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Ancient history chapter 3
- 1. Chapter 3: Early Civilizations in India and
- 3. Geography: Indian Subcontinent Subcontinent- large landmass that juts out from a continent.
- 4. Geography: Indian Subcontinent Subcontinent- large landmass that juts out from a continent. ◦ What does India look like? Wedge-shaped continent in the Indian Ocean.
- 6. Subcontinent: Three Regions 1. Well-watered northern plain ◦ Just south of mountains ◦ Fertile (watered by two rivers, Indus and Ganges) Rivers are sacred
- 7. Subcontinent: Three Regions 1. Well-watered northern plain ◦ Just south of mountains ◦ Fertile (watered by two rivers, Indus and Ganges) Rivers are sacred 2. Dry Deccan plateau ◦ Juts into the Indian Ocean ◦ Arid, hot and sparsely populated
- 8. Subcontinent: Three Regions 1. Well-watered northern plain ◦ Just south of mountains ◦ Fertile (watered by two rivers, Indus and Ganges) Rivers are sacred 2. Dry Deccan plateau ◦ Juts into the Indian Ocean ◦ Arid, hot and sparsely populated 3. Coastal Plains ◦ Heavy, seasonal rain ◦ Used sea for fishing and trade Ancient India
- 9. Indus Valley Civilization 2g564gg http://tinyurl.com/
- 11. Indus Valley Civilization Two main cities ◦ Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Both had a massive hilltop structure (fortress or temple), large warehouses for storage of food. Laid out in grid pattern Rectangular blocks Houses built in similar patterns Modern plumbing systems with baths, drains and water chutes leading to sewers beneath the streets Merchants used advanced weight systems for sales Well organized government
- 13. Farming and Religion Wheat, barley and dates
- 14. Farming and Religion Wheat, barley and dates First to cultivate cotton and weave fibers into cloth
- 15. Farming and Religion Wheat, barley and dates First to cultivate cotton and weave fibers into cloth Sea traders and merchants ◦ Contact with Sumer may have sparked their own system of writing
- 16. Farming and Religion Wheat, barley and dates First to cultivate cotton and weave fibers into cloth Sea traders and merchants ◦ Contact with Sumer may have sparked their own system of writing Polytheistic ◦ Mother Goddess- source of creation
- 18. Decline and Disappearance Ecological disasters
- 19. Decline and Disappearance Ecological disasters Too many trees cut down
- 20. Decline and Disappearance Ecological disasters Too many trees cut down Volcanic eruption
- 21. Decline and Disappearance Ecological disasters Too many trees cut down Volcanic eruption Earthquake
- 22. Decline and Disappearance Ecological disasters Too many trees cut down Volcanic eruption Earthquake
- 23. Decline and Disappearance Ecological disasters Too many trees cut down Volcanic eruption Earthquake Aryans overran Indus civilization
- 24. Section 2
- 25. Section 2 Vedic Age ◦ Ancient Technology ◦ Aryans built no cities, left no statues Vedas- collection of prayers, hymns and religious teachings. Warriors fought with bows, arrows and chariots Loved eating, drinking and dancing Nomadic herders
- 26. Aryan Society
- 27. Aryan Society Divided people into
- 28. Aryan Society Divided people into occupation
- 29. Aryan Society Divided people into occupation 3 basic groups ◦ 1. Brahmins (priests) ◦ 2. Kshatriyas (warriors) ◦ 3. Vaisyas (herders) Warriors had power at first, changed to the priests Divine right 4th group were Shudras
- 30. Social System Caste system- social groups into which people are born and from which they cannot change. Untouchables Caste System
- 32. Religious Beliefs Polytheistic ◦ Indra- God of War, weapon was the thunderbolt ◦ Varuna- God of order and creation ◦ Agni- God of fire and served as the messenger from the people to the gods ◦ Offered sacrifices
- 33. Religious Beliefs (Cont.) Brahman- power resides in all things Mystics- people who devote their lives to seeking spiritual truth
- 34. Expansion and Change Rajah- Chief of the Aryan tribe, most skilled warrior, elected by a group of warriors. Aryans settled down, became farmers 800B.C. learned how to make iron Built jungle cities New language- Sanskrit Sanskrit
- 35. Expansion and Change (Cont.) Epic tale of Arjuna (Handout)
- 36. Section 3- Ancient China Geography: The Middle Kingdom ◦ Geographic Barriers Himalayan Mountains (SW) Gobi Desert (N) Jungles (SE) Hard to invade China
- 37. Main Regions
- 38. Main Regions Heartland- east coast along two rivers, the Huang He (Yellow River) and the Yangtze ◦ Loess- fine yellow soil As loess settles to the bottom, causes river to rise. Chinese constantly fought to build and repair dikes.
- 39. Main Regions Heartland- east coast along two rivers, the Huang He (Yellow River) and the Yangtze ◦ Loess- fine yellow soil As loess settles to the bottom, causes river to rise. Chinese constantly fought to build and repair dikes. Xinjiang and Mongolia- harsh climates with rugged terrain.
- 40. Shang Dynasty Government- Noblewomen had power. ◦ Burial place of Fu Hao, wife of the king. Burial Place ◦ Shang kings ruled small areas, known as clans Clans- groups of families who claimed a common ancestor. Many closely resembled Aryan India or city-states of Sumer PLAY MOVIE FIRST!!!!
- 41. Shang Dynasty- Social Royal Family Noble Warriors Merchants/Artisans Peasants
- 42. Shang Dynasty- Religious Beliefs
- 43. Shang Dynasty- Religious Beliefs King was the link between people and
- 44. Shang Dynasty- Religious Beliefs King was the link between people and Shang Di, main god.
- 45. Shang Dynasty- Religious Beliefs King was the link between people and Shang Di, main god.
- 46. Shang Dynasty- Religious Beliefs King was the link between people and Shang Di, main god. Rulers and kings (dead and alive) between gods were essential to a good harvest.
- 47. Shang Dynasty- Religious Beliefs King was the link between people and Shang Di, main god. Rulers and kings (dead and alive) between gods were essential to a good harvest.
- 48. Shang Dynasty- Religious Beliefs King was the link between people and Shang Di, main god. Rulers and kings (dead and alive) between gods were essential to a good harvest. Ancestors brought good luck for harvest.
- 49. Shang Dynasty- Religious Beliefs King was the link between people and Shang Di, main god. Rulers and kings (dead and alive) between gods were essential to a good harvest. Ancestors brought good luck for harvest. PLAY MOVIE!!!
- 50. Shang Dynasty- Yin and Yang Yin and Yang ◦ Yin- linked to Earth, darkness and female forces ◦ Yang- linked to Heaven, light and male forces Forces not in opposition, but harmony
- 53. Shang Dynasty- Writing Oracle Bones- used by priests to predict future, wrote on turtle shells or animal bones ◦ Would heat up bones till cracked, then interpreted the cracks as answers from the god
- 54. Shang Dynasty- Writing Oracle Bones- used by priests to predict future, wrote on turtle shells or animal bones ◦ Would heat up bones till cracked, then interpreted the cracks as answers from the god Calligraphy- fine handwriting
- 56. Zhou Dynasty
- 57. Zhou Dynasty Mandate of Heaven- divine right to rule. ◦ Shang ruler was harsh, so gods punished him Gave rule to Zhou who treated people well
- 58. Zhou Dynasty Mandate of Heaven- divine right to rule. ◦ Shang ruler was harsh, so gods punished him Gave rule to Zhou who treated people well Dynastic rule- rise and fall of dynasties ◦ If you were good, you enjoyed mandate of heaven If bad, heaven would take back its support Signs were flood and famine
- 60. Zhou Dynasty (Cont.) Feudalism- system of government in which local lords governed their own land but owed military service and other forms of support to the ruler.
- 61. Zhou Dynasty (Cont.) Feudalism- system of government in which local lords governed their own land but owed military service and other forms of support to the ruler.
- 62. Zhou Dynasty (Cont.) Feudalism- system of government in which local lords governed their own land but owed military service and other forms of support to the ruler. During Zhou, economy of China grew ◦ Iron replaced wood, stone and bronze. Peasants grew new crop- soybeans, used large scale irrigation techniques
- 64. Zhou Dynasty (Cont.) Used money for first time. ◦ Coins had holes in the center so they could be strung on cords Made trade easier Feudal lords built roads and canals for travel
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