manage the resources for sustainable fish production.
 To encourage fishers to exploit the under-utilized fishery resources
and to reduce fishing pressure in the inshore areas.
 To strengthen the infrastructure facilities for fish landing and
marketing.
 To uplift the socio-economic status of the fishers.
 To promote sustainable, eco-friendly aquaculture practices.
 To generate rural employment opportunities in Fisheries and allied
activities.
 To promote Exports and thereby increase foreign exchange
earnings.
 To promote scientific Inland Aquaculture and fish production

Major schemes

Cont’d…
Resource/Production Enhancement
 Conservation and management of Fishery resources
• Enforcement of Tamil Nadu Marine Fishing Regulation Act, 1983
is a regulating measure as part of conservation and
management of marine resources
 Setting up of artificial reefs
• Government
have
sanctioned
a
sum
of
Rs.2.93 crore towards the installation of 19 units in coastal districts
of Tamil Nadu

Cont’d…
 Providing 50% subsidy assistance for procuring new tuna
long liners
 Deep sea fishing – Stationing of Mother Ship Concept
• The Government have announced an innovative project on
establishment of “Mid Sea Fish Processing Units cum Carrier
Mother Vessel” as a pilot Project under Public Private
Partnership (PPP) mode
 Stocking of advanced fingerlings in reservoirs with
assistance from NFDB

Cont’d…
 Fish seed production/ Fish seed rearing centers
 There are 4 Fish Seed Production Centres functioning under the
control of Fisheries Department at Bhavanisagar in Erode
district, Mettur in Salem district, Manimuthar in Tirunelveli
district and Karanthai in Thanjavur district.
 From these 4 fish seed production centres, 189 million early fry
have been produced during the year 2012-13
 For the current year , it is proposed to produce 250 million
early fry
 Under the control of the Department of Fisheries, 28 fish seed
rearing centres are functioning.
 It is proposed to rear 775lakh fish seeds

Cont’d…
 Providing technical guidance and extending subsidy to fish
farmers through 12 Fish Farmers Development Agency (FFDA)
 Promotion of ecofriendly aquaculture practices through 5
Brackishwater Fish Farmers Development Agency (BFDA)
 Development of cold water Fisheries
 Western Ghats Development Programme
• Under conservation and development of watershed in Western
Ghats, aquaculture and Fisheries activities are being taken up.

Special Projects

1.TN IAMWARM
OBJECTIVES
Integrate aquaculture & enhance unit productivity of water.
Increase inland fish production & per-capita fish consumption.
Provide avenues for additional income to farmers.
Infrastructure facilities for fish seed production.
Introduce and popularize innovative aquaculture technologies.
Capacity building of farmers on
aquaculture.
Strengthen inland fish
marketing.

Cont’d…
INTERVENTIONS
 Aquaculture in farm ponds
 Establishing fish seed banks
 Improvement to Government Seed Farms
 Fish seed rearing in cages
 Ornamental fish culture unit
 Intensive fish culture in irrigation tanks
 Supply of fishing implements
 Modern Fish Kiosk
 Cage Farming
 Seed rearing in Pens
 Capacity Building

4.National Agriculture Development Programme (NADP)
 Central Sector Flagship Scheme
Ministry of Agriculture-GOI-implemented from 2007-2008.

NADP SCHEMES 2012-13
Project
Repair and renovation of existing fish seed farm at Bhavanisagar
Outlay
(Rs in lakh)
505.65
Establishment of Modern Mobil Fish Marketing vehicles and Mobile
Sea Food Restaurant Vehicles in Major Cities and Towns of Tamil
Nadu by (TNFDC Ltd)
90.90
Subsidy Assistance to Fishing Crafts in West Coast to take up
Squid Jigging
41.41
Repair & Renovation and Creation of additional facility to
Government Fish Seed Farm of Tamilnadu
Mettur Dam
303.00
Krishnagiri Dam
363.60
Tamilnadu Fisheries Development Corporation Limited Farms
Aliyar Fish Farm
Amaravathy Fish Farm
Thirumoorthy Fish Farm
165.64
Palar-Poranthalar Fish Farm
Sathanoor Fish Farm
49

Contd.,
Upgradation of the existing Government Brackish water fish farm
with Bio Security arrangements and additional infrastructure
facilities to undertaking SPF L.vannamei.
139.605
Training on Capacity Building of the Staff of Fisheries Department
12.12
Capacity Building by Imparting Extension Education to Marine
Fisherwomen Cooperative Society Members in other States and
Strengthening The Marketing Infrastructure.
13.13
Establishment of live feed culture unit for ornamental fishes and
fish disease diagnostic centre at Chetpet
0.56
Input subsidy assistance to earthen fish seed rearing farms
Establishment of modern fish retail outlet and fish food
restaurant at any one major town of Tamil nadu (TAFCOFED)
20.00
Construction of Government Fish Seed Farm at Athur
TOTAL
501.650
50

National Mission for Protein Supplement. (NMPS)
A) CAGE CULTURE
Outlay : Rs. 10.42 Crore
(2011-12- Rs. 3.34 Crore & 2012-13-Rs. 7.08 Crore)

48 cages deployed in Poondi Reservoir and culture under progress.

Cont’d…
B.Integrated Aquaculture unit at Thanjavur under NMPS 2012-13
Project Outlay : Rs.250.00 lakhs
Project Details :
Cost / unit (Rs. In lakhs)
Inputs
Fish hatchery
Fish farm
Inputs
15.00
104.00
40.00
no of units.
1
50 ha.
50 ha.
Expected Output:
 16 million fingerlings per annum can be produced.
180 tonnes fish worth of Rs108 lakh per crop will
be produced.

Installation of Artificial Reefs
(Fish Aggregating Device)
 To increase marine fish
production by deploying
Artificial fish habitats
along the coast.
53

Fish Seed Production Centres
Kandarathittam, Ariyalur District
Pombur in Virdhunagar Dist
Ogalur, Perambalur District
Parambur at Pudukottai District

NADP SUCCESS STORY – Fish Seed Rearing Centre
 Thiru.M. Ramajeyam of Sathur Agriculture farmer switched to Fish
culture.
 Established seed rearing unit under NADP 2009-10 scheme.
 Total cost of project-Rs 3.00 lakhs out of which subsidy Rs1.50 lakhs.
 3 lakhs fingerlings produced per year NET PROFIT is Rs 1.50 lakhs.

Cont’d…
PRESS NEWS ABOUT NADP SCHEMES

NATIONAL FISHERIES
DEVELOPMENT BOARD (NFDB)

National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB)
 Provides financial assistance -
development of various fisheries schemes.
 One of the important schemes of NFDB is Reservoir Fisheries Management
 Advanced fingerlings stocking - increase survival and fish production.
 Reservoir stocking and Reservoir management training – Rs.354.54 lakhs provided.
229.09 lakhs fingerlings stocked & 4430 beneficiaries trained.
 Other schemes implementation- Rs.11.60 lakhs.
 Exposure training to the Fish Farmers to other states.
 Input subsidy - fish farmers for fish seed rearing centers -established under NADP.

TAMIL NADU FISHERMEN
WELFARE BOARD

Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Relief / Assistance
Accident Relief
(a) Death due to Accident
(b) Loss of both hands
(c) Loss of both legs
(d) Loss of one hand and one leg
(e) Loss of sight in both eyes
(f) Loss of limbs due to Major injuries other than the
above items
Death during
fishing or
after fishing other than
accidental death
Fisherman missing during fishing
Natural death
Funeral Expenses
Assistance for Education to son or daughter of the
member
a) Pass in 10th Std

Contd.,
7
8
9
b) Pass in 12th Std
c) ITI and Polytechnic
d) Bachelor Degree in Arts
e) Post Graduate Degree
f) Professional courses (Law, Engineering, and Medicine
etc.)
g)Post Graduate Professional courses
Marriage Assistance
a) Marriage Assistance to Member
b)Marriage Assistance to son or daughter of member
Delivery or Miscarriage of Pregnancy or Termination of
Pregnancy
Delivery
Miscarriage
Termination
Old Age Pension ( Above 65 years)

 A total of 4.23 lakh Fishermen / Fisherwomen labourers were
enrolled as members in the Board.
 9211 claims have been settled and Relief / Assistance
totalling Rs.3,48,09,850/- under various schemes have been
disbursed during the year 2012-13.
 The Relief Assistance disbursed to beneficiaries through
ECS.
 Rs.25 lakh has been exclusively allotted for creating of
corpus fund for extending financial assistance for pursing
higher education to the children of missing / diseased
fishermen by shooting while in fishing.

Role of Administrators in Fisheries Development
 Monitoring and Implementation of Welfare and development
Schemes, Co-ordinate with District Collectors for Speedy
implementation.
 Co-ordinating with District Collectors / Marine Police / Indian Navy
/ Coast Guard in Coastal Security.
 As Member Secretary of State level Committees, Coastal Aqua
culture authority, Co-ordinate with District level Committee in
processing applications for issue of license to aqua farms.
 As Chairman of the Fish Farmers Development Agency/ Brackish
Water Development Agency of the respective Districts and ensure
adequate thrust for overall Fisheries Development.
 To ensure effective implementation of Tamil Nadu Marine Fisheries
Regulation
Act
for
sustainable,
Eco-friendly
Fisheries
Development.
 Conservation and protection of natural aquatic resources, critical
coastal habitats, prevention of banned fish species, destructive fishing
methods.

Rural aquaculture usually comprises farming of aquatic organisms by small-scale
farming households or communities, usually using extensive or semi-intensive
low cost production technology appropriate to their resource base.
The village people are the ideal group for the adoption of location specific
conservation and resource management techniques for sustainable aquaculture in
remote areas
There are many ponds and tanks in India that are not used for fish culture
because they are usually a common property resource.
A community effort to establish a productive venture is an economically
viable use of these waterbodies

Development of fish culture in community ponds& tanks
Social and economic factors responsible for the decline in the tank based
activities
• Though the tanks exist geographically in the village vicinity, its control and
administration has moved to a distant place. For those who control them from a
distance, the tank is merely a physical object and a source of revenue.
•. Multiple ownership of water bodies - PWD, Fisheries, Forest, Panchayat and
Rural Development ,HR&CE, etc
• Different leasing policy &different period of lease
• Emergence of livelihood patterns that are increasingly independent of tankbased occupations.
• Siltation and encroachment of the tanks with little care to maintain the
waterholding capacity and free inflow of water

Minimum fund allocations for maintenance and repairs on tank system.
• poor and regular management of its structures and distribution system.
• involvement of multiple water users and lack of coordination among them.
• growing conflicts between tank bed cultivators (including unauthorized) and
command farmers.
• Increased control by the government agencies with accountability.

Need of Reforms in the community tank management
•To develop, conserve and strengthen water sector through participatory system in
tanks to improve livelihoods of the rural people
•To facilitate community-driven approach in all aspects from project preparation to
its implementation
•To promote and undertake efforts for integrated interventions and operational
convergence in related sectors, viz., Agriculture, Horticulture, Sericulture, Forestry,
Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Ground Water Management, Watershed Development
and other related departments
•To plan, promote and organise activities of capacity building including awareness
campaigns, farmers meet and other programmes

Schemes under NFDB assistance
1. Intensive Aquaculture of Ponds and Tanks
2. Reservoir Fisheries
3. Coastal Aquaculture
4. Mariculture
5. Seaweed Cultivation
6. Infrastructure : Fishing Harbors and Fish Landing Centres
7. Fish Dressing Centres & Solar Drying of Fish
8. Domestic Marketing
9. Technology Upgradation
10. Human Resource Development Programmes
11. Deep Sea Fishing and Tuna Processing
12. Other Activities

Source wise Inland Fish Production
Resources
Reservoirs
No.
Area
(ha.)
Percentag
e
Fish
Production
(in tonnes)
Percentage
61
52,055
13.93
1,922.30
Long Seasonal
Irrigation Tanks
2012
92,304
24.70
69,269.56
39
Short Seasonal
Tanks
6007
163486
43.75
84,894.99
48
Brackish water
& Swamps
-
56,000
14.99
10,744.00
6
9,851
2.63
9,394.15
6
3,73,696
100
1,71,305.00
Others
Total
1
100

Major Departments/Agencies involved in
Development of Inland Fisheries
1
Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Tamil Nadu
2
Tamil Nadu Fisheries Development Corporation, Chennai
3
Central Institute of Fresh Water Aquaculture, Bhuneshwar (CIFA)
4
Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture, Chennai
(CIBA)
5
National Fisheries Development Board, Hyderabad
(NFDB)
6
National Agricultural Development Programme, New Delhi
(NADP)
7
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(NABARD)
8
Marine Products Export Development Authority, Cochin
(MPEDA)
9
Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore
(CIFRI)
Hill Area Development Programme
(HADP)
10
11
(TNFDC)
Other Govt Departments implementing rural livelihood /underdeveloped community