2. Key Players in the War
Axis Powers Allied Powers
Adolf Hitler Neville Chamberlain
Benito Mussolini Winston Churchill
Hideki Tojo Charles De Gaulle
Franklin Roosevelt
Harry Truman
Joseph Stalin
3. ADOLF HITLER
Brought prominence to the
National Socialist German
Workers Party (NAZI Party)
Head of the 3rd Reich
Believed in Master Race –
Aryan Race
Unite all German-speaking
people
1933 took power
Anti-communist
Private property with strong
governmental control
Das Fuhrer
4. Hitler’s Empire (1939 – 1942)
A. The key to Hitler’s military success
was speed and force (the blitzkrieg).
B. He crushed Poland quickly and then
France; by July 1940 the Nazis ruled
nearly all of Europe except Britain.
C. He bombed British cities in an
attempt to break British morale but
did not succeed.
D. Tried conquering Russia
E. 1941 Hitler’s forces invaded After
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor (1941)
Hitler also declared war on the
United States.
5. Nazi Racial Ideology
A. A belief in the superiority
of the German race to the
Latin cultures/races
B. All high culture was the
work of the Aryan race
C. A belief in “racial hygiene,”
eugenics – the purity and
health of the Aryan race
must be maintained
D. Interbreeding would lead
"German bearing, to decline of the race and
German prowess, extinction, and must be
manifest Nordic racial stopped
heritage!"
6. Hitler’s New Order
A. Hitler began building a New Order based
on racial imperialism.
B. Nordic peoples were treated with
preference; the French were heavily
taxed; the Slavs were treated as “sub-
humans.”
C. Polish workers and Russian prisoners of
war did most of the heavy labor.
7. The Concentration Camps
Jews, Gypsies,
Jehovah’s
witnesses, and
communists
were
condemned to
death—six
million Jews
were murdered
in
concentration
camps.
8. BENITO MUSSOLINI
Led fascist movement in
Italy
Black-shirt army
Totalitarian State under
his rule
AKA - Il Duce- The
Chief
Anti-communist
Private property with
strong government
control
9. HIDEKI TOJO
Militant Japanese general
Took control of Japan in
1941
Pushed for vast colonial
empire stretching from
China to Thailand
Organized attack on Pearl
Harbor
10. NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
British Prime Minister at
the onset of War
Believed in policy of
Appeasement for dealing
with Hitler.
Signed Munich Pact to
turn over Sudetenland
Believed he obtained
“Peace in Our Time”
11. WINSTON CHURCHILL
Critical of Chamberlin’s
policies toward Hitler.
Became Prime Minister
During the War (1940)
Strong Ally for the
United States
Powerful public speaker
he helped to rally his
troops to fight German
Aggression
12. CHARLES DE GAULLE
French General
Fled to England after
Germany took over
France.
Set up government-in-
exile
13. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT
President through
Much of the War
(Died in 1945)
Lend Lease program
to aid Allies prior to
US entry into the War
Signed order to intern
Japanese after Pearl
Harbor.
14. HARRY TRUMAN
VP under FDR
Took over Presidency
at the end of the War.
Made Decision to
Drop Atomic Bomb
on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
15. JOSEPH STALIN
Totalitarian Regime in USSR.
Awaited world-wide
Communist revolution.
Great Purge of the 1930s to
clear out enemies from country
1939 – Signed nonaggression
pact with Germany. (Divide
Poland)
Germany broke the pact,
opening up the Eastern Front
of the War.
17. Background
Treaty of Versailles (1919) - Harsh treatment of
Germany: land losses, reparations, military reductions,
and war guilt
League of Nations (1920) – International organization
charged with preventing future wars. United States
senate refused to allow the United States of America to
become a member. The League had neither the will nor
the power to check the rising totalitarian governments.
18. Background
Washington Conference (1922) – Italy, Japan, the United
States of America, France, and Britain agree to not build
up their navies for ten years
Mussolini takes over Italy (1922)
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) – sixty-two nations agree to
solve problems diplomatically
Japan invades Manchuria (1931)
Hitler comes to power (1933)
19. Short Term Causes
Italian, Japanese, and German aggression
not stopped by League of Nations
20. Short Term Causes
Appeasement – Britain and France wanted to avoid war
and therefore gave in to Hitler’s demands
Western democracies would not act aggressively
– Britain – Sympathetic towards Germany – knew Versailles
Treaty too harsh, wanted to avoid war
– France – Would not do anything without Britain
– United States of America – Isolation from Europe
21. Major Events of World War II-
The War
1940 – Germany invades Norway and Denmark
1940 – France Falls
Summer 1940 – Britain withstands the German
onslaught
1941- Germany broke pact with USSR
– German setbacks- the harsh winters in Soviet Union;
Bitter defeat in Stalingrad
22. Major Events of World War II -
American Involvement
Lend-Lease Program to aid Allies
Attack on Pearl Harbor – December 7,
1941- A Day that will live in infamy
US enters World War II
1942 – War turned in favor of the Allies
– Victories in North Africa versus Germany
– Victory in the Battle of the Midway in the
Pacific
23. Major Events in World War II –
The End of the War
June 6, 1944 – Storming of Normandy
December 1944- Hitler lost the battle of
the Bulge
Germany surrendered in May 1945
Atomic Bomb dropped on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki in August of 1945
Japan Surrendered in September 1945