Examples Of Social Stratification In The Media
Social Stratification In The 1920s
Examples Of Racial Stratification
Social Stratification
Social Stratification
Social Stratification
Social Stratification
Social Stratification
Social Stratification And Its Effects On Society
Social Stratification
Social Stratification
Social Stratification & Mobility Essay
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Essay
Socialization and Social Stratification Essay
Social Stratification And Its Impact On Society
1. Examples Of Social Stratification In The Media
How Social Stratification is Portrayed by the Media
Malcolm Little, or as he's better known as Malcolm X, once stated, "The media's the most powerful
entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent,
and that's power. Because they control the minds of the masses" (Citation). What Malcolm X said
is true; the media does have a control on the people's minds. The media has a big impact on how
we think and feel about everything in our lives. For example, with this type of control the media has
caused people to developed stereotypes about the social classes and the people within them. Upper
class
Through the media, the people of the upper class...show more content...
The biggest effect media has on women is how the view their looks. Several different TV shows,
songs, magazines, and commercials focus heavily on how women supposedly obsess over their
looks. This can be seen all throughout the Gilmore Girls series, for Emily Gilmore is constantly
obsessed over how her and her family looks (Citation). Also, the media shows people that women
can be "catty" with each other. A really good example of this can be seen in the Real Housewives
of New Jersey. This show constantly shows how women are supposedly "catty" with each other by
showing them arguing and fighting constantly (Citation). Another thing the media's view portrays
is how hard of the time women have will trying to balance their personal life and their work life.
This can be seen throughout the Gilmore Girls series. Lorelai Gilmore, one of the main characters
in the series, can be seen having trouble balancing her personal life and her work life (Citation).
These stereotypes can negatively affect women personally, for these can determine whether a woman
can get the job she wants, whether or not she gets a promotion, or even how much they are
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2. Social Stratification In The 1920s
The 1920s witnessed the betrayal of these ideals underlying the American Dream. The Jazz age
generation ignored Franklin's concern for moral betterment and public service, while embracing his
emphasis on material advancement. This period also witnessed the degradation of Jefferson's ideal
of equality in its renewal of racism and anti–immigration laws. With the American Economy,
capitalism created a sharp division of society into lower class and a leisure class, controlling the
economy and practicing conspicuous consumption.
Moreover, the ideal individualism, which for Emerson had meant creating the conditions for spiritual
perfection, was distorted into a rationalization for every kind of exploitation and self indulgence.
Many of these characteristics...show more content...
The social strata are not fixed, but are fluid and changing. No society existing today is entirely
without stratification.
America's stratification is neither a caste system, in which lifetime rank is rigidly fixed by
individuals' social status at birth, nor an estate system, in which status depends on control of land
and on occupation. Although it exhibits some characteristics of birth, the American system ofsocial
stratification is an "open–class society" a society characterised by great individual mobility from one
social stratum to another.
Americans also hold idea that theirs is a "classless" society. Derived from revolutionary ideas in
Europe and shaped by American dislike for special privilege based on birth or rank, this classless
notion had denied culturally derived differences based on caste or inheritance but extolled
differences in status based on ability and achievement. This concept of classless men obscures the
fact that blurred and non–rigid stratification lines based on achievement and wealth, position and
power, do exist in America. Sociologists generally divide American society into three strata or class:
Upper class, middle class and lower class. Frequently they make gradations within these three
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3. Examples Of Racial Stratification
What is Racial Stratification? Historically, the concept of race has changed across cultures and
eras. It has eventually become less connected with ancestral and family ties, and more concerned
with superficial physical characteristics. Racial stratification can be defined as systems of
inequality in which some fixed groups memberships, such as race, religion, or national origin is a
major criterion for ranking social positions and their differential rewards. Social construction of race
is also reflected in the way names for racial categories change with changing times. In contrast,
reviewing these factors really make you wonder why inequality exist? In our world today
discrimination affects the way people interact, think, and behave....show more content...
Hopefully we can learn from the Indians of Mexico. Because of the colonization, this race is still
currently paying the price of something they can not help. I hope we will continue to grow and
not have racial barriers. Racial stratification can be very dangerous. Learning from the past can be
a good thing. It is time to continue to move forward and avoid these terrible issues that Mexico
faces. We should not allow anyone to only come home making thirty dollars when they are really
trying to work with their best ability. Ethnicity is what America is known for. Life is what you
make it. I believe life would be boring if we were all the same. Thats why we have color, gifts,
talents, and different languages because without diversity we wouldn't be able to learn from each
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4. Social Stratification
Q1A. The question of the inevitability of social stratification is one of the fundamental bases of
the theories of Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore. Davis and Moore (1945) argue that as long as
there is division of labor in the society, and that there are variability in the roles with varying
degrees of importance, stratification will occur. There is a significant difference in the wages of
CEO's and a minimum wage earner because according to the theory, there is a functional necessity
of providing different rewards for different positions in the society in accordance to an individual's
abilities. Because not everyone is qualified for specific positions or roles set by the society, there is
a need to fill them by making sure that the right...show more content...
The main function of inequality is due to the very fact that not all roles in the society have the
same extent of difficulty. Because there is a societal notion that the responsibility assigned to men
and women are not the same, social stratification according to gender exists, hence the difference in
wage rates. Q2A Melvin Tulmin made a response to the theory created by Davis and Moore. He
claims that there are several loopholes that the functional theories of Davis and Moore were not able
to address, such defining the term "functionally important". The situation involving the wage gap
between the CEO and the minimum wage earner can be explained by Tulmin's criticism to the
theories of the previous sociologists. For Tulmin, the system of social stratification does not function
as the motivating force to attract the right people to the right positions but to force the acceptance of
ideologies that govern the society. The increasing gap between the earnings of the CEO and the
minimum wage earners can be explained by the fact that there is indeed an existing barrier between
the two types of people mentioned above. This would lead the society to accept the ideology that the
former is indeed superior as compared to the latter. Social stratification systems functions to maintain
the status quo in the society. Because of the existing social stratification, a large segment of the
society are not even given the opportunity to undergo
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5. Social Stratification
Casey Rash, Austin Helms
November 11, 2010
SOC 100 General Sociology; 002
Essay Question: 3
The purpose of this paper will be to address what social stratification is, and why sociologists
consider it crucial to our understanding of today's society. In addition it will also be discussing the
three dimensions of social stratification and how we think its changed since the 1970s and 80s to
today, and which theory we think best explains this change. Along with how the inequality of valued
resources impacts America as a whole, and how the recent financial meltdown has made stratification
worse in America. Stratification can be defined as a structured ranking of entire groups of people
that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and...show more content...
The African American middle class has risen since the 1970s and 80s although they are still being
paid less than the while males which shows progress since the civil rights movement. In comparison
a 2004 study shows that the Latino population is loosing its hold on wealth only controlling 10% of
the wealth in the United States. Karl Marx's theory on stratification best justifies the change the
United States has faced from the 1970s to present day. Karl Marx's theory focuses on capitalism
in which the owner of a company's only goal is to produce as much profit as possible for him or
herself. The bourgeoisie or capitalist class owns the company and the proletariats work for the
company. The bourgeoisie look for ways to lower wages and maximize profit by adding
machines that reduced dependence on highly skilled proletariats. This makes no proletariats
special because they are easily replaceable. This best explains the change from the 1970s and 80s
to now because all the name brand companies are outsourcing and making the product cheaper to
make which is giving the owner of the companies more money and taking jobs away from the
middle class and working class therefore making the rich richer and poor poorer. The rich stay in
power because the working class is forced to work at the wages offered because the job positions
require very little skill and are easily replaceable making it impossible to move up in the company.
Without question
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6. Social Stratification
Ireland
The social stratification in Ireland today is undefined. During the Celtic Tiger it was perceived
that Ireland as a whole was very wealthy and many people were classed as 'wealthy' or 'upper
class'. However since the recession hit the social status regarding the wealth of the country has
deteriorated. It appears now that a larger number of the population are working or middle class and
only a minority group remain in the upper classes of society. The growing unemployment rate has
forced many people, including well educated individuals to rely on state benefits. This has been a
huge factor in the rapid decrease in the social status of the country. Social mobility in Ireland
appears to be going in the wrong direction.
Not only is...show more content...
Without this support it becomes very difficult for the schools to make an impact. Many children
from a lower socio–economic background leave school without a leaving certificate, and as a result
end up relying on state benefits. This reality has urged community members to intervene. Many
communities have set up youth clubs and after school homework clubs to provide a comfortable and
positive study environment for students who lack the encouragement at home. These clubs help
young people to take the steps needed towards a higher socio–economic group.
Promoting social mobility is key to bettering the country as a whole. In order for people to improve
their social status in relation to wealth the country not only needs to promote academic excellence in
schools but provide employment opportunities for graduates. Promoting employment or businesses
helps promotes wealth and therefore increases social mobility. With the help of the government
encouraging new businesses into the country; thus providing new job opportunities; social mobility
will be possible. In 2010 it was announced that the well–known EA Games entertainment company
were opening a customer service centre in Galway. This investment was being supported by the
Irish government through IDA Ireland and was said to create two hundred new jobs to start off. The
new location is up and
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7. The economic affairs of the 16th to 17th century England – a period where England experienced
extreme population growth – encouraged the migration of more than half of the English population
west across the Atlantic . In addition to its population's growth, England was amid a civil war and a
revolution during 1642–1660, that consequently propagated waves of political and economic
refugees, finding their way to the Caribbean, to escape from the nation's civil conflicts . Taking note
of the ways in which dominant European powers – Portugal and Spain – conducted forms of active
exploration and exploitation of the New World. Distinctly, for the reasons of, accumulation of land,
wealth, and political power through means of exploiting its colonies resources. Virtually, England
sought to mimic the Spanish economic success in their own Caribbean exploits. In contrast to the
ways in which the Spanish pursued their own economic goals. The English economic success, relied
on private companies to carry out commercial and colonial efforts . To emphasize, this meant that
private men and companies secured the right from the crown to claim and settle islands in the
Caribbean. Notably, these private men and companies' advantageous socio–economic status,
consequently began to formulate the make–up of the social stratification in the English colonies.
Where social stratification refers to the persistent patterns of social inequalities within a society.
Essentially, the colonies operated on
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8. Social Stratification
Contents 1. Social stratification 2. Characteristics of social stratification 3. Origins of social
stratification 4. Social stratification in Bangladesh 5. Religious stratification In Bangladesh 6. Caste
systems among Hindus 7. Caste systems among Muslims
All societies arrange their members in terms of superiority, inferiority and equality. The vertical
scale of evaluation, this placing of people in strata, or layers is called stratification. Social
stratification is a natural and voluntary separation according to race, religion, social and economic
status. In sociology, social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of social classes, castes and
strata within a society. Anthony Giddens has defined social...show more content...
Caste systems among Hindus:
Hindus in Bangladesh in the late 1980s were almost evenly distributed in all regions, with
concentrations in Khulna, Jessore, Dinajpur, Faridpur and Barisal. Hindus generally accept the
caste system as the structure of society. For Virtually all Hindus, even those in revolt against
some aspects of the system, caste is taken for granted as the way of life. To be considered Hindu, a
group must identify itself in some way as a unit in the caste hierarchy. One cannot join a caste; one
is born into it and lives, marries, and dies in it.
Although Hindu society is formally stratified into caste categories, the widely known four–fold
classification Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaisya and Sudra did not figure prominently in the Bangladeshi
Hindu community. About 75 percent of the Hindus in Bangladesh belonged to the lower castes.
Some members of higher castes belonged to the middle or professional class. With the increasing
participation of the Hindus in nontraditional professional mobility, the castes were able to interact in
wider political and socioeconomic arenas, which caused some erosion of caste consciousness.
Although there is no mobility between Hindu castes, caste distinctions did not play as important a
role in Bangladesh as in they did in the Hindu–dominated Indian state of West Bengal. Bangladeshi
Hindus seemed to have
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9. Social Stratification
Social stratification defines any structure of inequality that persists in a society across generations.
Social strata are groups of people – who belong to the same social class or have the same social
level. Social strata are organised in a vertical hierarchy. In the early societies people shared a
common social standing. In the hunting and gathering societies there was little stratification: men
hunted for meat while women gathered edible plants. The general welfare of the society depended
on the mutual sharing of goods between all members and no group emerged as better off than the
others.
Social inequality began with the emergence of horticulture and pastoral societies. For the first time
people had reliable sources of food and the...show more content...
Queenstown (Cobh) its last port of call – is just a few kilometres from my home town. The Titanic
was dubbed "unsinkable" and was so confident in its invincibility that its lifeboat capacity could
accommodate less than half of the individuals onboard. While this means that most of the
individuals didn't make it, it does not mean that everyone on board had an equal chance of survival.
In fact, it was quite the opposite. The Titanic represents a very clear cut example ofsocial class
divisions providing different opportunities (in this case, opportunities to get on a lifeboat and
survive) to individuals occupying different classes. Your odds of survival were greatly shaped by
your structural location aboard the ship i.e. your social class, gender and age.
The Sad Story.
Under the command of Edward Smith, the ship left Southampton with 2224 passengers on board
for Cherbourg and then on to Cobh. Titanic anchored off Roches Point on April 11th 1912 at
12noon and remained in the harbour for almost two hours taking on supplies, mail and additional
passengers. They were taken to board Titanic from the old pier in Queenstown as it was then
known, in tenders called America and Ireland. The Titanic then sailed with 2347 passengers aboard,
including some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as hundreds of poor emigrants from
Europe seeking a new life in North America. The ship had advanced safety
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10. Social Stratification And Its Effects On Society
Social stratification is a way people categorize others in a socioeconomic strata. Social
stratification has four principles: social stratification has and continues to persist over generations,
it involves inequality, beliefs and other economic and ideological standards, it is universal but
variable, and it is also a "trait" of society. Social stratification doesn't categorize certain individuals
by their looks or popularity, but instead categorizes by different aspects such as the job they have
and their income, the importance of a position, or obtained power. This power may be in a various
areas such as politics, military, and business.
Examples of social stratification include the United States' formation of the upper, middle, and the
lower classes. Usually, higher class citizens are seen having many material belongings such as
luxurious houses and cars, a higher income than people of lower standings, and bigger and better
chances to become successful compared to those of the middle and lower classes. Middle class
people do not usually have as much money as the higher class and are labeled so due to the lower
financial standing. Most citizens of the middle class are a part of the working class and have to
work for a living to earn enough money to make the standard of a normal lifestyle in America. The
lower class also can be referred to as working class, and is made up of people who have even less
than the middle class and must keep working to make sure they are able to
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11. Social Stratification
DISCUSS TO ASSESS THE APPLICABILITY OF THE CONFLICT THEORY IN EXPLAINING
STRATIFICATION.
'Stratification' is a term used to characterize a structure of inequality where individuals occupy
differentiated structural positions and the positions are situated in layers (or strata) that are ranked
hierarchically according to broadly recognized standards .( Durlauf 1999)
The conflict theory in relation to social stratification argues that stratification,"reflects the
distribution of power in society and is therefore a major source of disorder and coercion."(Stanley
1998 : 227). The conflict theory is an acceptable way of understanding and explaining social
stratification however on its own it does not adequately answer all the questions about...show more
content...
They usually even move to certain residential areas which can only be afforded by people of their
calibre. Likewise those who are getting less rewards probably for doing a less recognised task
will begin to segregate themselves from the above described group. They will associated with
others with whom they share the same economic overview and challenges with. Already we can see
that there is a development of clearly defined classes, which is a major characteristic of social
stratification.
Furthermore those who are in the privileged economic tend to use their power and influence through
media and publicity, educational institutions as well as religious institutions such as churches to
instil an attitude and mindset to their inferiors in which the latter begin to accept their low positions
and status as natural. Karl Marx called this "False Consciousness". (Sonnet and Cobb 1973) The
conflict theory attempts to explain social stratification economically. Conflict theorists disregard
issues of gender, race and ethnicity and they only focus on the role played by the economy in
bringing about social stratification. They reason that stratification is defined by relations concerning
possession of the means of production as well as work and labour .The conflict theorists' beliefs'
include that those at the top of hierarchies are there at the expense of those that at the
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12. Social Stratification
Social Stratification: Impacting Positions in Society Social stratification is vertical hierarchical
arrangement which differentiate people as superior or inferior. Societies are stratified in three
ways which are,1) Social Class; 2) Racial and Ethnic stratification; and 3) Gender. 1) Social Class:
According to Karl Marx, Class society is based around a primary line of division between two
antagonistic classes, those who owns the means of production and those who do not own. Comer
added to it in 1978 "Social Class implies having or not having the following: individual rights,
privileges, power, rights over others, authority, life style choices, etc."(Comer, 1978) 2) Racial and
Ethnic Stratification: Hierarchy based upon race,...show more content...
Victims of Classism, Racism and Sexism know the consequences of social stratification, but on
the other hand privileged ones were unaware of any social stratification. Stratification and
Conflict: Nobel Laureate Toni Morrison in her Nobel Prize lecture said, "Tell us what it is to be
a women so that we may know what it is to be a man. What moves at the margin? What it is to
have no homes in this place? To be set adrift from the one you knew. What it is to live at the edge
of towns that cannot bear your company?" (Morrison, Karen, 1993). This potrays tragic conditions of
Colored Americans in racist America. African–American primary obstacle is racism and gender bias
adds upon to it. In understanding Conflict Theory, Social Classes division and competition plays an
vital role.Here are few primary assumptions of Modern Conflict Theory: 1. Competition: Competion
over limited resources is primary to all social relationships. Competition rather than consensus
charecterises human relationships. 2. Structural Inequality: All Social Structures have inequality in
rewards and power. 3. Revolution or Reforms: Conflict between classes results in changes more
often than adaptations. Conflict Theory was further elaborated after Industrial Revolution in Europe
by Karl Marx, Max Weber and various other Sociologists. Karl Marx – Class and Conflict : Karl
Marx was the direct product of the legacy of the Renaissance and the
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13. Social Stratification & Mobility Essay
Social Stratification & Mobility
Individuals in today's society are separated by many different factors such as race, ethnicity, gender,
and economic status. Another form of separation is that of stratification. There are four major
systems of stratification slavery, caste, estate, and class. "Social stratification means the
differentiation of a given population into hierarchically superposed classes."(Sorokin, 1964, p. 11)
Stratification can either be in the form of an open or closed system. The closed system is one that
allows minimal to no movement within the system. The open system is just the opposite it allows
for varying degrees of movement throughout the system. There are many ways to break down the
social stratification of...show more content...
This movement is called social mobility "By social mobility is understood any transition of an
individual or social object or value– anything that has been created or modified by human activity–
from on social position to another."(Sorokin, 1964, p. 133) This change in class is not always
related to money or economic change. In some cultures an individual may ascertain great wealth in
their life time but not be accepted into a higher class status. On the other hand a person who loses
economic status is still revered as elite. This inability to move from one class to another is mostly
observed in the estate system and the class system. There are two fundamental ways in which a
person can be mobile within society either horizontal or vertical.
In horizontal mobility individuals make what is considered a lateral move within society. "By
horizontal social mobility or shifting, is meant the transition of an individual or social object from
one social group to another situated at the same level."(Sorokin, 1964, p. 133) This transition can be
related to a Horizontal mobility allows individuals to have opportunity to choose a vocation and not
be condemned to that of their parent(s). This option of lateral movement does not always require
higher education, political affiliation, or economic status. The individual stays at the same level of
class recognition, but has the option of choosing form a
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14. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Essay
Social stratification is a concept involving the classification of people into groups based on shared
socio–economic conditions. Giddens (2009:1133) defines social stratification as "the existence of
structured inequalities between groups in society, in terms of their access to material or symbolic
rewards". This context explains in detail the three agents of social stratification and expresses
personal views about the categories of social class in the Zambian society it further goes on to
explain whether or not social class is responsible for students educational attainment. The three main
agents of social stratification are the family ,mass media and educational institution this is in line
with Agumba (2009:45) who...show more content...
Often when poor people are featured the depiction is either unflattering or pitying, such portrayals
are often negative or stereotypical Research has shown that social inequality continues to be
produced in educational institutions one latent function of education is for one to achieve and
attain the capacity or ability to live a fulfilling life. According to Jean (2009: ) "students who get
the best education are likely to be selected for preferred jobs in society". Agumba (2009:45) adds
on saying that "schools or institutions promote social stratification through streaming ,this is
grouping of learners with the same ability together", the impact of this is that streaming has a
negative effect on self image and ultimately on performance. Weber also saw class as an economic
category but he stressed its interaction with social status and the affinities of party. In recent time`s
social scientists have used occupation as an indicator of class. Zambia is a developing nation and
social class in the Zambian context is composed of the three main categories which are the lower
class, the working class and the middle class the top upper class is yet to emerge in the Zambian
society. The lower class is the least informed people in the Zambian society this class is generally
characterized by "low aspirations, poor education,
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15. Introduction and Background:
Social stratification is the structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal
economic rewards and powers in a society it includes slavery, castes, the estate system, and social
classes. Social stratification can been seen necessary through a functionalist eyes due to the fact that
it motivates people to accept all jobs required for the society to survive. Conflict theorists see
stratification as a major source of societal tension and conflict, different social levels with opposing
interests can clash with one another over goals and resources. Interactionists stress the importance of
social class in determining a person's lifestyle. The most extreme form of legalized social inequality
...show more content...
For example, the system of stratification that characterized the southern United States from the end
of the Civil War through the 1960s resembled a caste system. These social stratifications create
different situations where people of different race, gender, age and ethnic groups interact with one
another. In the United States when Whites and minorities interactions between one another it
usually create some tension and are awkward due to social norms and unfamiliar situations
between one another. When discussing the struggles between age and gender it refers to the fight
between younger people and older people, and male and female. When referring to older people
and younger the main problem is usually the means and or use of technology or just
understanding what's happening now in our modern day. In the past, the fight between females
and males was a landslide victory for males, who made it hard for females to get an education and
jobs to acquire their dreams by themselves or on their own. Today females are now becoming more
powerful especially in the work force, but females still are being dominated by their male
counterpart making only .70 cents to the dollar.
The Research Question: When using the scientific method for the Racial Diversity Feedback Survey
the first step is to define the problem, how diverse our society is and how that effects social
interaction and inclusion (class, racial groups, gender, sexual orientation, and religion). While
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16. All societies suffer from stratification alone, but nations are also stratified in comparison to one
another. Globalization aggravates the issue of stratification and creates larger rifts in race, class and
gender statuses. Interdependence has led to competition between nations, growing gaps of upper
and lower classes, negative race relations, and devaluation of women. Globalization and
stratification are concepts that connect interactions among the people between and within nations.
Globalization is the global integration of people, businesses, and governments. Sharing of
economic, political and cultural systems affects the stratification our world's societies. Social
stratification is a system that our civilization uses to rank people in a hierarchy of status. Factors
taken into account when creating this gradation include race, class and gender. Race is a social
construction based off of physical features, not a biological fact. Classes refer to a certain group of
people of similar status in wealth and power. For example, the middle class is usually know for living
in suburbia and the working class would typically have low paying manufacturing job. Similar to
race, gender isn't biological. A person's sex is biological; gender on the other hand is sociological
and pertains to the extent of masculinity or femininity of someone. The similarities and differences
that people possess in regards to these factors decide where they fall on the socially stratified ladder
of
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17. Living in a society with only so much offered as free takes a toll on a person. "Offers" could be in
the form of money with opportunities, ranking as the most valuable. According to Joan Ferrante's
"Social Inequalities", social stratification is "the systematic process of categorizing and ranking
people on a scale of social worth such that one's ranking affects life chances in unequal ways"
(Ferrante). In simpler terms, social stratification is a hierarchy. In my situation, I am juggling the life
of a college student and a full–time worker who gets paid $7.25 an hour. With only $1000 in my
pockets at the end of the month, I am doing the best that I can to make ends meet. Even so, I am
met with some bumps in the road, but I still prevail. In the beginning, efficiently spending the
money that I earned served as a difficult task. It served as a difficult task because I could not
choose which expenditures were more important than the other was. I did not know which part of
my life I should spend more money on. Surprisingly, the bulk of my money did not go towards
rent. I shared a home with a roommate so my rent was only $150 and my utilities were $55. With
the Marta bus available in my area, I decided to use their services due to my home and my job
being approximately 2.1 miles apart. In addition, I spent $132.00 on health insurance. However, my
health insurance only covered the bare minimum. It included co–pays and fees for visiting the
doctor's office. There is a possibility
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18. Socialization and Social Stratification Essay
Socialisation is a learning process where people learn and adapt to the appropriate and accepted
values, attitudes and behaviours of their society. Nevertheless, separate groups exist within societies
for reasons including ethnicity, class and culture and these can bring their own set of 'norms'. Bond
and Bond in Sociology and Social Care (2009 pg28) states "From the cradle to the grave we are
being socialised". Primary socialisation occurs from infancy to early adulthood. Secondary
socialisation follows into the later stages of maturity. Anticipatory socialisation is where we learn to
anticipate the actions and activities deemed appropriate by society. Resocialisation occurs when we
learn new behaviours in response to new situations and...show more content...
On the other hand, conflict theory perspective, which is interested in the 'imbalance of power in
society' views social stratification as an unsuccessful and ineffective system as it maintains
imbalances of power and benefits only those in a position of prestige. Socialisation and social
stratification impacts on our lives both positively and negatively. This essay will explore those
effects in relation to social class and ethnicity and analyse how it impacts on the health and
well–beings of those groups. That analysis will entail looking at inequalities in health and the impact
and explanations for such inequalities. For my conclusion I will be reflecting on the topics discussed
and summarising the main issues.
Social Class
Stratification by economic status creates social classes. In Ireland, class structures are organised
by occupation, ranging from professional workers such as doctors in class 1 to refuse collectors
in class 7. The process of classifying people by occupation does not account for those in society
who have no occupation such as the retired and long tern unemployed and those unable to work due
to illness or disability. These people subsequently become known as the 'declassed'. The class
structure does not take account of women who work within the home as "women can be categorised
according to their husband's occupation". The Carstairs Social Deprivation Indicator which is used
in Britain takes other elements such as car ownership and overcrowding
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19. In our daily social life, when people meeting together whether with a stranger or a friend, they are
likely to classify others by a certain category of characteristics consciously or unconsciously.
However, making categories not only applies to individual life, also societies have categories, as
what the sociologists called stratification. Stratification which divides people according to social
structures refers to bigger areas of factor including gender, age, ethnicity, family lineage, economic
and achievement. There are several characteristics of stratification (McLenna, et al 2007), firstly,
stratification creates beliefs that reflect the social structure, which formed the second character. The
beliefs access to the society like institutions and political groups. Lastly, stratification divides people
as groups, and put same expectation to the group. Unfortunately, the effects of stratification are not
so positive, in contrast, it enhances social inequality. Class as a significant form of inequality, which
formed in the very beginning of industrial society (McLenna, et al 2007). There are quite lots of
researches that focus on class studies, and it has been counted as the fundamental part of sociology.
However, the main idea of this essay is to discover social class from personal experiences and
extend to the social phenomenon in the general public but mainly using China as the example.
Almost all sociologists have researched on stratification and social class in various
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20. Social Stratification And Its Impact On Society
Social stratification is described as the hierarchy order of people within a society. (Macionis,
2004, p.186). Every society has a system in which it functions. Society is usually classified in two
forms of systems, the closed system known as castle system or open systems known as class
systems. In a castle system individuals are classified from birth and there is limited social mobility
to move up or down social categories. In the class system, individuals have social status from birth
and personal achievements. Davis and Moore argued the positive effects of social stratification in our
society. Davis and Moore advocate greater rewards for more prestigious positions as a way to
motivate individuals to work well thus enhancing society. Davis and Moore contend that some
positions are more important than others because they provide a greater contribution to society and
require more expertise (Macionis, 2004, p.193). Conferring with Moore and Davis these rewards
would create stratification which causes inequality in our society. Some criticism came from Melvin
Tumin about how society assess what is an important occupations and how does society determine
the level of rewards for certain occupation. These claims have brought about many issues to consider
relating to social stratification.
Social hierarchy is as essential as birth order. Social stratification in our society cannot be evaded but
the negative effects have cause great inequality. When social status is based on
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