This describes the evolution of Computers and devices from Computerization to the Internet of things through the IT era and ICT Era.

1. Internet of Things…

2. Block Diagram of Computer….

3. EVOLUTION OF CYBER SPACE
Computerisation

4. EVOLUTION OF INTERNET CONNECTIVITY

7. Pyramid of Information science

8. • 1969 – Jan 2 – ARPANET – Four centers
• India joined in the year 1995 –Aug 15
• Instant Communications, News Reference, Research, Entertainment,
Shopping, etc, etc..
• 1972 Ray Tomlinson invents eMail.
• 1983 Invents Internet Protocol
• 1989 first World Wide Web Developed
• 1994 First G-Web Browser Developed (Mosaic).
• 1995 Internet open for commercial purpose.
The Internet is a Great Place

9. What Are They?
IP addresses are unique identifiers for every
device connected to the internet
It is like the address of your house which
allows the postal carrier to deliver mail to
the correct destination
A typical IPv4 address looks like this:
68.112.233.208
192.162.1.28
Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses

10. Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses

11. • The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is a department of
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) that
is responsible for maintaining the registries of the Internet's unique
identifiers, which include domain names, Protocol Parameters, and
Internet numbers (IP Addresses and Autonomous System Numbers).
• Indian Registry for Internet Names and Numbers (IRINN) in India that
provides allocation and registration services of IP addresses and AS
numbers, and contributes to the society by providing Internet-related
information as a non-profit, affiliation-based organisation, and
performing research, education
ICANN & IANA

12. Amazing Growth of Internet…..

13. Digital India

14. Indian Citizen in Cyber Space…..

15. E-GOVERNANCE & CITIZEN CENTRIC SERVICE DELIVERY

16. CONCEPT AND DEFINITION OF E-GOVERNANCE
E-Governance is the application of ICT to Government functioning to
Create SMART Governance
The application of electronic means in the
• interaction between government and citizens - G2C
• government and businesses, as well as - G2B
• internal government operations - G2G
•Better service to its Employees – G2E
to simplify and improve democratic, government and business
aspects of Governance

17. E-GOVERNANCE SERVICES………..

18. EXAMPLES OF E-SERVICES – G2C
• Birth Certificate
• Health Care
• School Admission
• Scholarships
• e-Learning
• Examination Results
• Employment Services
• Vehicle Registration
• Driver’s License
• Passport/Visa
• Agriculture
• Land Record
• Property Registration
• Marriage Certificates
• Taxes
• Utility Services
• Municipality Services
• Pensions
• Insurance
• Health Care
• Death Certificate
from Cradle to Grave……

19. WHAT IS E-GOVERNMENT ?
It is the
transformation of government
to provide
Efficient
Convenient &
Transparent
Services
to
the Citizens & Businesses
through
Information & Communication Technologies

20. GOALS OF E-GOVERNANCE
• Better Service Delivery to Citizens
• Transparency and Accountability
• Empowering people through information
• Improved efficiency within Governments
• Improve interface with business and industry

21. BEFORE AND AFTER EGOVERNANCE…..

22. WHAT IS IOT?

23. • The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects—devices,
vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software,
sensors, and network connectivity—that enables these objects to collect and
exchange data.
WHAT IS IOT?
IOT?
In simple words, Internet of Things (IoT) is
an ecosystem of connected physical objects
that are accessible through the internet.

24. COMPONENTS OF IOT

25. • M2M (Machine to Machine)
• “Internet of Everything”
• “World Size Web”
• “Skynet”
WHERE IS IOT?
It’s everywhere!VARIOUS NAMES, ONE CONCEPT
DDS (Data Distribution Service) is an IoT standard for
real-time, scalable and high-performance machine-
to-machine communication

26. IOT Concepts...

27. WHY IOT…

28. WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF IOT..?

29. IOT IN DAILY LIFE…

30. Augmented reality (AR)
Augmented reality is the integration of digital information with the user's
environment in real time. Unlike virtual reality, which creates a totally
artificial environment, augmented reality uses the existing environment and
overlays new information on top of it.

31. Augmented reality (AR)

32. GATEWAY TO THE FUTURE…

33. PROGRESS INDEX OF IOT…

34. Where is the IoT : In Short… Everywhere

35. Where is the IoT : In Short… Everywhere…

36. Where is the IoT : In Short… Everywhere…
Application type Description
Smart Thermostats Helps you to save resource on heating bills by knowing your usage patterns.
Connected Cars
IOT helps automobile companies handle billing, parking, insurance, and other related stuff
automatically.
Activity Trackers
Helps you to capture heart rate pattern, calorie expenditure, activity levels, and skin
temperature on your wrist.
Smart Outlets
Remotely turn any device on or off. It also allows you to track a device's energy level and get
custom notifications directly into your smartphone.
Parking Sensors
IOT technology helps users to identify the real-time availability of parking spaces on their
phone.
Connect Health
The concept of a connected health care system facilitates real-time health monitoring and
patient care. It helps in improved medical decision-making based on patient data.
Smart City
Smart city offers all types of use cases which include traffic management to water
distribution, waste management, etc.
Smart home
Smart home encapsulates the connectivity inside your homes. It includes smoke detectors,
home appliances, light bulbs, windows, door locks, etc.
Helps you in real time tracking of goods while they are on the road, or getting suppliers to

37. IOT & Policing…

38. IOT & Policing….

39. • Technical Optimization: IoT technology helps a lot in improving
technologies and making them better. Example, with IoT, a manufacturer is
able to collect data from various car sensors. The manufacturer analyses them
to improve its design and make them more efficient.
• Improved Data Collection: Traditional data collection has its limitations and
its design for passive use. IoT facilitates immediate action on data.
• Reduced Waste: IoT offers real-time information leading to effective decision
making & management of resources. For example, if a manufacturer finds an
issue in multiple car engines, he can track the manufacturing plan of those
engines and solves this issue with the manufacturing belt.
• Improved Customer Engagement: IoT allows you to improve customer
experience by detecting problems and improving the process.
Key benefits of IoT technology are as follows:

40. • Security: IoT technology creates an ecosystem of connected devices. However,
during this process, the system may offer little authentication control despite
sufficient security measures.
• Privacy: The use of IOT, exposes a substantial amount of personal data, in extreme
detail, without the user's active participation. This creates lots of privacy issues.
• Flexibility: There is a huge concern regarding the flexibility of an IoT system. It is
mainly regarding integrating with another system as there are many diverse systems
involved in the process.
• Complexity: The design of the IOT system is also quite complicated. Moreover, it's
deployment and maintenance also not very easy.
• Compliance: IOT has its own set of rules and regulations. However, because of its
complexity, the task of compliance is quite challenging.
Disadvantages IOT

41. IOT SOLUTIONS AND CHALLENGES..

42. WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT IOT?
• It’s just another computer, right?
• All of the same issues we have with access
control, vulnerability management, patching,
monitoring, etc.
• Imagine your network with 1,000,000 more
devices
• Any compromised device is a foothold on the
network

43. IoT is the Internet “new kid on the block”. And the fact that Internet is hardly a
secure environment itself makes IoT devices even less so. And there have been
several high-profile events, involving the use of IoT devices as nodes in wider
botnet attacks that highlight IoT’s vulnerability. The most infamous attack to
date was the Mirai malware that hit networked devices running Linux operating
systems in 2016
IOT & CYBER CRIME…

44. TIPS FOR PROTECTING YOUR IOT DEVICE…

45. Safe and Secure use of IOT.
• Trust: Allow only designated people/services device or
data access
• Identity: Validate the identity of people, services, and
“things”
• Privacy: Ensure device, personal & sensitive data is kept
private
• Protection: Protect devices and users from harm
• Safety: Provide safety for devices, infrastructure and
people
• Security: Maintain security of data, devices, people, etc.

46. ATTACKING IOT
• Default, weak, and hardcoded credentials
• Difficult to update firmware and OS
• Lack of vendor support for repairing vulnerabilities
• Vulnerable web interfaces (SQL injection, XSS)
• Coding errors (buffer overflow)
• Clear text protocols and unnecessary open ports
• DoS / DDoS
• Physical theft and tampering
Education – Partnership – Solutions
Information Security
Office of Budget and Finance

47. IOT CHALLENGES..

48. THREAT VS. OPPORTUNITY
• If misunderstood and misconfigured, IoT poses risk to our data,
privacy, and safety
• If understood and secured, IoT will enhance communications,
lifestyle, and delivery of services

49. QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION
LOGOUT TIME…
Jayakumar PP
eGovernance and Information Security Consultant
jkambala@gmail.com, 9847435193
Courtesy
Google, various web sites available in internet.