Upon gaining independence in 1965, Singapore faced significant challenges including high unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy. The country had a GDP per capita of less than $2,700. In the late 20th century, Singapore developed its own mathematics curriculum called Singapore Math that focused on problem solving, reasoning, and the use of manipulatives. This challenging program aimed to improve learning outcomes for all students. By the 2000s, Singapore students achieved among the top scores in international assessments like PISA and TIMSS, with a small percentage of low performers and a high percentage of top performers.
6. High Achievement Was Not a Given
“Upon separation from Malaysia in 1965,
Singapore was faced with … high levels of
unemployment and poverty. 70% of Singapore’s
households lived in badly overcrowded conditions,
and a third of its people squatted in slums on the
city fringes. Unemployment averaged 14%, GDP
per capita was less than $2,700, and half of the
population was illiterate.”
9. Country
% of Low
Performers
% of High
Performers
Mean
Singapore
8.3
40.0
573
Vietnam
14.2
13.3
511
Thailand
49.7
2.6
427
Malaysia
51.8
1.3
421
Indonesia
75.7
0.3
375
OECD
23.1
12.6
494
| PISA 2012
10. Country
% of Low
Performers
% of High
Performers
Mean
Shanghai
3.8
55.4
613
Singapore
8.3
40.0
573
Hong Kong
8.5
33.7
561
South Korea
9.1
30.9
554
Japan
11.1
23.7
536
Finland
12.3
15.3
519
OECD
23.1
12.6
494
| PISA 2012
14. average
advanced
like math
dislike math
grade eight mathematics
Singapore
611
48
32
23
South Korea
613
47
8
56
Taiwan
609
49
14
53
Hong Kong
586
34
19
37
Japan
570
27
9
53
International
500
3
26
31
15. Country
GDP per capita in
current USD
2012
Singapore
60,800
Malaysia
16,800
Thailand
9,500
Indonesia
4,900
Philippines
4,400
Source | IMF