Ernest Hemingway was an American writer and journalist born in 1899 who died in 1961. He was part of the expatriate community in Paris in the 1920s and a veteran of World War I. Hemingway won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. His writing was characterized by economy and understatement and influenced 20th century fiction. His protagonists were typically stoic men exhibiting "grace under pressure." Many of his works are now considered American literature classics.