SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 57
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Food Policies in
The Global North
Driving ethos, current crisis,
growing alternatives
1
JOSE LUIS VIVERO POL
PhD Research Fellow
in Food Governance
Module “Global Food Policy & Developement”
Master in Food, Law and Finance 2017-18
International University College, Turin, Italy
Topics 2 be addressed
• Can we afford a healthy diet?
• Farm Bill: main food support & food assistance
policy in US
• CAP: main driver of EU food systems
• The productivist paradigm in the North
• Corporate Ethos VS Public Policies: profit-
maximization or commonwealth
• GMO Labelling in US
• Civic Collective Actions for Food
• Alternative Policy Options for the North
2
Food Policies in the Global North
Ultra-processed VS Fresh food
• Price evolution between fresh food and processed and
ultra-processed food between 1990 and 2012, a
research (Wiggins et al., 2015) found that fruits and
vegetable prices rose between 55-90% whereas ultra-
processed food prices simply dropped.
• The unhealthy food produced by the industrial food
system is subsidised, prioritised and most efficiently
per unit produced than the fresh ones, but it is not
better for our health, not better for the food
producer’s livelihood or the environment.
• Policy options: over-taxing ultra-processed food,
moving subsidies from commoditised food to fresh one
4
17 M households
7 M households
Food price effect
5
Farm Bill (2014-2023): $940 Billion
6
7
What Are the Various Types of Agriculture
Subsidies in Farm Bill?
• Farm subsidies include
• income support,
• price controls,
• land ownership loans,
• insurance, and
• disaster relief.
8
Winners and Losers
• Winners are large agriculture enterprises.[16] Indeed, the
vast majority of larger farms collect subsidies compared to
only 24% of the (relatively) little farms.
• Big farms with gross sales of +$1 million received 8% in 1991
and 23% now. Family farms shrank from 34% in 1991 to 15%
in 2009.[17]
• Members of Congress and their immediate families are
eligible for farm subsidies.
[16] Robert A. Hoppe and David E. Banker, “Structure and Finances of U.S. Farms,” USDA Family Farm
Report, July 2010, http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/ EIB66/EIB66.pdf (accessed May 30, 2012).
[17] T. Kirk White and Robert A. Hoppe, “Changing Farm Structure and the Distribution of Farm
Payments and Federal Crop Insurance,” USDA Economic Research Service, February
2012, http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/EIB91/EIB91.pdf (accessed May 30, 2012).
9
Food Policies in the Global North
Food Policies in the Global North
Food Policies in the Global North
THIS IS THE EUROPEAN
FOOD SYSTEM
13
Food Insecurity (unability to eat meat
every second day): 10.9%.
13.5 M people
2.7% increase since austerity
measures
30 M Malnutrition
(Transmango Project)
14
Food security
in compliance
with societal
requirements
Fair income
Singularity of
the agricultural
sector
Reasonable
consumer
price
Guiding
Principles of
EU CAP
1962-2016
15
RECAP: Europe´s Food Security in 1 min
• 1945-1980: Increase production at any cost
• 1980-2008: Production reached. So…quality,
lower prices, commodification (biofuels,
financialisation, long chains, global trade)
• 2008-2016: Two food crises. Climate change
will threat Food. Limited resources (water, soil,
P, N). Obesity
• 2016-2050: Securing Food Supply. More trade.
Common Food Policy
16
1962: produce more + good prices
for farmers
Guaranteed Prices & Shared Funding
1992: From market to producer
support
1990s: Organic farming & food
quality
2000: Rural Development
2003: CAP REF (market oriented &
conditionality)
2000s: Open Food Trade (EBA)
What do we do with farmers?
2007: Farming population doubles
2011: CAP REF (competitiveness).
Climate Change, Rural Landscapes,
employment, leisure, innovation
2014: CAP is 40% of
EU Budget
52 Billion Euro
(0.43% of EU GDP)
17
• Farmers represent 5.4 percent of the EU’s population. Yet
they receive 40 percent of the EU’s total budget through
CAP.
• Bigger farmers are the greatest beneficiaries, with 20% of
farmers estimated to receive 74% of funding
• Europe’s taxpayers hand over €52 billion in subsidies
EU AGRICULTURE´S SHARE
• 12 million farms in the European Union (2010).
• Around 10 million persons are (directly) employed in
agriculture, representing 5% of total employment
• Farm Structure Survey (FSS) indicates that 25 million
people were regularly engaged in farm work (agriculture +
non-agriculture) in the EU during 2010
Source: EU Agricultural Economics Briefs No 8 | July 2013. How many people work in agriculture in the European
Union? An answer based on Eurostat data sources
http://www.ecpa.eu/information-page/agriculture-today/common-agricultural-policy-cap 18
19
20
Why so much for so few?
Although not recognized publicly, food is not like
other commodities. It is “the special one”
In 1985, around 70% of EU budget went to agriculture
“Agriculture's relatively large share of the EU budget is entirely
justified; it is the only policy funded almost entirely from the
budget. This means that EU spending replaces national
expenditure to a large extent”
“The average EU farmer receives less than half of what the
average US farmer receives in public support”
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/budget/explained/myths/myths_en.cfm
21
Food Policies in the Global North
Food Policies in the Global North
Food Policies in the Global North
1. Sustainable Intensification (science)
2. Green Growth (UN + Governments)
3. New Green Revolution (Corporate)
4. Climat-smart Agriculture (World Bank)
Food Policies in the Global North
If we waste one third of total food production
(wasted land, money, labourforce, energy, GHG emissions) AND
humanity is proyected to increased just 20%
(from 7.2 B in 2012 to 9 B in 2050),
why do we need to increase production by 50-70%?
Academia questioning the productivist paradigm
Driving Ethos in Food System
28
Profit-driven Maximisation VS Public Interest:
colliding narratives?
29
News sparked furious condemnation from green MEPs
and NGOs, intensified by the report’s release two days
before an EU relicensing vote on glyphosate, which will
be worth billions of dollars to industry.
30
31
32
19
76
20
16
33
34
GMO
Labelling
in USA
35
36
37
38
This law will
prevent
States to
issue their
own laws,
more
stringent &
detailed
39
TRANSITION MOVEMENT
Contemporary collective
actions for food
(urban consumers)
Alter-hegemonic + gradual
Food Policies in the Global North
42
Food Policies in the Global North
Food Policies in the Global North
Food Policies in the Global North
Food Policies in the Global North
47
The six food dimensions relevant to humans:
multi-dimensional food as commons VS mono-dimensional food as commodity
Source: Vivero-Pol (in press). http://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201701.0073/v1
Proposals
for an EU
COMMONS
FOOD
POLICY
48
To guarantee school
meals for all students in
public schools
49
To support local purchase
(small farming, agro-
ecology & cooperatives) to
satisfy food needs of
municipal premises
50
Stricter & innovative rules to
avoid food waste
To recycle all expired food (i.e. France)
Supporting citizens´ collective actions to
reduced waste,
promote food sharing
and co-producing
51
Shifting from charitable food
(Food Banks) to food as right
(Universal Food Coverage)
A food bank network that is
universal, accountable, compulsory
and not voluntary, random, targeted
52
Compulsory rooftop
greening for every
new building
(with edibles, non-edibles)
53
Establishing bakeries
where every citizen
can get access to a
bread loaf every day
(if needed or willing to)
54
Encourage Food Policy
Councils (open membership
to citizens) through
participatory democracies,
financial seed capital and
enabling laws55
Set target for food provisioning in
2030
(Food Council)
• 60% private sector
• 25% self-production (collective
actions)
• 15% state-provisioning (public
buildings, destitute people,
unemployed families) through
Universal Food Coverage
56
57
Eager to exchange on food as a commons
Many uncertainties & gaps remain to be
developed in a common way combining
praxis with normative social constructs
@joselviveropol
joseluisviveropol
http://hambreyderechoshumanos.blogspot.com
http://hungerpolitics.wordpress.com
Jose Luis Vivero Pol
joseluisvivero@gmail.com

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Valuation of food dimensions & policy beliefs in transitional food systems
Valuation of food dimensions & policy beliefs in transitional food systemsValuation of food dimensions & policy beliefs in transitional food systems
Valuation of food dimensions & policy beliefs in transitional food systemsUniversite Catholique de Louvain
 
Resilient food supply chains: Exposing and addressing gaps
Resilient food supply chains: Exposing and addressing gapsResilient food supply chains: Exposing and addressing gaps
Resilient food supply chains: Exposing and addressing gapsILRI
 
Agricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st Century
Agricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st CenturyAgricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st Century
Agricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st CenturyDuPont
 
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...ILRI
 
Measuring Global Progress Toward Food and Nutrition Security
Measuring Global Progress Toward Food and Nutrition SecurityMeasuring Global Progress Toward Food and Nutrition Security
Measuring Global Progress Toward Food and Nutrition SecurityDuPont
 
Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)
Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)
Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)ILRI
 
What are the benefits to plant health, and risks to human health of using man...
What are the benefits to plant health, and risks to human health of using man...What are the benefits to plant health, and risks to human health of using man...
What are the benefits to plant health, and risks to human health of using man...ILRI
 
Oliver wyman report english-low
Oliver wyman report english-lowOliver wyman report english-low
Oliver wyman report english-lowLearningade
 
Transforming the global food systems: Challenges and opportunities
Transforming the global food systems: Challenges and opportunitiesTransforming the global food systems: Challenges and opportunities
Transforming the global food systems: Challenges and opportunitiesILRI
 
Food commons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival
Food commons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survivalFood commons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival
Food commons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survivalUniversite Catholique de Louvain
 
Food is not a right in the SDGs. The EU position analysed.
Food is not a right in the SDGs. The EU position analysed.Food is not a right in the SDGs. The EU position analysed.
Food is not a right in the SDGs. The EU position analysed.Universite Catholique de Louvain
 
The One Health research-for-development agenda: Enhance holistic health of pe...
The One Health research-for-development agenda: Enhance holistic health of pe...The One Health research-for-development agenda: Enhance holistic health of pe...
The One Health research-for-development agenda: Enhance holistic health of pe...ILRI
 
The interplay of knowledge and natural resources: Ensuring the health, wealth...
The interplay of knowledge and natural resources: Ensuring the health, wealth...The interplay of knowledge and natural resources: Ensuring the health, wealth...
The interplay of knowledge and natural resources: Ensuring the health, wealth...ILRI
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

How to reclaim our food commons?
How to reclaim our food commons?How to reclaim our food commons?
How to reclaim our food commons?
 
Valuation of food dimensions & policy beliefs in transitional food systems
Valuation of food dimensions & policy beliefs in transitional food systemsValuation of food dimensions & policy beliefs in transitional food systems
Valuation of food dimensions & policy beliefs in transitional food systems
 
Hunger and Food Security
Hunger and Food SecurityHunger and Food Security
Hunger and Food Security
 
Resilient food supply chains: Exposing and addressing gaps
Resilient food supply chains: Exposing and addressing gapsResilient food supply chains: Exposing and addressing gaps
Resilient food supply chains: Exposing and addressing gaps
 
Agricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st Century
Agricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st CenturyAgricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st Century
Agricultural Innovation & Productivity for the 21st Century
 
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...
Ruminant livestock production systems and imperatives for sustainable develop...
 
Measuring Global Progress Toward Food and Nutrition Security
Measuring Global Progress Toward Food and Nutrition SecurityMeasuring Global Progress Toward Food and Nutrition Security
Measuring Global Progress Toward Food and Nutrition Security
 
Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)
Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)
Animal health and animal welfare (focus on One Health)
 
What are the benefits to plant health, and risks to human health of using man...
What are the benefits to plant health, and risks to human health of using man...What are the benefits to plant health, and risks to human health of using man...
What are the benefits to plant health, and risks to human health of using man...
 
Oliver wyman report english-low
Oliver wyman report english-lowOliver wyman report english-low
Oliver wyman report english-low
 
IFOAM_engl
IFOAM_englIFOAM_engl
IFOAM_engl
 
Transforming the global food systems: Challenges and opportunities
Transforming the global food systems: Challenges and opportunitiesTransforming the global food systems: Challenges and opportunities
Transforming the global food systems: Challenges and opportunities
 
Food commons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival
Food commons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survivalFood commons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival
Food commons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival
 
Food is not a right in the SDGs. The EU position analysed.
Food is not a right in the SDGs. The EU position analysed.Food is not a right in the SDGs. The EU position analysed.
Food is not a right in the SDGs. The EU position analysed.
 
Normative food narratives shape future food transitions
Normative food narratives shape future food transitions Normative food narratives shape future food transitions
Normative food narratives shape future food transitions
 
The One Health research-for-development agenda: Enhance holistic health of pe...
The One Health research-for-development agenda: Enhance holistic health of pe...The One Health research-for-development agenda: Enhance holistic health of pe...
The One Health research-for-development agenda: Enhance holistic health of pe...
 
The interplay of knowledge and natural resources: Ensuring the health, wealth...
The interplay of knowledge and natural resources: Ensuring the health, wealth...The interplay of knowledge and natural resources: Ensuring the health, wealth...
The interplay of knowledge and natural resources: Ensuring the health, wealth...
 
Diversified Farming & Diets - Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Zambia
Diversified Farming & Diets - Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in ZambiaDiversified Farming & Diets - Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Zambia
Diversified Farming & Diets - Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Zambia
 
Reframing food From commodity to commons
Reframing food From commodity to commonsReframing food From commodity to commons
Reframing food From commodity to commons
 
Food security
Food securityFood security
Food security
 

Similar a Food Policies in the Global North

Cades lecture november 2013: agriculture, food & globalisation
Cades lecture november 2013: agriculture, food & globalisationCades lecture november 2013: agriculture, food & globalisation
Cades lecture november 2013: agriculture, food & globalisationchris claes
 
KVS Brussel, hunger for trade, november 2013: the farmer effect
KVS Brussel, hunger for trade, november 2013: the farmer effectKVS Brussel, hunger for trade, november 2013: the farmer effect
KVS Brussel, hunger for trade, november 2013: the farmer effectchris claes
 
Averting Farmageddon: Sustainable Food for All - Proceedings
Averting Farmageddon: Sustainable Food for All - ProceedingsAverting Farmageddon: Sustainable Food for All - Proceedings
Averting Farmageddon: Sustainable Food for All - ProceedingsCompassion in World Farming
 
Nijenrode lecture 2021 krijn poppe
Nijenrode lecture 2021 krijn poppeNijenrode lecture 2021 krijn poppe
Nijenrode lecture 2021 krijn poppeKrijn Poppe
 
Food sustainability
Food sustainabilityFood sustainability
Food sustainabilityIJARIIT
 
Remarks on Food Security by Senator Richard G. Lugar
Remarks on Food Security by Senator Richard G. LugarRemarks on Food Security by Senator Richard G. Lugar
Remarks on Food Security by Senator Richard G. LugarBASIS AMA Innovation Lab
 
Eva vegetarianism and sustainability
Eva vegetarianism and sustainabilityEva vegetarianism and sustainability
Eva vegetarianism and sustainabilityJan Leyssens
 
Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Ep Economy
Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Ep EconomyAdvantages And Disadvantages Of The Ep Economy
Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Ep EconomySandra Campbell
 
Rural transformation and nutrition transition: Same pathways, different speeds?
Rural transformation and nutrition transition: Same pathways, different speeds?Rural transformation and nutrition transition: Same pathways, different speeds?
Rural transformation and nutrition transition: Same pathways, different speeds?IFPRI-PIM
 
Wake up before it´s too late! Agriculture at the crossroads: Assuring food se...
Wake up before it´s too late! Agriculture at the crossroads: Assuring food se...Wake up before it´s too late! Agriculture at the crossroads: Assuring food se...
Wake up before it´s too late! Agriculture at the crossroads: Assuring food se...SIANI
 
Governing food security paveliuc olariu
Governing food security paveliuc olariuGoverning food security paveliuc olariu
Governing food security paveliuc olariuCodrin Paveliuc-Olariu
 
Building alliances between farmers & environmentalists - Luigi Boccaccio
Building alliances between farmers & environmentalists - Luigi BoccaccioBuilding alliances between farmers & environmentalists - Luigi Boccaccio
Building alliances between farmers & environmentalists - Luigi BoccaccioIreland's National Rural Network
 
Food-Security-in-the-Context-of-COVID19_Challenges-and-Opportunities-.pptx
Food-Security-in-the-Context-of-COVID19_Challenges-and-Opportunities-.pptxFood-Security-in-the-Context-of-COVID19_Challenges-and-Opportunities-.pptx
Food-Security-in-the-Context-of-COVID19_Challenges-and-Opportunities-.pptxzulink1080
 
Shaping Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition: Im...
Shaping Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition: Im...Shaping Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition: Im...
Shaping Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition: Im...ExternalEvents
 

Similar a Food Policies in the Global North (20)

Cades lecture november 2013: agriculture, food & globalisation
Cades lecture november 2013: agriculture, food & globalisationCades lecture november 2013: agriculture, food & globalisation
Cades lecture november 2013: agriculture, food & globalisation
 
Tim Lang Brexit Food Thinkers 26/10/2016
Tim Lang Brexit Food Thinkers 26/10/2016Tim Lang Brexit Food Thinkers 26/10/2016
Tim Lang Brexit Food Thinkers 26/10/2016
 
KVS Brussel, hunger for trade, november 2013: the farmer effect
KVS Brussel, hunger for trade, november 2013: the farmer effectKVS Brussel, hunger for trade, november 2013: the farmer effect
KVS Brussel, hunger for trade, november 2013: the farmer effect
 
Averting Farmageddon: Sustainable Food for All - Proceedings
Averting Farmageddon: Sustainable Food for All - ProceedingsAverting Farmageddon: Sustainable Food for All - Proceedings
Averting Farmageddon: Sustainable Food for All - Proceedings
 
British food report feb 2017
British food report feb 2017British food report feb 2017
British food report feb 2017
 
Scifood lecture
Scifood lectureScifood lecture
Scifood lecture
 
Nijenrode lecture 2021 krijn poppe
Nijenrode lecture 2021 krijn poppeNijenrode lecture 2021 krijn poppe
Nijenrode lecture 2021 krijn poppe
 
Food sustainability
Food sustainabilityFood sustainability
Food sustainability
 
Remarks on Food Security by Senator Richard G. Lugar
Remarks on Food Security by Senator Richard G. LugarRemarks on Food Security by Senator Richard G. Lugar
Remarks on Food Security by Senator Richard G. Lugar
 
Eva vegetarianism and sustainability
Eva vegetarianism and sustainabilityEva vegetarianism and sustainability
Eva vegetarianism and sustainability
 
Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Ep Economy
Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Ep EconomyAdvantages And Disadvantages Of The Ep Economy
Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Ep Economy
 
Rural transformation and nutrition transition: Same pathways, different speeds?
Rural transformation and nutrition transition: Same pathways, different speeds?Rural transformation and nutrition transition: Same pathways, different speeds?
Rural transformation and nutrition transition: Same pathways, different speeds?
 
The right price of food and food policy
The right price of food and food policy The right price of food and food policy
The right price of food and food policy
 
Reshaping agriculture to reduce obesity
Reshaping agriculture to reduce obesityReshaping agriculture to reduce obesity
Reshaping agriculture to reduce obesity
 
Wake up before it´s too late! Agriculture at the crossroads: Assuring food se...
Wake up before it´s too late! Agriculture at the crossroads: Assuring food se...Wake up before it´s too late! Agriculture at the crossroads: Assuring food se...
Wake up before it´s too late! Agriculture at the crossroads: Assuring food se...
 
Governing food security paveliuc olariu
Governing food security paveliuc olariuGoverning food security paveliuc olariu
Governing food security paveliuc olariu
 
Building alliances between farmers & environmentalists - Luigi Boccaccio
Building alliances between farmers & environmentalists - Luigi BoccaccioBuilding alliances between farmers & environmentalists - Luigi Boccaccio
Building alliances between farmers & environmentalists - Luigi Boccaccio
 
Food-Security-in-the-Context-of-COVID19_Challenges-and-Opportunities-.pptx
Food-Security-in-the-Context-of-COVID19_Challenges-and-Opportunities-.pptxFood-Security-in-the-Context-of-COVID19_Challenges-and-Opportunities-.pptx
Food-Security-in-the-Context-of-COVID19_Challenges-and-Opportunities-.pptx
 
Shenggen Fan - Agricultural Development: New Perspectives in a Changing World
Shenggen Fan - Agricultural Development: New Perspectives in a Changing WorldShenggen Fan - Agricultural Development: New Perspectives in a Changing World
Shenggen Fan - Agricultural Development: New Perspectives in a Changing World
 
Shaping Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition: Im...
Shaping Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition: Im...Shaping Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition: Im...
Shaping Sustainable Food Systems for Healthy Diets and Improved Nutrition: Im...
 

Más de Universite Catholique de Louvain

OUR FOOD AS A COMMONS: Reframing the food narrative for a fair & sustainable ...
OUR FOOD AS A COMMONS: Reframing the food narrative for a fair & sustainable ...OUR FOOD AS A COMMONS: Reframing the food narrative for a fair & sustainable ...
OUR FOOD AS A COMMONS: Reframing the food narrative for a fair & sustainable ...Universite Catholique de Louvain
 
La España Vacia está llena de comunes. Espacios de innovacion para economias ...
La España Vacia está llena de comunes. Espacios de innovacion para economias ...La España Vacia está llena de comunes. Espacios de innovacion para economias ...
La España Vacia está llena de comunes. Espacios de innovacion para economias ...Universite Catholique de Louvain
 
REPENSAR EL SISTEMA ALIMENTARIO. Gestionar los alimentos como bienes comunes,...
REPENSAR EL SISTEMA ALIMENTARIO. Gestionar los alimentos como bienes comunes,...REPENSAR EL SISTEMA ALIMENTARIO. Gestionar los alimentos como bienes comunes,...
REPENSAR EL SISTEMA ALIMENTARIO. Gestionar los alimentos como bienes comunes,...Universite Catholique de Louvain
 
#FoodCommons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival
#FoodCommons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival#FoodCommons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival
#FoodCommons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survivalUniversite Catholique de Louvain
 
Heirloom value as relevant policy belief for agro-biodiversity initiatives
Heirloom value as relevant policy belief for agro-biodiversity initiativesHeirloom value as relevant policy belief for agro-biodiversity initiatives
Heirloom value as relevant policy belief for agro-biodiversity initiativesUniversite Catholique de Louvain
 
Food values and policy beliefs in collective actions in Belgium
Food values and policy beliefs in collective actions in BelgiumFood values and policy beliefs in collective actions in Belgium
Food values and policy beliefs in collective actions in BelgiumUniversite Catholique de Louvain
 
Territories of commons: food, heritage, nature, climate mitigation, democracy
Territories of commons: food, heritage, nature, climate mitigation, democracyTerritories of commons: food, heritage, nature, climate mitigation, democracy
Territories of commons: food, heritage, nature, climate mitigation, democracyUniversite Catholique de Louvain
 
Food as a commons: A paradigm for a fair and sustainable transition
Food as a commons: A paradigm for a fair and sustainable transitionFood as a commons: A paradigm for a fair and sustainable transition
Food as a commons: A paradigm for a fair and sustainable transitionUniversite Catholique de Louvain
 

Más de Universite Catholique de Louvain (17)

The Hunger Games: A critical analysis of a bestseller
The Hunger Games: A critical analysis of a bestsellerThe Hunger Games: A critical analysis of a bestseller
The Hunger Games: A critical analysis of a bestseller
 
L'alimentation comme bien commun et droit humain.
L'alimentation comme bien commun et droit humain. L'alimentation comme bien commun et droit humain.
L'alimentation comme bien commun et droit humain.
 
Universal food access: Enacting food as a public good
Universal food access: Enacting food as a public goodUniversal food access: Enacting food as a public good
Universal food access: Enacting food as a public good
 
OUR FOOD AS A COMMONS: Reframing the food narrative for a fair & sustainable ...
OUR FOOD AS A COMMONS: Reframing the food narrative for a fair & sustainable ...OUR FOOD AS A COMMONS: Reframing the food narrative for a fair & sustainable ...
OUR FOOD AS A COMMONS: Reframing the food narrative for a fair & sustainable ...
 
La España Vacia está llena de comunes. Espacios de innovacion para economias ...
La España Vacia está llena de comunes. Espacios de innovacion para economias ...La España Vacia está llena de comunes. Espacios de innovacion para economias ...
La España Vacia está llena de comunes. Espacios de innovacion para economias ...
 
REPENSAR EL SISTEMA ALIMENTARIO. Gestionar los alimentos como bienes comunes,...
REPENSAR EL SISTEMA ALIMENTARIO. Gestionar los alimentos como bienes comunes,...REPENSAR EL SISTEMA ALIMENTARIO. Gestionar los alimentos como bienes comunes,...
REPENSAR EL SISTEMA ALIMENTARIO. Gestionar los alimentos como bienes comunes,...
 
#FoodCommons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival
#FoodCommons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival#FoodCommons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival
#FoodCommons: a disruptive narrative and moral compass for human survival
 
Heirloom value as relevant policy belief for agro-biodiversity initiatives
Heirloom value as relevant policy belief for agro-biodiversity initiativesHeirloom value as relevant policy belief for agro-biodiversity initiatives
Heirloom value as relevant policy belief for agro-biodiversity initiatives
 
Food, law and the Commons
Food, law and the CommonsFood, law and the Commons
Food, law and the Commons
 
Social Food Movements
Social Food MovementsSocial Food Movements
Social Food Movements
 
Alimentation comme bien commun
Alimentation comme bien communAlimentation comme bien commun
Alimentation comme bien commun
 
The Hunger Games: a critical analysis of a bestseller
The Hunger Games: a critical analysis of a bestsellerThe Hunger Games: a critical analysis of a bestseller
The Hunger Games: a critical analysis of a bestseller
 
Critical food studies: What does “critical” mean?
Critical food studies: What does “critical” mean? Critical food studies: What does “critical” mean?
Critical food studies: What does “critical” mean?
 
Food values and policy beliefs in collective actions in Belgium
Food values and policy beliefs in collective actions in BelgiumFood values and policy beliefs in collective actions in Belgium
Food values and policy beliefs in collective actions in Belgium
 
Conceptualizing food as commons
Conceptualizing food as commonsConceptualizing food as commons
Conceptualizing food as commons
 
Territories of commons: food, heritage, nature, climate mitigation, democracy
Territories of commons: food, heritage, nature, climate mitigation, democracyTerritories of commons: food, heritage, nature, climate mitigation, democracy
Territories of commons: food, heritage, nature, climate mitigation, democracy
 
Food as a commons: A paradigm for a fair and sustainable transition
Food as a commons: A paradigm for a fair and sustainable transitionFood as a commons: A paradigm for a fair and sustainable transition
Food as a commons: A paradigm for a fair and sustainable transition
 

Último

Ramadan Chocolate Gifts Ramadan Chocolate Gifts
Ramadan Chocolate Gifts Ramadan Chocolate GiftsRamadan Chocolate Gifts Ramadan Chocolate Gifts
Ramadan Chocolate Gifts Ramadan Chocolate Giftsoperations616114
 
Food Mutagens (Exploring Food Mutagens: Understanding Their Impact on Health ...
Food Mutagens (Exploring Food Mutagens: Understanding Their Impact on Health ...Food Mutagens (Exploring Food Mutagens: Understanding Their Impact on Health ...
Food Mutagens (Exploring Food Mutagens: Understanding Their Impact on Health ...Uswa34
 
Ramadan Dates Gift Box Ramadan Dates Gift Box
Ramadan Dates Gift Box Ramadan Dates Gift BoxRamadan Dates Gift Box Ramadan Dates Gift Box
Ramadan Dates Gift Box Ramadan Dates Gift Boxoperations616114
 
Kitchen Essentials & Basic Food Preparation CHAPTER 1.pptx
Kitchen Essentials & Basic Food Preparation CHAPTER 1.pptxKitchen Essentials & Basic Food Preparation CHAPTER 1.pptx
Kitchen Essentials & Basic Food Preparation CHAPTER 1.pptxMhackBalberanZara
 
Get Started with The Rolling Plate: Your Cloud Kitchen Business
Get Started with The Rolling Plate: Your Cloud Kitchen BusinessGet Started with The Rolling Plate: Your Cloud Kitchen Business
Get Started with The Rolling Plate: Your Cloud Kitchen BusinessTherollingplates
 
Best Verified 2 kala jadu Love Marriage Black Magic Punjab Powerful Black Mag...
Best Verified 2 kala jadu Love Marriage Black Magic Punjab Powerful Black Mag...Best Verified 2 kala jadu Love Marriage Black Magic Punjab Powerful Black Mag...
Best Verified 2 kala jadu Love Marriage Black Magic Punjab Powerful Black Mag...Amil baba
 

Último (8)

Ramadan Chocolate Gifts Ramadan Chocolate Gifts
Ramadan Chocolate Gifts Ramadan Chocolate GiftsRamadan Chocolate Gifts Ramadan Chocolate Gifts
Ramadan Chocolate Gifts Ramadan Chocolate Gifts
 
Food Mutagens (Exploring Food Mutagens: Understanding Their Impact on Health ...
Food Mutagens (Exploring Food Mutagens: Understanding Their Impact on Health ...Food Mutagens (Exploring Food Mutagens: Understanding Their Impact on Health ...
Food Mutagens (Exploring Food Mutagens: Understanding Their Impact on Health ...
 
Ramadan Dates Gift Box Ramadan Dates Gift Box
Ramadan Dates Gift Box Ramadan Dates Gift BoxRamadan Dates Gift Box Ramadan Dates Gift Box
Ramadan Dates Gift Box Ramadan Dates Gift Box
 
Take Dunkinrunsonyou.com survey At Dunkinrunsonyou.com.co
Take Dunkinrunsonyou.com survey At Dunkinrunsonyou.com.coTake Dunkinrunsonyou.com survey At Dunkinrunsonyou.com.co
Take Dunkinrunsonyou.com survey At Dunkinrunsonyou.com.co
 
PMG Newsletter (Volume 03. Issue 09).pdf
PMG Newsletter (Volume 03. Issue 09).pdfPMG Newsletter (Volume 03. Issue 09).pdf
PMG Newsletter (Volume 03. Issue 09).pdf
 
Kitchen Essentials & Basic Food Preparation CHAPTER 1.pptx
Kitchen Essentials & Basic Food Preparation CHAPTER 1.pptxKitchen Essentials & Basic Food Preparation CHAPTER 1.pptx
Kitchen Essentials & Basic Food Preparation CHAPTER 1.pptx
 
Get Started with The Rolling Plate: Your Cloud Kitchen Business
Get Started with The Rolling Plate: Your Cloud Kitchen BusinessGet Started with The Rolling Plate: Your Cloud Kitchen Business
Get Started with The Rolling Plate: Your Cloud Kitchen Business
 
Best Verified 2 kala jadu Love Marriage Black Magic Punjab Powerful Black Mag...
Best Verified 2 kala jadu Love Marriage Black Magic Punjab Powerful Black Mag...Best Verified 2 kala jadu Love Marriage Black Magic Punjab Powerful Black Mag...
Best Verified 2 kala jadu Love Marriage Black Magic Punjab Powerful Black Mag...
 

Food Policies in the Global North

  • 1. Food Policies in The Global North Driving ethos, current crisis, growing alternatives 1 JOSE LUIS VIVERO POL PhD Research Fellow in Food Governance Module “Global Food Policy & Developement” Master in Food, Law and Finance 2017-18 International University College, Turin, Italy
  • 2. Topics 2 be addressed • Can we afford a healthy diet? • Farm Bill: main food support & food assistance policy in US • CAP: main driver of EU food systems • The productivist paradigm in the North • Corporate Ethos VS Public Policies: profit- maximization or commonwealth • GMO Labelling in US • Civic Collective Actions for Food • Alternative Policy Options for the North 2
  • 4. Ultra-processed VS Fresh food • Price evolution between fresh food and processed and ultra-processed food between 1990 and 2012, a research (Wiggins et al., 2015) found that fruits and vegetable prices rose between 55-90% whereas ultra- processed food prices simply dropped. • The unhealthy food produced by the industrial food system is subsidised, prioritised and most efficiently per unit produced than the fresh ones, but it is not better for our health, not better for the food producer’s livelihood or the environment. • Policy options: over-taxing ultra-processed food, moving subsidies from commoditised food to fresh one 4
  • 5. 17 M households 7 M households Food price effect 5
  • 6. Farm Bill (2014-2023): $940 Billion 6
  • 7. 7
  • 8. What Are the Various Types of Agriculture Subsidies in Farm Bill? • Farm subsidies include • income support, • price controls, • land ownership loans, • insurance, and • disaster relief. 8
  • 9. Winners and Losers • Winners are large agriculture enterprises.[16] Indeed, the vast majority of larger farms collect subsidies compared to only 24% of the (relatively) little farms. • Big farms with gross sales of +$1 million received 8% in 1991 and 23% now. Family farms shrank from 34% in 1991 to 15% in 2009.[17] • Members of Congress and their immediate families are eligible for farm subsidies. [16] Robert A. Hoppe and David E. Banker, “Structure and Finances of U.S. Farms,” USDA Family Farm Report, July 2010, http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/ EIB66/EIB66.pdf (accessed May 30, 2012). [17] T. Kirk White and Robert A. Hoppe, “Changing Farm Structure and the Distribution of Farm Payments and Federal Crop Insurance,” USDA Economic Research Service, February 2012, http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/EIB91/EIB91.pdf (accessed May 30, 2012). 9
  • 13. THIS IS THE EUROPEAN FOOD SYSTEM 13
  • 14. Food Insecurity (unability to eat meat every second day): 10.9%. 13.5 M people 2.7% increase since austerity measures 30 M Malnutrition (Transmango Project) 14
  • 15. Food security in compliance with societal requirements Fair income Singularity of the agricultural sector Reasonable consumer price Guiding Principles of EU CAP 1962-2016 15
  • 16. RECAP: Europe´s Food Security in 1 min • 1945-1980: Increase production at any cost • 1980-2008: Production reached. So…quality, lower prices, commodification (biofuels, financialisation, long chains, global trade) • 2008-2016: Two food crises. Climate change will threat Food. Limited resources (water, soil, P, N). Obesity • 2016-2050: Securing Food Supply. More trade. Common Food Policy 16
  • 17. 1962: produce more + good prices for farmers Guaranteed Prices & Shared Funding 1992: From market to producer support 1990s: Organic farming & food quality 2000: Rural Development 2003: CAP REF (market oriented & conditionality) 2000s: Open Food Trade (EBA) What do we do with farmers? 2007: Farming population doubles 2011: CAP REF (competitiveness). Climate Change, Rural Landscapes, employment, leisure, innovation 2014: CAP is 40% of EU Budget 52 Billion Euro (0.43% of EU GDP) 17
  • 18. • Farmers represent 5.4 percent of the EU’s population. Yet they receive 40 percent of the EU’s total budget through CAP. • Bigger farmers are the greatest beneficiaries, with 20% of farmers estimated to receive 74% of funding • Europe’s taxpayers hand over €52 billion in subsidies EU AGRICULTURE´S SHARE • 12 million farms in the European Union (2010). • Around 10 million persons are (directly) employed in agriculture, representing 5% of total employment • Farm Structure Survey (FSS) indicates that 25 million people were regularly engaged in farm work (agriculture + non-agriculture) in the EU during 2010 Source: EU Agricultural Economics Briefs No 8 | July 2013. How many people work in agriculture in the European Union? An answer based on Eurostat data sources http://www.ecpa.eu/information-page/agriculture-today/common-agricultural-policy-cap 18
  • 19. 19
  • 20. 20
  • 21. Why so much for so few? Although not recognized publicly, food is not like other commodities. It is “the special one” In 1985, around 70% of EU budget went to agriculture “Agriculture's relatively large share of the EU budget is entirely justified; it is the only policy funded almost entirely from the budget. This means that EU spending replaces national expenditure to a large extent” “The average EU farmer receives less than half of what the average US farmer receives in public support” Source: http://ec.europa.eu/budget/explained/myths/myths_en.cfm 21
  • 25. 1. Sustainable Intensification (science) 2. Green Growth (UN + Governments) 3. New Green Revolution (Corporate) 4. Climat-smart Agriculture (World Bank)
  • 27. If we waste one third of total food production (wasted land, money, labourforce, energy, GHG emissions) AND humanity is proyected to increased just 20% (from 7.2 B in 2012 to 9 B in 2050), why do we need to increase production by 50-70%? Academia questioning the productivist paradigm
  • 28. Driving Ethos in Food System 28
  • 29. Profit-driven Maximisation VS Public Interest: colliding narratives? 29 News sparked furious condemnation from green MEPs and NGOs, intensified by the report’s release two days before an EU relicensing vote on glyphosate, which will be worth billions of dollars to industry.
  • 30. 30
  • 31. 31
  • 33. 33
  • 35. 35
  • 36. 36
  • 37. 37
  • 38. 38
  • 39. This law will prevent States to issue their own laws, more stringent & detailed 39
  • 40. TRANSITION MOVEMENT Contemporary collective actions for food (urban consumers) Alter-hegemonic + gradual
  • 42. 42
  • 47. 47 The six food dimensions relevant to humans: multi-dimensional food as commons VS mono-dimensional food as commodity Source: Vivero-Pol (in press). http://www.preprints.org/manuscript/201701.0073/v1
  • 49. To guarantee school meals for all students in public schools 49
  • 50. To support local purchase (small farming, agro- ecology & cooperatives) to satisfy food needs of municipal premises 50
  • 51. Stricter & innovative rules to avoid food waste To recycle all expired food (i.e. France) Supporting citizens´ collective actions to reduced waste, promote food sharing and co-producing 51
  • 52. Shifting from charitable food (Food Banks) to food as right (Universal Food Coverage) A food bank network that is universal, accountable, compulsory and not voluntary, random, targeted 52
  • 53. Compulsory rooftop greening for every new building (with edibles, non-edibles) 53
  • 54. Establishing bakeries where every citizen can get access to a bread loaf every day (if needed or willing to) 54
  • 55. Encourage Food Policy Councils (open membership to citizens) through participatory democracies, financial seed capital and enabling laws55
  • 56. Set target for food provisioning in 2030 (Food Council) • 60% private sector • 25% self-production (collective actions) • 15% state-provisioning (public buildings, destitute people, unemployed families) through Universal Food Coverage 56
  • 57. 57 Eager to exchange on food as a commons Many uncertainties & gaps remain to be developed in a common way combining praxis with normative social constructs @joselviveropol joseluisviveropol http://hambreyderechoshumanos.blogspot.com http://hungerpolitics.wordpress.com Jose Luis Vivero Pol joseluisvivero@gmail.com