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Ageing and the Mitochondria
Strategies and Answers
Jacine Greenwood
Founder of Roccoco
Founder of Educated Therapists
International Speaker
Mother of 3 Beautiful Children
Passion - Skin
Outline
• Why ATP is critical for looking young.
• The energy cycle and what happens
• ATP and the decline with aging.
• How to increase ATP topically
• Which vitamins enhance ATP production
• LED and Microcurrent.
ENERGY = MITOCHONDRIA
Why ATP is critical for looking young
ATP – The energy cycle
ATP + H2O = ADP + Pi + H+ + energy + heat.
THE ENERGY CYCLE
Vitamin Supplementation
Some authors have recommended the following:
25-150mg of the "basic Bs" - B1, B2, B3, B5, B6;
300-10,000mcg biotin
100-1,000mcg B12
400-2,000mcg folic acid
Magnesium 400-800mg daily
Alpha Lipoic Acid
Carnitine
NADH
Coming soon.......$29 per month
Membership to the most up to date skin and
business strategies.
For more info:
www.educatedtherapists.com
References
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Atp and mitochondria

  • 1. Ageing and the Mitochondria Strategies and Answers
  • 2. Jacine Greenwood Founder of Roccoco Founder of Educated Therapists International Speaker Mother of 3 Beautiful Children Passion - Skin
  • 3. Outline • Why ATP is critical for looking young. • The energy cycle and what happens • ATP and the decline with aging. • How to increase ATP topically • Which vitamins enhance ATP production • LED and Microcurrent.
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  • 11. Why ATP is critical for looking young
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  • 14. ATP – The energy cycle ATP + H2O = ADP + Pi + H+ + energy + heat.
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  • 19. Vitamin Supplementation Some authors have recommended the following: 25-150mg of the "basic Bs" - B1, B2, B3, B5, B6; 300-10,000mcg biotin 100-1,000mcg B12 400-2,000mcg folic acid Magnesium 400-800mg daily Alpha Lipoic Acid Carnitine NADH
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  • 22. Coming soon.......$29 per month Membership to the most up to date skin and business strategies. For more info: www.educatedtherapists.com
  • 23. References Goldstein S, Moerman EJ, Porter K. High-voltage electron microscopy of human diploid fibroblasts during ageing in vitro. Morpho-metric analysis of mitochondria. Exp Cell Res. 1984;154:101–111 Brantova O, Tesarova M, Hansikova H, et al. Ultrastructural changesof mitochondria in the cultivated skin fibroblasts of patients with point mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Ultrastruct Pathol 2006;30:239–245. Feldman D, Bryce GF, Shapiro SS. Mitochondrial inclusions in keratinocytes of hairless mouse skin exposed to UVB radiation. J Cutan Pathol. 1990;17:96–100. Guillery O, Malka F, Frachon P, et al. Modulation of mitochondrial morphology by bioenergetics defects in primary human fibroblasts. Neuromuscul Disord. 2008;18:319–330.
  • 24. Lazarou M, McKenzie M, Ohtake A, Thorburn DR, Ryan MT. Analysis of the assembly profiles for mitochondrial and nuclear DNA encoded subunits into complex. Mol Cell Biol. 2007;27:4228–4237. Papa S. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation changes in the life span. Molecular aspects and physiopathological implications. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996;1276:87–105. Zwerschke W, Mazurek S, Stockl P, et al. Metabolic analysis of senescent human fibroblasts reveals a role for AMP in cellular senescence. Biochem J. 2003;376:403–411. Sugrue MM, Tatton WG. Mitochondrial membrane potential in aging cells. Biol Signals Recept. 2001;10:176–188. McLennan HR, Degli Esposti M. The contribution of mitochondrial respiratory complexes to the production of reactive oxygen species. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2000;32:153–162.
  • 25. Crane FL. Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20:591–598. Lopez-Lluch G, Barroso MP, Martin SF, et al. Role of plasma membrane coenzyme Q on the regulation of apoptosis. Biofactors. 1999;9:171–177. Mellors A, Tappel AL. The inhibition of mitochondrial peroxidation by ubiquinone and ubiquinol. J Biol Chem. 1966; 241:4353–4356. Meyer LE, Machado LB, Santiago AP, et al. Mitochondrial creatine kinase activity prevents reactive oxygen species generation: Antioxidant role of mitochondrial kinase-dependent ADP re-cycling activity. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:37361–37371. Lenz H, Schmidt M, Welge V, et al. Inhibition of cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinase by siRNA in HaCaT- and HeLaS3-cells affects cell viability and mitochondrial morphology. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007;306:153–162.
  • 26. Ponticos M, Lu QL, Morgan JE, et al. Dual regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase provides a novel mechanism for the control of creatine kinase in skeletal muscle. EMBO J. 1998;17:1688–1699. Hornig-Do HT, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Lanz K, et al. Human epidermal keratinocytes accumulate superoxide due to low activity of Mn-SOD, leading to mitochondrial functional impairment. J Invest Dermatol. 2007;127:1084–1093. Dzeja PP, Terzic A. Phosphotransfer networks and cellular energetics. J Exp Biol. 2003;206:2039–2047. Bessman SP, Carpenter CL. The creatine-creatine phosphate energy shuttle. Annu Rev Biochem. 1985;54:831–862. Blatt T, Lenz H, Koop U, et al. Stimulation of skin’s energy metabolism provides multiple benefits for mature human skin. Biofactors. 2005;25:179-185.
  • 27. Birch-Machin MA. The role of mitochondria in ageing and carcinogenesis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006;31:548–552. Jendrach M, Pohl S, Voth M, et al. Morpho-dynamic changes of mitochondria during ageing of human endothelial cells. Mech Ageing Dev. 2005;126:813–821. Hansford RG. Bioenergetics in aging. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983;726:41–80. Frei B, Kim MC, Ames BN. Ubiquinol-10 is an effective lipid-soluble antioxidant at physiological concentrations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990;87:4879–4883. Lass A, Kwong L, Sohal RS. Mitochondrial coenzyme Q content and aging. Biofactors. 1999;9:199–205. Hoppe U, Bergemann J, Diembeck W, et al. Coenzyme Q10, a cutaneous antioxidant and energizer. Biofactors. 1999;9:371–378.
  • 28. Crayhon, R. The Carnitine Miracle. NYC: M. Evans, 1998 Leibovitz, B. & Mueller, J. (1993) “Carnitine” J Opt Nutr 2: 90-119. Siliprandi, N. et al (1990) “Metabolic changes induced by maximal exercise in human subjects following l-carnitine administration” Biochim Biophys Acta 1034: 17-21. Birkmayer, G. NADH – The Energizing Coenzyme. New Canaan: Keats. 1998. Berneburg M, Gremmel T, Kurten V, et al. Creatine supplementation normalizes mutagenesis of mitochondrial DNA as well as functional consequences. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125:213–220. Wolber R, Stab F, Max H, et al. Alpha-glucosylrutin, a highly effective flavonoid for protection against oxidative stress. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2004;2:580–587.
  • 29. Lu CY, Lee HC, Fahn HJ, Wei YH. Oxidative damage elicited by imbalance of free radical scavenging enzymes is associated with large-scale mtDNA deletions in aging human skin. Mutat Res. 1999;423:11–21. . Berneburg M, Grether-Beck S, Kurten V, et al. Singlet oxygen mediates the UVA-induced generation of the photoaging-associated mitochondrial common deletion. J Biol Chem.1999;274:15345–1534 Hipkiss AR. Does chronic glycolysis accelerate aging? Could this explain how dietary restriction works? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006; 1067:361–368 Alikhani Z, Alikhani M, Boyd CM, et al. Advanced glycation end products enhance expression of pro-apoptotic genes and stimulate fibroblast apoptosis through cytoplasmic and mitochondrial path- ways. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:12087–12095.
  • 30. . Eshaghian A, Vleugels RA, Canter JA, et al. Mitochondrial DNA deletions serve as biomarkers of aging in the skin, but are typically absent in nonmelanoma skin cancers. J Invest Dermatol. 2006;126:336–344. Schroeder P, Gremmel T, Berneburg M, Krutmann J. Partial depletion of mitochondrial DNA from human skin fibroblasts induces a gene expression profile reminiscent of photoaged skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2008;128:2297–2303. Berneburg M, Plettenberg H, Medve-Konig K, et al. Induction of the photoaging-associated mitochondrial common deletion in vivo in normal human skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122:1277–1283. Yang JH, Lee HC, Wei YH. Photoageing-associated mitochondrial DNA length mutations in human skin. Arch Dermatol Res. 1995;287:641–648.
  • 31. Wei YH, Lu CY, Wei CY, Ma YS, Lee HC. Oxidative stress in human Aging and mitochondrial disease-consequences of defective mitochondrial respiration and impaired antioxidant enzyme system.Chin J Physiol. 2001;44:1–11. Cadenas E, Davies KJ. Mitochondrial free radical generation, oxidative stress, and aging. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000;29:222–230. Droge W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function.Physiol Rev. 2002;82:47–95.