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Chapter 12
   Section 1
The Industrial Revolution
           In
      Great Britain
I.    The Industrial Revolution in
      Great Britain.
     a. The Industrial Revolution began
        in Great Britain in the 1780s for
        several reasons.
     b. Improved farming methods and
        increased food supply were two
        main reasons.
     c. Enclosure movement.
12.1 powerpoint
d. Britain had a ready supply of capital.
  i. Entrepreneurs will look for ways to
     invest their capital.
e. In the 18th century Britain had been
   the leader in cotton goods
   production.
  i. Cottage industry- two step process of
     spinning and weaving done by
     individuals in their homes.
f.   A series of inventions made both
     weaving and spinning faster.
        i. Flying shuttle
        ii. Spinning jenny
        iii. Water-powered loom
g. The cotton industry became
   even more productive after
   James Watt improved the
   steam engine.
     i. Steam power would be used
         to spin and weave cotton.
     ii. Cotton mills no longer had to
         be located near water.
12.1 powerpoint
12.1 powerpoint
h. By 1840 cotton cloth was Britain’s
   most valuable product. Its cotton
   was sold all over the world.
i. The use of the steam engine
   enabled the coal industry to expand.
  i. Coal also transformed the iron
     industry.
    1. By 1852 Britain was producing 3 Million
       tons of iron annually.
ii. Railroads became crucial to the
    Industrial Revolution. They were
    an efficient way to move
    resources and goods.
    1. The first R.R. was slow, but will
       develop rapidly.
    2. The Rocket- pulled a 40 ton train at
       16 miles per hour.
j. Within 20 years trains were going
   50 miles per hour.
      i. By 1850 G.B. had 6,000 miles of track.
      ii. Trains were less expensive
           transportation which lowered the price
           of goods and made for larger markets.
      iii. More sales meant more demand, which
           means more factories and machines.
      iv. This created an ongoing cycle of
           economic growth.
k. The factory created a new kind
   of labor system.
 i. To keep machines going
     constantly, workers had to work
     in shifts.
 ii. Factory owners trained the rural
     laborers to work the same hours
     each day and to do repetitive
     work.
II. The Spread of Industrialization.
  a. Britain became the world’s greatest
     industrial nation.
    i.   It produced one-half of the world’s cotton
         goods and coal.
  b. The Industrial Revolution spread to
     other parts of the world at different
     speeds.
    i.   Belgium, France, and Germany were the
         first to industrialize, principally because
         their governments built infrastructure
         such as canals and railroads.
c. The Industrial Revolution hit the United
   States.
  i. In 1800 6 of 7 American workers were
      farmers.
  ii. By 1860 1 of every 2 was farmers.
d. The large U.S. needed a
   transportation system, miles of roads
   and canals were built.
  i. Robert Fulton built the first paddle-wheel
      steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807.
  ii. By 1860 thousands of these boats were
      on river, lakes, and even the ocean.
12.1 powerpoint
e. The R.R. was the most important
   transportation development.
     i.   America had fewer than 100 miles of track in
          1830.
     ii. By 1860 it had about 30,000 miles of track.
     iii. The R.R. turned the U.S. into a massive market.


f.    Labor for the growing factories came from
      the farm population.
     i.  Many of the new factory workers were women,
         who made up about 80 percent of the textile
         workers.
     ii. Factory owners sometimes had whole families
         work for them.
III. Social Impact in Europe.
  a. The Industrial Revolution spurred the
     growth of cities and created two new
     social classes; the industrial middle
     class and the industrial working class.
  b. Europe population nearly doubled
     from 1750-1850 to 266 million.
    i.  Chief reason was a decline in death and
        disease.
    ii. The increased food supply fed the
        people better, and famine largely
        disappeared from Western Europe.
c. People moved to the cities from the
   country to find work.
  i. London’s population increased from 1
      million in 1800 to 2.4 million in 1850.
  ii. Nine British cities had populations over
      100,000 in 1850.
d. People in cities had to deal with
   miserable conditions.
  i. Social reformers called for cleaning up of
     the cities.
e. Industrial Capitalism- an economic
   system based on industrial
   production.
  i. This capitalism produced the
     industrial middle class.
    1. It was made up of the people who built
       the factories, bought the machines, and
       figured out where the markets were.
f. Industrial workers faced horrible
   working conditions with hours
   ranging from 12-16 hours a day,
   six days a week.
  i. No one had security on the job, and
      there was no minimum wage.
  ii. The hot temperatures in the cotton
      mills were especially harmful.
g. In Britain women and children made
   up 2/3 of the cotton industry’s
   workforce.
  i. The Factory Act of 1833 set 9 as
       minimum age to work.
  ii. Children from ages 9-13 could work only
       8 hours a day.
  iii. Children from ages 13-18 could only work
       12 hours.
h. Women took more and more of
   the textile industry jobs.
 i. They were unskilled and were paid
     half or less than the men.
 ii. Excessive working hours for women
     were outlawed in 1844.
i. Married Men were now expected to
   support the family, and married
   women were to take care of the home
   and perform low-paying jobs in the
   home.
j. The horrible conditions for workers in
   the Industrial Revolution led to a
   movement called socialism.
k. Early socialism was based on the
   ideas of equality for all people.
  i. Later socialists like Karl Marx believed in
     utopian socialists.

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12.1 powerpoint

  • 1. Chapter 12 Section 1 The Industrial Revolution In Great Britain
  • 2. I. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. a. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1780s for several reasons. b. Improved farming methods and increased food supply were two main reasons. c. Enclosure movement.
  • 4. d. Britain had a ready supply of capital. i. Entrepreneurs will look for ways to invest their capital. e. In the 18th century Britain had been the leader in cotton goods production. i. Cottage industry- two step process of spinning and weaving done by individuals in their homes.
  • 5. f. A series of inventions made both weaving and spinning faster. i. Flying shuttle ii. Spinning jenny iii. Water-powered loom
  • 6. g. The cotton industry became even more productive after James Watt improved the steam engine. i. Steam power would be used to spin and weave cotton. ii. Cotton mills no longer had to be located near water.
  • 9. h. By 1840 cotton cloth was Britain’s most valuable product. Its cotton was sold all over the world. i. The use of the steam engine enabled the coal industry to expand. i. Coal also transformed the iron industry. 1. By 1852 Britain was producing 3 Million tons of iron annually.
  • 10. ii. Railroads became crucial to the Industrial Revolution. They were an efficient way to move resources and goods. 1. The first R.R. was slow, but will develop rapidly. 2. The Rocket- pulled a 40 ton train at 16 miles per hour.
  • 11. j. Within 20 years trains were going 50 miles per hour. i. By 1850 G.B. had 6,000 miles of track. ii. Trains were less expensive transportation which lowered the price of goods and made for larger markets. iii. More sales meant more demand, which means more factories and machines. iv. This created an ongoing cycle of economic growth.
  • 12. k. The factory created a new kind of labor system. i. To keep machines going constantly, workers had to work in shifts. ii. Factory owners trained the rural laborers to work the same hours each day and to do repetitive work.
  • 13. II. The Spread of Industrialization. a. Britain became the world’s greatest industrial nation. i. It produced one-half of the world’s cotton goods and coal. b. The Industrial Revolution spread to other parts of the world at different speeds. i. Belgium, France, and Germany were the first to industrialize, principally because their governments built infrastructure such as canals and railroads.
  • 14. c. The Industrial Revolution hit the United States. i. In 1800 6 of 7 American workers were farmers. ii. By 1860 1 of every 2 was farmers. d. The large U.S. needed a transportation system, miles of roads and canals were built. i. Robert Fulton built the first paddle-wheel steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807. ii. By 1860 thousands of these boats were on river, lakes, and even the ocean.
  • 16. e. The R.R. was the most important transportation development. i. America had fewer than 100 miles of track in 1830. ii. By 1860 it had about 30,000 miles of track. iii. The R.R. turned the U.S. into a massive market. f. Labor for the growing factories came from the farm population. i. Many of the new factory workers were women, who made up about 80 percent of the textile workers. ii. Factory owners sometimes had whole families work for them.
  • 17. III. Social Impact in Europe. a. The Industrial Revolution spurred the growth of cities and created two new social classes; the industrial middle class and the industrial working class. b. Europe population nearly doubled from 1750-1850 to 266 million. i. Chief reason was a decline in death and disease. ii. The increased food supply fed the people better, and famine largely disappeared from Western Europe.
  • 18. c. People moved to the cities from the country to find work. i. London’s population increased from 1 million in 1800 to 2.4 million in 1850. ii. Nine British cities had populations over 100,000 in 1850. d. People in cities had to deal with miserable conditions. i. Social reformers called for cleaning up of the cities.
  • 19. e. Industrial Capitalism- an economic system based on industrial production. i. This capitalism produced the industrial middle class. 1. It was made up of the people who built the factories, bought the machines, and figured out where the markets were.
  • 20. f. Industrial workers faced horrible working conditions with hours ranging from 12-16 hours a day, six days a week. i. No one had security on the job, and there was no minimum wage. ii. The hot temperatures in the cotton mills were especially harmful.
  • 21. g. In Britain women and children made up 2/3 of the cotton industry’s workforce. i. The Factory Act of 1833 set 9 as minimum age to work. ii. Children from ages 9-13 could work only 8 hours a day. iii. Children from ages 13-18 could only work 12 hours.
  • 22. h. Women took more and more of the textile industry jobs. i. They were unskilled and were paid half or less than the men. ii. Excessive working hours for women were outlawed in 1844.
  • 23. i. Married Men were now expected to support the family, and married women were to take care of the home and perform low-paying jobs in the home. j. The horrible conditions for workers in the Industrial Revolution led to a movement called socialism. k. Early socialism was based on the ideas of equality for all people. i. Later socialists like Karl Marx believed in utopian socialists.