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OPTIMUM REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE BY STEEL SLAG AND FINE AGGREGATE BY WASTE GLASS POWDER
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OPTIMUM REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE BY STEEL SLAG AND FINE AGGREGATE BY WASTE GLASS POWDER
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 982 OPTIMUM REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE BY STEEL SLAG AND FINE AGGREGATE BY WASTE GLASS POWDER Md Rehan1, and Shreeja Kacker2 1M.tech Final Year Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, GNIOT, Greater Noida, U.P, India 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, GNIOT, Greater Noida, U.P, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Glass is one of the world's oldest and most commonly used materials. Glass has a fairly short shelf life in its current condition. Reusing this waste in construction materials is one alternative for safe environmental and economic disposal. The waste glass will be used to substitute fine aggregate in the following proportions: 0%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. This study will go over properties such as compressive strength. Another attempt was made to replace coarse aggregate with steel slag because there is a growing interest in using waste materials as alternative aggregate materials and significant research is being conducted on the use of many different materials as aggregate substitutes such as coal ash, blast furnace slag, and steel slag aggregate. By altering the quantity of steel slag, different concrete mixtures were created Steel slag is to be substituted for coarse aggregate in the following proportions: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%. Compressive strength of concrete to be reviewed, as well as another attempt at combined replacement by replacing both fine aggregate and coarse aggregate with waste glass powder and steel slag, while maintaining the optimum replacement of glass powder constant and varying the percentage replacement of steel slag with coarse aggregate in proportions of 0%,10%,20% up to 80%, and thus finding the combined optimum replacement of coarse and fine aggregates with steel slag and waste glass powder in terms of compressive strength of concrete. Key Words: Steel slag, Waste glass powder, compressive strength, Super plastisizer, Partial replacement, Combined replacement. 1. INTRODUCTION. Today, concrete is the most often utilised construction material. In all fields of modern construction, concrete has risen to the rank of a key building material. It's difficult to think of another construction material that is as versatile as concrete. When strength, durability, impermeability, fire resistance, and absorption resistance are necessary, concrete is the ideal material to use. Concrete is made from a combination of cement, sand, coarse material, and water. Today, global warming and environmental destruction have become obvious problems in recent years, and concern about environmental concerns, as well as a transition from the past's mass- waste, mass-consumption, and mass-production culture to a zero-emanation society, is regarded as crucial. Glass does not normally affect the environment since it does not emit pollutants, but it can hurt humans and animals if not handled safely, and it is less environmentally beneficial because it is non-biodegradable. As a result, the development of new technologies was necessary. Glass encompasses a wide range of chemical variations, including soda-lime silicate glass, alkali-silicate glass, and borosilicate glass. Steel slag might also be utilised as a partial substitute for coarse aggregate. By effectively using these by-products, which would otherwise be discarded, good environmental conditions will be achieved. Because of its mechanical strength, stiffness, porosity, wear resistance, and water absorption capacity, steel slag particles are already employed as aggregates in asphalt paving road mixtures. The feasibility of using steel slag as a replacement for traditional concrete is being researched. When compared to ordinary concrete, the test findings for workability levels and strength are also the same. 1.1 Literature Review Waste glass powder One of the oldest man-made materials is glass. It is made in a variety of forms, including packaging or container glass, flat glass, and bulb glass, all of which have a limited life in their manufactured forms and must be recycled to be reused in order to prevent environmental concerns caused by stockpiling or disposal in landfills. The building sector has demonstrated outstanding forms such as package or container glass, flat glass, and bulb glass, all of which have benefited from the recycling of industrial by- products and garbage, including waste glass resources. Quantities of waste glass have increased rapidly in recent decades due to rapid industrialization and significant improvements in living standards; however, the majority of these waste quantities are not recycled but rather abandoned, causing serious problems such as waste of natural resources and environmental pollution. Steel slag Aggregates account for around 70-75 percent of the overall volume of concrete. To fulfil the worldwide need for
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 983 concrete in the future, an alternative material in construction that may fully or partially replace natural aggregate without altering the properties of fresh and hardened concrete is required. The properties of aggregate have an impact on the durability and performance of concrete. 1.2 Objective 1. To investigate the compressive properties of a cube after 7 and 28 days of curing. 2. M40 grade concrete mix design with varying proportions of steel slag and waste glass powder replacement 3. To investigate the growth of concrete strength by the percentage replacement of glass powder with waste glass powder and steel slag. 4. To investigate the densities of concrete with varying percentages of glass powder and steel slag replacement. 5. Determine the best dose of glass powder and steel slag. 2. METHODOLOGY The Basic tests are performed on various materials such as OPC43 grade cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and steel slag to determine their acceptability for use in the production of concrete. Concrete mix proportions are altered to allow for the use of steel slag as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate and waste glass powder as fine aggregate replacement separately . The cubes were formed by substituting coarse aggregate with 0%, 10%, 20%,30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% steel slag, respectively. While 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% and 50% for fine aggregates replacement. Specimens are cast in accordance with the mix design, and tests are performed following appropriate curing. The tests are compressive strength of cubes (150mmx150mmx150mm), that are then compared to the conventional concrete. Fig 1: Methodology flow chart After determining the optimal replacement of coarse and fine aggregate, maintain the fine aggregate optimum replacement constant while altering the coarse aggregate replacement by 10% upto 80%. Following casting of cubes, curing and testing would take place. 3. TESTS ON MATERIALS AND ITS PROPERTIES The laboratory performed basic tests on cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and steel slag, and the results will be used in concrete mix design. 3.1 Cement Test Results Cement Used : ACC OPC 43 Grade
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 984 Table 1: Physical Tests on Cement 3.2 Test on fine aggregate Table 2: Physical Tests on Fine Aggregate Fine aggregate is defined as aggregate that passes through a 4.75 mm sieve. It is made from locally available river sand that is free of organic impurities. This inquiry makes use of sand that has passed through a 4.75 mm filter and has been kept on a 150 micron IS sieve. Before weighing and strivings, the sample must be brought to an air dry state. This can be accomplished by drying at room temperature or heating at a temperature of 100C to 110C. The air dry sample must be weighted and sieved sequentially on suitable sieves, beginning with the biggest. Before using the sieves, be certain that they are clean. 3.3 Coarse aggregate (CA) The main component of concrete is coarse aggregate. They provide body to the concrete, minimise shrinkage, and have an economic influence. One of the most critical aspects in generating workable concrete is a suitable gradation of coarse aggregate. In this experiment, the coarse material was crushed aggregate that had been passed through a 20mm IS filter. IS-383-1970 compliant aggregates were used. Crushed aggregate improves strength owing to angular particle interlocking, but spherical aggregate enhances flow because to lower internal friction. Long aggregates are undesirable. The basics test was conducted on the coarse aggregate in laboratory, the included Specific gravity test, water absorption test, bulk density test, fineness modulus test and etc are conducted before going to design a mix proportion and result shows ion Table 3 Table 3: Physical Tests on Coarse Aggregate SN Test Conducted Results 1 Type Crushed 2 Specific Gravity 2.73 3 Bulk Density 1813.12 kg/m 3 4 Fineness Modulus 7.208 5 Water absorption 0.5% 3.4 Waste glass powder Glass powder is made from waste glass collected from Gurugram retailers. Glass waste is a durable material. Glass powder must be pulverised to the right size before being mixed into concrete. Glass powder crushed in a ball for 30 to 60 minutes produced particle sizes smaller than 4.75mm in this study. 3.5 Steel slag This recipe calls for basic oxygen furnace slag from Jindal Steel Works Pvt. Ltd. in Sandur Village, Bellary District, Karnataka, India. Fluxes (limestone and/or dolomite) are used as fuel in blast furnaces together with coke in the production of iron and steel. Carbon monoxide is created when coke is burnt, converting iron ore to molten iron product. Fluxing agents remove impurities, and slag is generated during the separation of molten steel. Although almost all steel slag’s are air-cooled, contemporary slag manufacturing technology cannot always offer quick cooling, which might affect slag quality. As a result, it is not always appropriate for future use, which is why quality monitoring of steel slag manufacturing is required (Cerjan et al 1995, National Slag Association 1982). Due to their high density, steel slags have long been employed as protective armour stones for rivers, sea and coastal erosion schemes, and different land reclamation projects, yet a certain percentage of generated SN Test Conducted on cement Result IS 8112 Requirement 1 Normal Consistency 34% - 2 Specific gravity 3.15 3 Initial setting time 35 Min Shall not be less than 30 min 4 Final setting time 320 Min Shall not be greater than 600 min SN Test Conducted on Fine aggregates Result IS Recommendations 1 Fineness Modulus 2.52 Zone II (IS383-1970) 2 Specific gravity 2.68 3 Water Absorption 1% Shall not exceed 3% (BS 812-2)
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 985 steel slag is still discharged (National Slag Association 1982). The primary issue with steel slag aggregate is its expansive nature and unfavourable reactivity. The Characteristics of Steel slags are following. 1. Lighter in weight than the majority of natural aggregates 2. Transport Cost Savings 3. Volume per truckload decreased CO2 emissions > Fewer delivered truckloads 4. Increased Friction Asphalt Blends 5. Increased Stability (Less Rutting) 6. High inertial friction angle 7. Excellent Aggregate Base Because of Stability Physical test on steel slag Specific gravity : 3.14 Water absorption : 0.11 3.6Water used For concreting and curing specimens, portable drinking water with a pH of 7 and according to IS 456-2000 is used. 3.7 Superplastisizer It is a powerful water reducing agent in concrete agent in concrete. The superplastisizer used to reduced water 20%- 30% hence avoid bleeding in concrete. 4 MIX DESIGN AND IT’S PROPORTION 4.1 General introduction The recently issued Bureau of Standards (BIS) amended code on "Concrete Mix Proportioning-Guidelines" IS 10262-2019 brings relief to many construction industry stakeholders, notably those involved in concrete manufacturing. Previously, the fourth edition of IS 456, published in 2000, was a small stumbling point in the code of practise for "Plain and reinforced concrete." Aligning IS 10262 and IS 456 in terms of concrete producing materials, minimum cement content, minimum water cement ratio, and minimum grade of concrete for various exposure scenarios satisfies the need to align these two standards. The new standard is applicable to ordinary and standard concrete grades (as defined in IS 456- 2000). The code has been updated to suit current water content and coarse aggregate proportioning practices in concrete mixes. The mix mix design were carried out according to specified code book andobtained results obtained given below Table 4 Mix Ratio proportion Water Cement Fine aggregate Coarse Aggregate 171 liters 400kg 799kg 1110 kg 0.40 1 2 2.77 CEMENT: SAND: AGGREGATE = 1:2:2.77 4 CASTING, CURING AND TESTING OF CONCRETE 5.1 Casting of cubes Cubes are cast using moulds measuring 150mm x 150mm x 150mm. The moulds have been cleaned, but the corners have been oiled. All interior surfaces receive one layer of cutting oil Fig. 2 Casting of cubes The moulds are filled in three layers, with each layer around one-third the depth of the mould. Every layer is compressed by applying 25 blows with a tamping rod equally throughout the whole cross section for members. The top surface of the moulds is levelled and left for 24 hours after filling and compacting them. The cubes, cylinders, and prism are then taken from the mould and kept for the requisite curing period. The water should be pure and free of impurities. The water should be changed every three days to attain the best benefits.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 986 5.2 Curing of cubes The cubes were cured in a water container filled with fresh, drinkable water that was devoid of any pollutants. After the curing period is through, all of the specimens should be removed and dried for one day, because optimal results need thorough drying. Before the test, the specimens' surfaces should be cleaned using a compression testing machine (CTM) and a universal testing machine (UTM). Fig.. 3 Curing of concrete The compressive strength of concrete is one of its most important characteristics. Concrete is designed to resist compressive stress in most structural applications. The compressive strength of regular concrete cubes and concrete cubes with a fraction of Waste Glass was investigated in this study. The cubes are tested in a 3000 KN compression - testing machine. The weight was applied to the cube in such a way that the cube's two opposing faces were crushed. The force at which the control specimens fracture is recorded. The compressive strength is computed as the average of 3 cubes. Compressive strength is estimated by dividing the load by the area of the specimen. 5.3 Compressive strength test Among the most important characteristics of concrete is its compressive strength. Concrete is designed to withstand compressive stress in most structural applications. In this study. The compressive strength of ordinary concrete cubes and concrete cubes containing a fraction of Waste Glass was investigated. The cubes are put through their paces on a 3000KN compressive testing machine. The weight was applied to the cube in such a way that the two opposing sides of the cube were crushed. It is documented at what load the control specimens fail. Fig. 4 Performing the compressive test on cubes in compression testing machine The average of three cubes is used to calculate compressive strength. The compressive strength of a specimen is estimated by dividing the load by the area of the specimen. Table 4 Glass replacement compressive strength for Seven days SN % of Glass Load(KN) Compressive Strength 1 0 593.87 26.39 2 10 665.15 29.56 3 20 723.30 32.15 4 25 669.33 29.74 4 30 605.67 26.91 5 40 548.36 24.37 6 50 449.75 19.98
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 987 Table 5 Steel Slag replacement compressive strength for Seven days Table 6 Combined Replacement cubes compressive strength for Seven Days SN % of Slag % of Glass Load(KN) C/S 1 0 20 732 32.54 2 10 20 746 33.17 3 20 20 758 33.70 4 30 20 779 34.63 5 40 20 793 35.26 6 50 20 807 35.85 7 60 20 747 33.23 8 70 20 700 31.14 9 80 20 607 26.98 Table 7 Combined Replacement cubes compressive strength for 28 Days SN % of Slag % of Glass Load(KN) Compressive strength 1 0 20 920 40.91 2 10 20 959 42.63 3 20 20 988 43.92 4 30 20 1002 44.54 5 40 20 1010 44.91 6 50 20 1025 45.57 7 60 20 960 42.69 8 70 20 905 40.23 9 80 20 785 34.91 6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6.1 Graph representation of Compressive Strength of cubes Graph 1 Seven days compressive strength for Waste glass powder Graph 1 show the effect of replacing fine particles with waste glass powder on hardened concrete properties such as compressive strength. It is found that the compressive strength of seven days cubes improves initially up to 20% replacement, but as we increase the replacement by glass powder after 20%, the compressive strength decreases. As a result, we discovered that the ideal proportion of glass waste powder replacement with fine particles in concrete mix is 20%. Graph 2. Seven days compressive strength for Steel slag replacement 0 10 20 25 30 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 20 40 60 Compressive Strength ( N/mm2) Percentage of replacement(WGP) Compressive strength of cubes for WGP Replacement (7 days Curing) Series1 Series2 0 10 20 30 40 0 50 100 Compressive Strength (N/mm2) Percentage of replacement(Steel Slag) Compressive strength of cubes for Steel Slag Replacement (7days Curing) Series1 SN % of Steel Slag Load(KN) Compressive Strength 1 0 593.87 26.39 2 10 615.40 27.35 3 20 698.07 31.02 4 30 719.00 31.95 5 40 754.00 33.51 6 50 767.33 34.10 7 60 779.00 34.62 8 70 662.66 29.45 9 80 543.00 24.13
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 988 Above graph 2 shows that the individual replacement of coarse aggregates with steel slag at different replacement i.e. 0% (Convential Concrete), 10%,20%,30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and upto 90%. The compressive strength test was carried out on seven days cubes and the results suggest that the strength of concrete initially increasing upto 60% replacement after that strength gets decreases. Based on the results obtained the optimum replacement of coarse aggregates with steel slag in concrete mix is 60% Hence, We observed that optimum percentage of Steel slag replacement with Coarse aggregates in concrete mix is 60%. Graph 3 Seven days compressive strength for combined replacement Graph 4 28 days compressive strength for combined replacement Above Graph 3 & Graph 4 Shows that the optimum percentage of replacement of steel slag in concrete at 7 and 28-days compressive strength is 50% with 20% replacement of glass powder. The test was performed on (54+51) cubes with varying percentage replacement, and the final output results are shown in Tables 4-7. On behalf of table data graphs have been plotted between percentage of replacement and compressive strength. Its suggest that the initially strength gain and after some replacement it decreases down. 6.2 Comparison Graph 5 Comparison graph between 7days and 28 days compressive strength Above 5 shows that comparison between 7 days 28 days compressive strength for combined replacement. Where, [Graph 8.5 Series 1 7 day C/s, Series 2 – 28 day C/s] The inclusion of waste glass content in the concrete mix enhances the compressive strength of the mix with 20% waste glass powder, according to the results of the tests. When concrete mixes containing 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% waste glass powder are used, the compressive strength increases by 21.82 percent when compared to the standard mix.On 7 days of testing, the optimal replacement of steel slag as coarse aggregate is 60%. While compressive strength increased by 31.18 percent when compared to the standard mix. Furthermore, the test was conducted on combined replacement while maintaining fine aggregate replacement constant at 20% and altering steel slag as coarse aggregate replacement in the sequence of 0%,20% upto ,80%. Furthermore, the test results indicate that the best percentage for mixed replacement while preserving 20% waste glass powder is 50%, while the optimum percentage for coarse aggregate replacement is 50%. 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 50 100 Compressive Strength (N/mm2) Percentage of replacement(Steel Slag) 28 days C/s for combined replacement Series1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 50 100 Compressive Strength (N/mm2) Percentage of replacement(Steel Slag) 28 days C/s for combined replacement Series1 80, 26.98 80, 34.91 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 20 40 60 80 100 Compressive Strength (N/mm2) Percentage of steel slag 7 days and 28 days compressive strength comparsion
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 989 7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 7.1 Summary The primary purpose of this study is to look at the effects of waste glass and steel slag content on the properties of concrete mixes when used as a partial substitute for fine and coarse aggregates, respectively. This aim was achieved by determining the effects of adding waste glass powder and steel slag on the fresh characteristics of concrete mixes, as well as researching the effects on the hardened concrete properties. Choosing the best waste glass and steel slag content to employ as a partial replacement within the concrete mix, focusing on concrete mixes with optimal waste glass and steel slag contents by measuring their compressive strength. These goals were met by performing a conventional series of compressive strength tests. The output outcomes of this laboratory programme demonstrated credible data points and future study objectives. After putting in the effort, obtained the following results: optimal replacement of fine aggregate with waste glass powder, optimal replacement of coarse aggregate with steel slag, and optimal percentage of combined replacement of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate, which were discussed in the conclusion section. 7.2 Conclusion The research findings may lead to the following conclusions, which are summarised below. 1) There is a 21.82 percent improvement in compressive strength for concrete mixes containing 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% waste glass powder as compared to conventional concrete mixes after 7 days of curing. 2) There is a fall in compressive strength in concrete mixtures containing 30%, 40%, and 50% waste glass powder. GP mix concrete for a 7-day curing period. 3) For 7 days curing of concrete, concrete mixes containing 10%, 20%, 30%,... up to 80% steel slag have a 31% improvement in compressive strength when compared to standard concrete mixes. 4) There is a reduction in compressive strength in concrete mixes containing more than 60% steel slag as coarse particles. 5) The combined replacement for steel slag found best at 50 percent while maintaining waste glass powder constant throughout 20 percent and varied steel slag as a coarse aggregates partial replacement. 6) The density of concrete reduces as the proportion of glass powder increases. 7) The use of recyclable waste glass in concrete reduces building costs. 8) This substance can lessen the environmental consequences of trash and the maximum quantity of sand mining. 7.3 Scope for future study 1) Study of mechanical properties of concrete like flexural strength & split tensile strength. 2) In a concrete pavement research, coarse particles were replaced with steel slag. 3) Investigation of the fresh characteristics of concrete after the substitution of glass powder and steel slag. 4) The investigation of the environmental impacts of such waste generated (Glass and Steel slag) 5) Data collection, such as slag waste created by steel plants. 6) Combined replacement of Coarse Aggregate and Fine Aggregate with keeping Coarse aggregate replacement constant. 7) Study of compressive strength with different grade of concrete mix 8) Study of compressive strength with different water cement ratio 9) Use of glass powder as replacement of cement and study of pozzolanic property 10) Glass powder and steel slag replacement to study the fresh concrete properties ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to our director, Dr Dhiraj Gupta whose presence as the head of the institute provided me with a very tranquil atmosphere and inspiration, resulting in the timely completion of this Project. We are grateful to Dr. Rajesh Sharma, our esteemed Head of Department, for his inspiration, appreciation, and cooperation throughout the Project.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 990 We have the tremendous honour and huge pleasure of expressing our heartfelt thanks to our project leader Prof. Shreeja Kacker for his advice and assistance in all Mages of this Project. She takes her time going through the books and providing the valuables. Her cooperation and efforts aided us in finishing on time; it was a very pleasant and rewarding experience working under her supervision. We gratefully thank all other staff members and non-teaching employees for their assistance in completing this Project effectively. Last but not least, I'd like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my beloved Mother and my deceased father(who died last December ‘May Almighty Grant him the highest level in the heaven’), for their significant roles in my life and their innumerable sacrifices for me and my siblings. Many thanks to my brothers for their help and for being true brothers when I needed it the most. REFRENCES 1. Ravikumar H, Dr. J.K. Dattatreya and Dr. K.P Shivananda. “Experimental Investigation on Replacement of Steel Slag as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete” Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Technology ISSN : 2349-8404; Online ISSN : 2349-879X; Volume 2, Number 11 (2015) : 58 – 63 2. Zahid Rasool Bhat, Abhishek Gupta and Girish Gharma. “Effect of Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in M35 Grade of Concrete” International Journal of Engineering and Techniques - Volume 4 Issue 3, (2018). 3. S. Piraimathi. “A study on concrete properties using steel slag as partial replacement of coarse aggregate” Global journal of engineering science and researches ISSN 2348 – 8034 (2017) 4. G.C.Behrera and R.K. Behera. “A study on properties of self compacting concrete with slag as coarse aggregate” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e- ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 01 (2016) 5. K.Thangaselvi. “ Strength and Durability of Concrete Using Steel Slag as a Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete” International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology (IJARTET) Vol. 2, Issue 7 (2015) 6. R. Rajendran. M. E.Mubarak Ali, P.Nagendran, T. Subash and D. Vasudevan. “An Experimental Study on M30 Grade Concrete by Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate as Steel Slag and Fine Aggregate as Crumb Rubber” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 (2018). 7. Dr. K. Chinnaraju, V.R. Ramkumar, K. Lineesh, S. Nithya, and V. Sathish. “Study on concrete using steel slag as coarse aggregate replacement and ecosand as fine aggregate replacement” IJREAT International Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 1, Issue 3,( 2013) ISSN: 2320 – 8791 8. Nandini Suri. “Experimental investigations on partial replacement of steel slag as coarse aggregates and eco sand as fine aggregate” International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 5, (2016), pp. 322–328. 9. Mr. Yogesh Sharad Vatkar and Mr. Vaibhav Khanderao Kamble. “Utilization of Crushed Waste Glass Powder as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates in Concrete” International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing ISSN 2321 3361 (2021). 10. Vijaykumar G. Sawant. “Experimental Investigation of Waste Glass Powder as the Partial Replacement of Sand in Making Concrete” IRE Journals Volume 1 Issue 11 ISSN: 2456-8880 (2018). 11. J.Premalatha and R.Srinivasan. “Properties of Concrete with Waste Glass Powder (Gp) as Fine Aggregate Replacement” International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8, Issue-2S11, September 2019 12. Suraj P Mishra , Kalpana D Thakur, Vicky N Gupta Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Glass Powder in Concrete International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278 0181 (Vol. 9 Issue 02, February-2020) 13. Sarfaraz Nawaz Kittur, Md Nayeemuddin Ahmed, Rahimansab Kushtagi, Vinod Patagar and Vidyadhar.N. “partial replacement of fine aggregate by waste glass powder in concrete” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 07 p-ISSN: 2395-0072 (2019). 14. IS 10262: 2019 Concrete mix proportioning- guidelines (Second Revision)
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 991 15. IS 456 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete –Code for Practice (Fourth revision) 2007 16. “Solid Waste Management” United nation environment programme. 17. M.S.Shetty, “CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY” Theory and Practice..[11] I000 18. M L Gambhir “Concrete Technology” Theory and Practice Fifth Edition 2013 Magraw Hill Education private limited. BIOGRAPHIES Md Rehan, M.tech (Civil) Final Year Student, GNIOT, Greater Noida. I’ve completed my B.E in civil from VTU Belagavi in 2017 and have worked in the construction sector for over 4 years. Ms. Shreeja Kacker, has completed her M.E in Structures from BIT Mesra, Ranchi in 2015 and has more than 6 years of industrial as well as academic experience. She is currently working as an Assistant Professor in GNIOT, Greater Noida and is pursuing her PhD from Jamia Millia Islamia.
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