1. Genetics Vocabulary Genetics- The branch of biology that studies biological _______________________.

2. Genetics Vocabulary Gametes = _______________ cells SPERM EGGS

3. Genetics Vocabulary Self-Pollination- When ______________ from a plant ______________________ an egg from the same plant (this is how pea plants normally reproduce.)

4. Genetics Vocabulary Cross-pollination- produces _______________ that are the offspring of two different plants . Pollen from one plant is dusted onto the ____________ of another. This allow scientists to manipulate which plants reproduce together.

5. Genetics Vocabulary True-breeding- if allowed to self- pollination ______________ peas would produce offspring ______________ to themselves. Tall pea plants only reproduce with tall for many generations

6. Genetics Vocabulary Traits – _______________

7. Genetics Vocabulary Hybrids – organisms produced by __________________ parents with different _____________________ Example- crossing a tall pea plant with a short pea plant.

8. Genetics Vocabulary Genes – The factors that ____________________ traits. Today we know these genes are located on specific sections of DNA.

9. Puggles Labradoodles Jackapoos Chiweenies

11. Genetics Vocabulary Dominant – the alleles that are “________________” than others In Pea Plants Tall is Dominant to short.

12. Genetics Vocabulary Recessive – the ________________ form of a gene In Pea Plants Only shows up if two are present. Short + short = short.

13. Genetics Vocabulary Punnett Square – a diagram used to determine the ____________________ of offspring from a particular cross. T = Tall t = short

14. Genetics Vocabulary Phenotype – the physical characteristics of an organism TALL YELLOW BLUE EYES RED HAIR PINK PETALS

15. Genetics Vocabulary Genotype – what an organism genetic makeup looks like TT GG Tt gg YY

16. Genetics Vocabulary Homozygous – has two of the same alleles. TT GG tt gg YY

17. Genetics Vocabulary Heterozygous – 2 different genes Tt Gg Yy

20. The First Generation Cross (f 1 ) Mendel Crossed a purebred tall with a purebred short plant and got all tall plants! Step one = Define the Parents Genotype and Phenotype X Tall Short Phenotype = Genotype = TT X tt

21. The First Generation Cross (f 1 ) Step two = Set up the punnett square T T t t Mendel Crossed a purebred tall with a purebred short plant and got all tall plants! Phenotype = Genotype = Short X Tall Phenotype Genotype TT X tt

22. The Second Generation Cross (f 2 ) Mendel Crossed a two heterozygous Tall pea plants Step one = Define the Parents Genotype and Phenotype X Tall Tall Phenotype = Genotype = Tt X Tt

23. The Second Generation Cross (f 2 ) Step two = Set up the punnett square T t T t Mendel Crossed a purebred tall with a purebred short plant and got all tall plants! Phenotype = Genotype = Tall X Tall Phenotype Genotype Tt X Tt

26. Sample Problem #1 A yellow pod plant is crossed with a heterozygous pod plant. What is the genotype and phenotype of the offspring?

28. Sample Problem #2 A white flower pea plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive flower plant. What are the genotype and phenotypes of the offspring?

30. Sample Problem #3 A heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant. What is the genotype and phenotypes of the offspring.

32. Sample Problem #4 A color point cat is crossed with a heterozygous normal cat. What are the expected genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?

34. Sample Problem #5 A homozygous tabby cat is crossed with a stripeless cat. What are the expected genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?

36. Sample Problem #6 A heterozygous short haired cat is crossed with another heterozyogous cat cat. What are the expected genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring?

38. Trait Number of Students Demonstrat- ing Dominant Phenotype Number of Students Demonstrat- ing Recessive Phenotype Percentage Demonstrat- ing Dominant Phenotype Percentage Demonstrat- ing Recessive Phenotype Dominant Recessive Tongue Roller ( R ) Nonroller ( r ) Taster ( T ) Non-Taster ( t ) Free Earlobes ( E ) Attached Earlobes ( e ) Dimples ( D ) No Dimples ( d ) No 2 nd joint finger hair ( F ) 2 nd joint finger Hair ( f )

39. Two Trait Cross Mendel determined that alleles assort independently from each other, even when multiple traits are studied. Phenotype= 9:3:3:1 Genotype = 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1

40. The British Royal Family Human traits are difficult to study for several reasons. Unlike some organisms, which produce slowly and only a few offspring at one time. Thus human traits must be studied through population sampling and pedigree analysis. A pedigree is a diagram that shows the phenotype of different generations. Royal family tree

44. Pedigree for ColorBlindness – a sex linked trait