7 categories of collaborative services on the digital platform

1. Designing collabora.ve services on the
digital pla4orm
The role of ICT in the diffusion of social innova5on
Baek Joon Sang
PhD candidate
DIS‐INDACO
Politecnico di Milano

2. Research theme
How does informa5on communica5on technologies (ICT)
influence the social network of collabora5ve organiza5ons and
the diffusion of collabora5ve services?

3. Research domains
Strategic
Social
design and
innova5on
service design
Design for
sustainability

4. Research domains
Peer‐to‐Peer digital
Social network
plaMorm
Collabora5ve service
Designing collabora5ve
services on the digital
plaMorm
Strategic
Social
design and
innova5on
service design
Design for
sustainability

5. Research Needs
Extrinsic needs Intrinsic needs
• iffuse ICT has democra5zed
D • revious works on design for social
P
innova5ons and new ways of innova5on and sustainability have
collabora5on are emerging. focused on collec5ng and analyzing
promising cases of crea5ve
• n the period when transi5on
I communi5es, designing services that
towards sustainability is urgently support collabora5on and innova5on
needed (environmentally, socially and of the communi5es.
economically), we have
unprecedented opportuni5es that • y iden5fying how ICT enriches
B
make the present the right moment social network of collabora5ve
to diffuse social innova5on. organiza5ons and how innova5on
spreads through ICT, we can use ICT
as an effec5ve tool to diffuse
collabora5ve services.

6. Research Needs
Extrinsic needs Intrinsic needs
• iffuse ICT has democra5zed
D • revious works on design for social
P
innova5ons and new ways of innova5on and sustainability have
collabora5on are emerging. focused on collec5ng and analyzing
promising cases of crea5ve
• n the period when transi5on
I communi5es, designing services that
towards sustainability is urgently support collabora5on and innova5on
needed (environmentally, socially and of the communi5es.
economically), we have
unprecedented opportuni5es that • y iden5fying how ICT enriches
B
make the present the right moment social network of collabora5ve
to diffuse social innova5on. organiza5ons and how innova5on
spreads through ICT, we can use ICT
as an effec5ve tool to diffuse
collabora5ve services.

7. Research Ques.ons
“How does ICT influence the social network of collabora5ve
services?”
“How innova5on spreads through the social network of a
collabora5ve organiza5on?”
“How ICT can contribute to diffusing collabora5ve services for
sustainable local development?”

8. Research goal
The research goal is to design a service design tool that helps
designers and developers to develop enabling solu5ons for
sustainable local development.

9. Research structure
Background
Areas of interest
theory
Research ques5on
Focal theory
Hypothesis
Stage 3. Design and
Stage 1. Case studies Stage 2. Projects
applica5on of a tool
Case study of Par5cipa5on in the Design of a service Literature studies
collabora5ve services design projects on design tool for
on the digital sustainable local developing an enabling
plaMorm development solu5on and
Data theory applica5on of the tool
What do designers/
How do people use
developers need in Does the tool
ICT to meet their
developing enabling contribute to the
social needs through
solu5ons on digital diffusion of
collabora5on?
plaMorm? collabora5ve service?
Contribu5on Ar5cula5on of the findings
Placing them in professional and academic discourse
Framing appropriate theore5cal context

10. Research structure
Background
Areas of interest
theory
Research ques5on
Focal theory
Hypothesis
Stage 3. Design and
Stage 1. Case studies Stage 2. Projects
applica5on of a tool
Case study of Par5cipa5on in the Design of a service Literature studies
collabora5ve services design projects on design tool for
on the digital sustainable local developing an enabling
plaMorm development solu5on and
Data theory applica5on of the tool
What do designers/
How do people use
developers need in Does the tool
ICT to meet their
developing enabling contribute to the
social needs through
solu5ons on digital diffusion of
collabora5on?
plaMorm? collabora5ve service?
Contribu5on Ar5cula5on of the findings
Placing them in professional and academic discourse
Framing appropriate theore5cal context

11. Preliminary research: Case studies
• Aim: To collect the cases of collabora5ve service on the digital
plaMorm. To iden5fy the use of ICT in collabora5ve services
and their impact on the social network of collabora5ve
organiza5ons
• Partner: The Founda5on of Banca E5ca
• Period: 2008 November ~ 2009 July
• Method: Website analysis, interview (on and offline)
• Results: Light analysis of 25 cases, in‐depth analysis of 10
cases

12. Criteria for selec.ng the cases
• More than 100 candidates of digital solu5ons – web and
mobile plaMorms – have been looked into.
• 25 Cases were selected using the three criteria:
1. A service uses informa5on communica5on technologies to
promote itself and enhance communica5on within community.
2. A service requires collabora5on in both the physical and the
digital worlds.
3. A service must be designed and provided by users in order to
sa5sfy their unmet social needs. Therefore, government or
corporate‐oriented cases were excluded.
• 10 Cases were selected from the 25 cases for in‐depth
analysis.

14. Grofun
Green map
Pledgebank
Open green map
Ac5vmob
Couch surfing
No 10 Pe55ons
Meetup
FixMyStreet
Diabe5cs' meetup Hitchhikers
mySociety.org
Katrinalist.net
RED Open
Shelfari
Health Project
Bookcrossing Aka aki Hope ins5tute
Carrotmob Mapo dure
Vicini vicini
Economia solidale
Zero rela5vo
One life Japan
Peladeiros
Solidarius
Sistema FBES

15. 28 Cases hlp://www.sustainable‐everyday.net/codi/
Case Form Service area Origin Since
Hitchhikers enabling solu5on Mainly Europe The Netherlands 1999
Hope ins5tute enabling solu5on South Korea South Korea 2006
Peladeiros enabling solu5on Brazil Brazil 2001
Vicini vicini enabling solu5on Rome, Italy Italy 1999
Green map enabling solu5on Worldwide US 1995
Open green map enabling solu5on Worldwide US 2008
Grofun collabora5ve service Bristol, UK UK 2007
Couch surfing enabling solu5on Worldwide US 2004
Meetup enabling solu5on Worldwide US 2001
Pledgebank enabling solu5on UK and 12 other countries UK 2005
Katrinalist.net enabling solu5on US US 2005
Shelfari enabling solu5on Worldwide US 2006
Bookcrossing enabling solu5on Worldwide US 2001
Mapo dure plaMorm Seoul, South Korea South Korea 1997
Ac5vmob enabling solu5on Kent, UK UK 2008
Aka aki enabling solu5on Germany Germany 2008
Carrotmob enabling solu5on US US 2008
Economia solidale enabling solu5on Italy Italy 1994
No 10 Pe55ons enabling solu5on UK UK 2006
FixMyStreet enabling solu5on UK UK ?
WiserEarth enabling solu5on Worldwide 2007
Solidarius enabling solu5on Brazil Brazil 2008
mySociety.org plaMorm Worldwide UK 2003
Sistema FBES enabling solu5on Brazil Brazil ?
RED Open Health Project enabling solu5on UK UK 2004
Diabe5cs' meetup collabora5ve service US US 2009
Zero rela5vo enabling solu5on Italy Italy 2006
Timebanks plaMorm US US 1980's

16. Finding 1. 7 types of collabora.ve service
1. Producer/consumer network
2. Mapping diffused informa5on
3. Aggregate social ac5on
4. Crea5ng social network for conviviality
5. Mutual support circle
6. Competences, 5me and products exchange
7. Products, places and knowledge sharing

17. 28 cases in 7 types
Competences,
Producers / Mapping Creating social Products, places
case (column) - service Aggregated Mutual-support time and
consumers diffused network for knowledge
typology (row) social action circles products
networks information conviviality sharing
exchange
Hitchhikers o
Social invention center in
o
Hope institute
Peladeiros o
Vicini vicini o
Green map o
Open green map o
Grofun o
Couch surfing o
Meetup (enabling solution)
Diabetics' meetup
(collaborative service) o
Club Tutti Milano
o
(collaborative service)
Pledgebank o
Shelfari o
Bookcrossing o
Mapo dure (platform)
Car sharing (collaborative
o
service)
Dure shop o
Aka aki o
Carrotmob o
GAS o (o)
No 10 Petitions o
FixMyStreet o
WiserEarth
Solidarius o
mySociety.org (platform)
Sistema FBES (enabling
o
solution)
Open health project by RED
o
(platform)

18. 1. Producers/consumers network
Producer/consumer network is a type of collabora5ve service in
which producers and consumers pursue mutual benefits by
establishing a direct network.

19. 2. Mapping diffused informa.on
Mapping diffused informa5on is a collabora5ve service in which
users collaborate to map diffused loca5onal informa5on.

20. 3. Aggregated social ac.on
Aggregated social ac5on is a collabora5ve service in which
people act together and use their collec5ve power to achieve
social goals.

21. 4. Crea.ng social network for conviviality
Crea5ng social network for conviviality is a collabora5ve service
whose primary goal is to improve social conviviality by forming
and reinforcing a social network. People are oqen from the same
locality and interact face‐to‐face and virtually on a regular basis.

22. 5. Mutual‐support circles
Mutual support circles are a collabora5ve service where people
provide mutual support to one another in order to solve problems
that they have in common.

23. 6. Competences, .me and products exchange
Competences, 5me and products exchange is a collabora5ve
service in which people collaborate through the exchange of
competences, 5me and products.

24. 7. Products, places and knowledge sharing
Products, places knowledge sharing is a collabora5ve service in
which people collaborate through sharing products, places and
knowledge.

25. Finding 2. The structural system of collabora.ve services
A platform hosts one or more enabling solutions
PlaMorm e.g.) Zoes

26. Finding 2. The structural system of collabora.ve services
An enabling solution motivates and empowers people to
Enabling solu5on create a service to meet their needs e.g.) Meetup
A platform hosts one or more enabling solutions
PlaMorm e.g.) Zoes

27. Finding 2. The structural system of collabora.ve services
Collabora5ve A service created by users involves activities in the digital
service and/or physical world. e.g.) Seattle Social Diabetics
An enabling solution motivates and empowers people to
Enabling solu5on create a service to meet their needs e.g.) Meetup
A platform hosts one or more enabling solutions
PlaMorm e.g.) Zoes

28. Finding 2. The structural system of collabora.ve services
An event is the result of a collaborative service in digital and/or
Event physical form. e.g.) Diabetics
Collabora5ve A service created by users involves activities in the digital
service and/or physical world. e.g.) Seattle Social Diabetics
An enabling solution motivates and empowers people to
Enabling solu5on create a service to meet their needs e.g.) Meetup
A platform hosts one or more enabling solutions
PlaMorm e.g.) Zoes

29. Findings 3. Typologies based on the SN structure

30. Finding 4. Collabora.ve service and social network
• In the process of designing a collabora5ve service, social
network is produced as a byproduct. ICT reinforces the
forma5on of the weak social 5es of collabora5ve
organiza5ons.
Produc5on of Produc5on of
a solu5on social network

31. Finding 4. Collabora.ve service and social network
• In the process of designing a collabora5ve service, social
network is produced as a byproduct. ICT reinforces the
forma5on of the weak social 5es.
• The social network thus formed facilitates the diffusion of a
solu5on and creates a condi5on for new collabora5ons,
thereby crea5ng a virtuous circle between the produc5on of a
solu5on and social network.
Produc5on of Produc5on of
a solu5on social network

32. Future works
• Case study of 4 design projects on sustainable local
development
– Services for sustainable local development in Chongming Island, China
– Community‐based tourism Project in Amazon, Brazil
– Agricultural South Park Project in Milan, Italy
– Time Bank Project in Tren5no, Italy
• Designing a tool for developing enabling solu5ons on the
digital plaMorm and applying it in a design exercise.

33. Thank you.