1. JOHN SNOW
John Lee, Jade Lewis, Cheryl Man

2. WHO IS JOHN SNOW
Scientist
traced the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, England, in 1854.
Realized victims use a particular communal water pump, removed
the pump handle, outbreak subsided.
Because of his insight, known as the father of the science of
epidemiology.

3. WHAT HE DID
He found out what caused Cholera
Best known for his work on cholera and anesthesiology.
Considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology.
1840’s he pioneered the development of the equipment used to
administer patients safely.
His greatest contribution was demonstrating that feces contaminated
water.
That was the source of Cholera Infection.

4. CHOLERA
An infection of the small intestine.
Causes a large amount of watery diarrhea.
How is it caused ?
The bacterium Vibrio Cholerae releases a toxin that causes
increased release of water from cells in the intestines
Cholera occurs in places with
Poor sanitation
Crowding
War Kills both children and adults within
hours

5. HOW CHOLERA IS
TRANSMITTED
ingesting food or water thats contaminated.
Leads to
Death,Dehydration,and Kidney Failure
75%people that are infected don't develop any symptoms
Pathogens stay for 7-14 days
through diarrhea

6. SYMPTOMS
Abdominal cramps
Dry skin
Glassy or Sunken eyes
Low urine output
Dehydration
vomiting
and watery diarrhea that starts suddenly and has a fishy oder

7. TREATMENT
try to remove fluid and electrolytes through diarrhea
Fluids through Mouth or IV
antibiotics relive some of the pain

8. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
Cholera causes panic disrupting social and economic
structure
Example :
Peru 1991
US$770 million
Food trade and Tourism

9. EFFECTS ON THE
ENVIRONMENT
Populations around the world have been affected.
First recorded epidemic was in India 1563

10. PANDEMIC
1st one recorded,1817
started in Indonesia
Spread around the world ,1991
400,000 cases and 4000 deaths ,Americas
Now in many parts of the world
the deaths were officially notified to the WHO.(World
Health Organization)

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001348/
- Board, A.D.A.M. Editorial. "John Snow." Cholera. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 18
Nov. 0000. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/
PMH0001348/>.
- "Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia." Encyclopedia - Britannica Online
Encyclopedia. Web. 12 Sept. 2012.
http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/TIB/epidemiology.html
http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/snowcricketarticle.html