Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Heritage Management - 02. stakeholders
1. Concepts and As-is analysis
Critical analysis
Proposal
1.The Concept of Heritage
2. Stakeholders
3. Copyleft and Wikipedia
4. Interpretations and Services
5.Target Groups
6. Implications of Heritage
7.Authenticity
8. Structure of a Proposal
9. Strengths / Weaknesses
10.Threats / Opportunities
Map a territory
Identify Heritage/Stakeholders
Identify Licenses/Sources
Identify Services
Analyze Target groups involved
Analyse Message(s) promoted
Identify Existing Gaps
Show Concept/Message/Target
Produce a SWOT
Describe Services
Lessons Assignment Competence
Iolanda Pensa, Heritage Management, Università di Bergamo, 2017.
iolanda.pensa@supsi.ch - http://iopensa.it
2.
3.
4. World Heritage
Heritage is our legacy from the past,
what we live with today,
and what we pass on to future generations.
Our cultural and natural heritage
are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.
http://whc.unesco.org/en/about/
5. Industrialisation/modernisation
Nationalism and collective nostalgia
Scientific and educative importance
Heritage is good economics
Artist and aesthetic value
Environmental diversity
Heritage as functional resource
Reasons to conserve the past
Source:Adapted from Timothy & Boyd, Heritage Tourism, 2003, p.88-93
6. Unesco
Global Heritage Fund
World Monuments Funds
ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites
European Union
Europa Nostra
Italy
FAI Fondo Ambiente Italiano (UK National Trust for Places of Historic
Interest or Natural Beauty)
Spain - France - Germany - Finland - Iran - South Africa - Namibia…
Definitions of Heritage
Definition of Heritage Scope/Mandate Support
(links)
Source
(law, convention, charter)
Keywords
21
7. Example of your map
Assignment: Map HeritageIdentify Heritage/Stakeholders
41. € 0
€ 22’500
€ 45’000
€ 67’500
€ 90’000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
NL DE USA ES FR IT BE UK ZW CH Int EU UNESCO Crowd CM
Prince Claus Award, NL
The Netherlands
SUD 2010 SUD 2013SUD 2007
Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&UrbisArs&Urbis
Partnership
iStrike Foundation, NL
Partnership
ICU Art Projects, NL
Germany
FR
FR
Cameroon
doual’art - Rapport d’audit des états financiers.Analysis based on countries.
42. doual’art - Financial reports.
0
65000
130000
195000
260000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
SUD 2010 SUD 2013SUD 2007
Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis
Prince Claus Award
43. The Netherlands
€ 0
€ 22’500
€ 45’000
€ 67’500
€ 90’000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
doual’art - Rapport d’audit des états financiers.The Netherlands:Arts Collaboratory and Prince Claus Fund.
Arts Collaboratory
€ 0
€ 22’500
€ 45’000
€ 67’500
€ 90’000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Prince Claus Fund
€ 0
€ 22’500
€ 45’000
€ 67’500
€ 90’000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Prince Claus Award
44. Culture and Development - Cult&Dev
Cultural cooperation - Cult-coop
Arts Collaboratory Prince Claus Fund Arts Initiatives Gasworks
Mondriaan Foundation Goethe Institut
Culture - Cult
Development - Dev
Cooperation - Coop
BKVB
EED
GIZGerman Embassy
Casa Africa
AECID
Cultures France
FNAC/French Embassy
IRCOD
French Institute of Cameroon
SUPSI
ResearchEducation
lettera27 Orange Foundation
doual’art income.This overview does not include Crowdfunding (- Crowd), Sponsors and Services.Also partnerships and in-kind contributions are not included.
Flemish Institute of Culture
Philip AguirréBozarTate Modern First Floor Gallery
Arterial Network
ACP-EU UNESCO
Ministry of Culture (Cameroon)
CUD (City of Douala)
45. € 0
€ 260’000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
doual’art - Financial reports and some of the resources not included in the financial reports.
Partners
In-kind contributions
Networks
Volunteer work
Technical support
Access to content
Participation
Personal commitment
Authorizations
Maintenance
48. !
Mobile A2k
Culture and Safety in Africa
Design practices for urban
safety and security, Venice
17.10.13
49. Bessengué
Neighborhood
Overview
Bessengué is a neighborhood of Douala
located between Akwa, the main commercial
centre of Douala, and Deido, an autochthon
residential area of the city. It is divided in five
administrative blocks, headed by the chief
Maurice Eyango Mandengue. The
neighborhood is densely populated with limited
access to running water, trash disposal,
electricity and drainage.
Coordinates Douala Cameroon
Timeline
2000 “Atelier Urbaines de Bessengué”
2002 “Bessengué city”
Borne Fontaine
The Passerelle
Artworks:
Radio Bessengue (ephemeral)
Bouquet de souris (ephemeral)
Borne Fontaine (permanent)
The Passerelle (permanent)
Facts
1. A new squared area between the bridge and the borne fontaine is now open
with new business activities.
2. Creation of the Development Committee of Bessengué. Thanks to the
committee the neighborhood has receive fundings from the World Bank.
3. Two water pumps have been installed into the second and third blocks of the
Bessengué.
4. With the fee from the rent of the Borne Fontaine shop (15.000 CFA for month)
the CDB can support the costs of small maintenance services
5. The curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to midnight p.m.
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
50. Bessengué
Evidences
Extract from Interview....
“Creation of the Development Committee of Bessengué Two water
pumps have been installed into the second and third blocks of the
Bessengué with the fee from the rent of the Borne Fontaine shop
(15.000 CFA for month) the CDB can support the costs of small
maintenance services opened a new squared area between the bridge
and the borne fontaine the curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to
midnight p.m.”
Related facts
– the curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to midnight p.m.
Related key findings
– the acceleration of development activities (services and
infrastructures)
Marta Pucciarelli, Field research Douala, December 2012.
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
51. Bessengue
Key findings
The process of producing the artworks and the necessity of negotiating with land
owners have required the engagement of the community, which has lead to the
establishment of a stable group.
Existing and new businesses have been growing in the the area.
Increased value of the land/place.
Sense of shared space.
Sense of ownership.
Keywords
Community, engagement, maintenance, neglected area, infrastructures,
development, workshops, permanent, discussions, meetings, business,
fundings, urban planning, clean water supply, streets, renewing the image of a
neighborhood, value, ownership, new community-based initiatives, new artists-
lead initiatives, urban research
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
52. New Bell
Neighborhood
Overview
Bessengué is a neighborhood of Douala
located between Akwa, the main commercial
centre of Douala, and Deido, an autochthon
residential area of the city. It is divided in five
administrative blocks, headed by the chief
Maurice Eyango Mandengue. The
neighborhood is densely populated with limited
access to running water, trash disposal,
electricity and drainage.
Timeline
2000 “Atelier Urbaines de Bessengué”
2002 “Bessengué city”
Borne Fontaine
The Passerelle
Artworks:
Radio Bessengue (ephemeral)
Bouquet de souris (ephemeral)
Borne Fontaine (permanent)
The Passerelle (permanent)
Typology:
– Monuments
Facts
1. Creation of the Development Committee of Bessengué
2. Two water pumps have been installed into the second and third blocks of the
Bessengué
3. with the fee from the rent of the Borne Fontaine shop (15.000 CFA for month)
the CDB can support the costs of small maintenance services
4. opened a new squared area between the bridge and the borne fontaine
5. the curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to midnight p.m.
Coordinates Douala Cameroon
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
53. La Nouvelle Liberté
Monumental artwork
Overview
Bessengué is a neighborhood of Douala
located between Akwa, the main commercial
centre of Douala, and Deido, an autochthon
residential area of the city. It is divided in five
administrative blocks, headed by the chief
Maurice Eyango Mandengue. The
neighborhood is densely populated with limited
access to running water, trash disposal,
electricity and drainage.
Timeline
2000 “Atelier Urbaines de Bessengué” (2000)
2002 “Bessengué city”
Artworks:
Radio Bessengue (ephemeral)
Bouquet de souris (ephemeral)
Borne Fontaine (permanent)
The Passerelle (permanent)
Typology:
– Monuments
Facts
1. The production and installation of the work has produced local media
coverage and the rise of public opinion (supporting the work or in conflict with it.
2. The city council was forced by the public opinion to improve the maintenance
of the area.
3. Informal traders have been removed from the monument surroundings; new
businesses around the area.
Coordinates Douala Cameroon
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
54. La Nouvelle Liberté
Key findings
Landmark of the city.
The production and installation of the work has produced conflictual reactions.
Keywords
Public opinion, maintenance, role of the city council, monumental, landmark,
permanent, discussions, meetings, conflicts, media coverage, business,
renewing the image of the city, ownership
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
56. Oasis
Proximity artwork
Overview
Bessengué is a neighborhood of Douala
located between Akwa, the main commercial
centre of Douala, and Deido, an autochthon
residential area of the city. It is divided in five
administrative blocks, headed by the chief
Maurice Eyango Mandengue. The
neighborhood is densely populated with limited
access to running water, trash disposal,
electricity and drainage.
Timeline
2000 “Atelier Urbaines de Bessengué” (2000)
2002 “Bessengué city”
Typology:
– Monuments
Facts
1. Creation of the Development Committee of Bessengué
2. Two water pumps have been installed into the second and third blocks of the
Bessengué
3. with the fee from the rent of the Borne Fontaine shop (15.000 CFA for month)
the CDB can support the costs of small maintenance services
4. opened a new squared area between the bridge and the borne fontaine
5. the curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to midnight p.m.
Coordinates Douala Cameroon
Artist
Tracey Rose
Typology:
– Monuments
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
58. Les mots écrits de New Bell
Overview
Bessengué is a neighborhood of Douala
located between Akwa, the main commercial
centre of Douala, and Deido, an autochthon
residential area of the city. It is divided in five
administrative blocks, headed by the chief
Maurice Eyango Mandengue. The
neighborhood is densely populated with limited
access to running water, trash disposal,
electricity and drainage.
Timeline
2003 The Ministry of Culture invites Fernando Alvim to lead a
major exhibition project
2006 December-March 2007 Trienal de Luanda Edition I
2010 September-December Trienal de Luanda Edition II
Artworks:
Radio Bessengue (ephemeral)
Bouquet de souris (ephemeral)
Borne Fontaine (permanent)
The Passerelle (permanent)
Typology:
– Monuments
Facts
1. Creation of the Development Committee of Bessengué
2. Two water pumps have been installed into the second and third blocks of the
Bessengué
3. with the fee from the rent of the Borne Fontaine shop (15.000 CFA for month)
the CDB can support the costs of small maintenance services
4. opened a new squared area between the bridge and the borne fontaine
5. the curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to midnight p.m.
Coordinates Douala Cameroon
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
66. World Heritage
Heritage is our legacy from the past,
what we live with today,
and what we pass on to future generations.
Our cultural and natural heritage
are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.
http://whc.unesco.org/en/about/
67. Industrialisation/modernisation
Nationalism and collective nostalgia
Scientific and educative importance
Heritage is good economics
Artist and aesthetic value
Environmental diversity
Heritage as functional resource
Reasons to conserve the past
Source:Adapted from Timothy & Boyd, Heritage Tourism, 2003, p.88-93
68. Unesco
Global Heritage Fund
World Monuments Funds
ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites
European Union
Europa Nostra
Italy
FAI Fondo Ambiente Italiano (UK National Trust for Places of Historic
Interest or Natural Beauty)
Spain - France - Germany - Finland - Iran - South Africa - Namibia…
Definitions of Heritage
Definition of Heritage Scope/Mandate Support
(links)
Source
(law, convention, charter)
Keywords
21
69. The cultural heritage of the European Union is a rich and diverse mosaic of cultural and
creative expressions, our inheritance from previous generations of Europeans and our
legacy for those to come.
It includes natural, built and archaeological sites, museums; monuments, artworks; historic
cities; literary, musical, and audiovisual works, and the knowledge, practices and traditions
of European citizens.
Cultural heritage enriches the individual lives of citizens, is a driving force for the cultural
and creative sectors, and plays a role in creating and enhancing Europe's social capital.
It is also an important resource for economic growth, employment and social cohesion,
offering the potential to revitalise urban and rural areas and promote sustainable
tourism.
While policy in this area is primarily the responsibility of Member States, regional and
local authorities, the EU is committed to safeguarding and enhancing Europe's cultural
heritage through a number of policies and programmes.
Article 3.3 of the Lisbon Treaty 2007
“The Union shall respect its rich cultural and linguistic diversity, and [...] ensure that Europe’s
cultural heritage is safeguarded and enhanced”.
https://ec.europa.eu/culture/policy/culture-policies/cultural-heritage_en
European Union
70. World Heritage Convention Paris 1972
For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage”:
monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or
structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features,
which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;
groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their
architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value
from the point of view of history, art or science;
sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological
sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or
anthropological point of view.
For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "natural heritage”:
natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations,
which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view;
geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which
constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value
from the point of view of science or conservation;
natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point
of view of science, conservation or natural beauty.
71. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage is a UNESCO
treaty adopted by the UNESCO General Conference on 17 October 2003
Intangible cultural heritage is:
Traditional, contemporary and living at the same time: intangible cultural heritage
does not only represent inherited traditions from the past but also contemporary rural and urban
practices in which diverse cultural groups take part;
Inclusive: we may share expressions of intangible cultural heritage that are similar to those
practised by others.Whether they are from the neighbouring village, from a city on the opposite
side of the world, or have been adapted by peoples who have migrated and settled in a different
region, they all are intangible cultural heritage: they have been passed from one generation to
another, have evolved in response to their environments and they contribute to giving us a sense
of identity and continuity, providing a link from our past, through the present, and into our future.
Intangible cultural heritage does not give rise to questions of whether or not certain practices are
specific to a culture. It contributes to social cohesion, encouraging a sense of identity and
responsibility which helps individuals to feel part of one or different communities and to feel part
of society at large;
Representative: intangible cultural heritage is not merely valued as a cultural good, on a
comparative basis, for its exclusivity or its exceptional value. It thrives on its basis in communities
and depends on those whose knowledge of traditions, skills and customs are passed on to the rest
of the community, from generation to generation, or to other communities;
Community-based: intangible cultural heritage can only be heritage when it is recognized as
such by the communities, groups or individuals that create, maintain and transmit it – without their
recognition, nobody else can decide for them that a given expression or practice is their heritage.
https://ich.unesco.org/en/what-is-intangible-heritage-00003
72. To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of outstanding universal value and meet at least one
out of ten selection criteria
Selection criteria
(i) to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;
(ii) to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the
world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;
3. to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living
or which has disappeared;
4. to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape
which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;
5. to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is
representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has
become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;
(vi) to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with
artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion
should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);
(vii) to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic
importance;
8. to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life,
significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or
physiographic features;
9. to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the
evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of
plants and animals;
10. to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological
diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view
of science or conservation.
73. Convention for the Protection of the Cultural Property in the Event of
Armed Conflict (1954)
74. Concepts and As-is analysis
Critical analysis
Proposal
Estimated time 20 hours
1.The Concept of Heritage
2. Stakeholders
3. Copyleft and Wikipedia
4. Interpretations and Services
5.Target Groups
6. Implications of Heritage
7.Authenticity
8. Structure of a Proposal
9. Strengths / Weaknesses
10.Threats / Opportunities
Map a territory
Identify Heritage/Stakeholders
Identify Licenses/Sources
Identify Services
Analyze Target groups involved
Analyse Message(s) promoted
Identify Existing Gaps
Show Concept/Message/Target
Produce a SWOT
Describe Services
Lessons Assignment Competence
75. Assignment
Map a territory
Identify Heritage/Stakeholders
Identify Licenses/Sources
Identify Services
Analyze Target groups involved
Analyse Message(s) promoted
Identify Existing Gaps
Show Concept/Message/Target
Produce a SWOT
Describe Services
A personal research focusing on a specific territory. The research includes cultural mapping and as-is
analysis, critical analysis and personal proposal. 7500 words with slides.
Concepts and As-is analysis
Critical analysis
Proposal
AssignmentCompetence Expected Outcomes (format)
Area
Heritage
Services
Wikipedia
Legislation
Stakeholders
Target Groups
Message(s)
Gaps
Concept
SWOT
Heritage
New Services
Budget (excel)
76. Assignment
Map a territory
Identify Heritage/Stakeholders
Identify Licenses/Sources
Identify Services
Analyze Target groups involved
Analyse Message(s) promoted
Identify Existing Gaps
Show Concept/Message/Target
Produce a SWOT
Describe Services
A personal research focusing on a specific territory. The research includes cultural mapping and as-is
analysis, critical analysis and personal proposal. 7500 words with slides.
Assignment Expected Outcomes (format)
Area
Heritage
Services
Wikipedia
Legislation
Stakeholders
Target Groups
Message(s)
Gaps
Concept
SWOT
Heritage
New Services
Budget (excel)
Evaluation
Sufficient
At least 20 heritage
sites mapped and
described, plus the list.
At least 20 services
mapped and described.
All content produced
according to the
request. Up to 5
mistakes.
Good
No mistakes.
Excellent
No mistakes and depth
of the as-is analysis,
critical analysis and
proposal.
77. Assignment: Identify the territory you want to focus on
A place you care about
A place you want to visit
A place you already know well
A place where you want to work
A village, a city, a region, an existing administrative unit, a transnational area…
Map a territory
80. Types of heritage attractions
Source:Adapted from Timothy & Boyd, Heritage Tourism, 2003, p. 22 (adapted from Prentice 1994)
Natural history attractions
Scientific attractions
Manufacturing centres
Primary production attraction
Craft centres and workshops
Transportation attractions
Sociocultural attractions
Galleries
Performing arts attractions
Festivals and pageants
Religious attractions (including sacred places, pilgrimage, temples, churches, mosques, rivers,
grottoes, forests, mountains, cemeteries, points along spiritual routes)
Attractions associated with historic people
Military attractions (including battlefields, war graves, memorials, cemeteries)
Genocide monuments
Pleasure gardens
Theme parks
Villages and hamlets
Countryside and treasured landscapes
Towns and townscapes
Villages and hamlets
Seaside resorts and seascapes
Regions
Assignment: Map HeritageIdentify Heritage/Stakeholders
81. Titolo
Personal
National World
Local
Shared
heritage
Source:Adapted from Timothy & Boyd, Heritage Tourism, 2003, p. 14 (from Timothy 1997)
Different scales in linear tourist attractions (heritage trails such as slave routes)
Recognitions
Assignment: Map HeritageIdentify Heritage/Stakeholders
83. Example of your map
Assignment: Map HeritageIdentify Heritage/Stakeholders
84. Stakeholders Interests/Focus Resources
Possible benefits
from my proposal
Municipality
Supporting the image and
identity of the territory and its
community.
Facilitating tourism.
Fostering a positive
reputation of the
municipality.
Coordinating the work of
associations and volunteers.
Ownership of the
monuments…
Website of the city council.
Links with local associations
and the community.
Buildings (library, museum…)
TBD
Province
Ownership of the
monuments…
TBD
Region
Ownership of the
monuments…
TBD
FAI
Ownership of the
monuments…
Management of the
monuments…
TBD
Association XY
Ownership of the
monuments…
Management of the
monuments…
TBD
European Union Grant XY TBD
UNESCO
Monuments recognized as
word heritage…
TBD
Assignment: Map HeritageIdentify Heritage/Stakeholders