Recomendados
Más contenido relacionado
La actualidad más candente
La actualidad más candente (20)
Similar a Ancient Greek Art and Architecture
Similar a Ancient Greek Art and Architecture (20)
Más de jspeir
Más de jspeir (16)
Último
Último (20)
Ancient Greek Art and Architecture
- 1. 1 Ancient GreeceAncient Greece Architecture and Art
- 2. 2 Art Impact FactArt Impact Fact Ancient Greece was the birthplace ofAncient Greece was the birthplace of Western Civilization. The art andWestern Civilization. The art and architecture of ancient Greece inspiredarchitecture of ancient Greece inspired the Renaissance and continued tothe Renaissance and continued to influence art and architecture to theinfluence art and architecture to the present day.present day.
- 3. 3
- 4. 4
- 5. 5
- 6. 6 Ancient GreeceAncient Greece Democratic GovernmentDemocratic Government The Olympic GamesThe Olympic Games Great works of artGreat works of art The birthplaceThe birthplace ofof
- 7. 7 Classical Art of GreeceClassical Art of Greece • SculptureSculpture • TemplesTemples • Vase MakingVase Making The ancient Greeks made lasting contributionsThe ancient Greeks made lasting contributions to art in three areas:to art in three areas:
- 9. 9 DoricDoric • Doric columns are theDoric columns are the simplest. They have asimplest. They have a capitalcapital (the top, or crown)(the top, or crown) made of a circle topped bymade of a circle topped by a square.a square. • TheThe shaftshaft (the tall part of(the tall part of the column) is plain andthe column) is plain and has 20 sides. There is nohas 20 sides. There is no basebase in the Doric order.in the Doric order. The Doric order is veryThe Doric order is very plain, but powerful-plain, but powerful- looking in its design.looking in its design.
- 11. 11 IonicIonic • IonicIonic shaftsshafts are taller thanare taller than Doric shafts thus makingDoric shafts thus making the columns look slender.the columns look slender. • They also haveThey also have flutesflutes,, which are lines carved intowhich are lines carved into them from top to bottom.them from top to bottom. • TheThe basesbases were large andwere large and looked like a set of stackedlooked like a set of stacked rings.rings. • IonicIonic capitalscapitals consist of aconsist of a scrolls above the shaft.scrolls above the shaft.
- 12. 12 The Temple of Athena NikeThe Temple of Athena Nike IonicIonic
- 13. 13 CorinthianCorinthian • The Corinthian order isThe Corinthian order is the most decorativethe most decorative • CapitalsCapitals have flowers andhave flowers and leaves below a smallleaves below a small scrollscroll • TheThe shaftshaft has fluteshas flutes • the base is like the Ionian.the base is like the Ionian. • Unlike the Doric andUnlike the Doric and IonianIonian cornicescornices, which are, which are at a slant, the Corinthianat a slant, the Corinthian roofs are flat.roofs are flat.
- 14. 14 Columns at CorinthColumns at Corinth CorinthianCorinthian
- 15. 15 ComparisonComparison ofof GreekGreek ColumnsColumns IonicIonic CorinthianCorinthianDoricDoric
- 16. 16
- 17. 17 AthensAthens
- 18. 18 AthenaAthena GuardingGuarding Her CityHer City Greek Goddess ofGreek Goddess of Wisdom and WarWisdom and War
- 21. HermesHermes (from the rear)(from the rear) The Greeks wereThe Greeks were obsessed withobsessed with body perfectionbody perfection 21
- 22. ApolloApollo from the Temple of Zeusfrom the Temple of Zeus PedimentPediment 22
- 23. Aphrodite , Pan and CupidAphrodite , Pan and Cupid 23
- 24. 24
- 25. 25
- 26. 26
- 27. 27
- 28. 28
- 29. 29 CorinthCorinth Crossroads of the ancient worldCrossroads of the ancient world
- 30. 30
- 32. 32 OlympiaOlympia Home of the first Olympic GamesHome of the first Olympic Games
- 34. 34 Ruins of Temple of Zeus atRuins of Temple of Zeus at OlympiaOlympia Destroyed by an earthquakeDestroyed by an earthquake
- 35. 35 Temple of Zeus at OlympiaTemple of Zeus at Olympia East PedimentEast Pediment
- 36. 36 Temple of Zeus at OlympiaTemple of Zeus at Olympia East PedimentEast Pediment
- 37. 37
- 38. Ancient Wall at OlympiaAncient Wall at Olympia 38
- 39. 39 Gymnasium at OlympiaGymnasium at Olympia
- 40. 40 Isle of CreteIsle of Crete Palace of KnossosPalace of Knossos Center of ancient Minoan cultureCenter of ancient Minoan culture
- 41. 41 Ruins of KnossosRuins of Knossos
- 42. 42 Aerial view of Palace of KnossosAerial view of Palace of Knossos
- 43. 43 Konossos in all its SplendorKonossos in all its Splendor
- 44. 44 Palace of KonossosPalace of Konossos on Creteon Crete
- 45. 45 4,000 Year Old Urns4,000 Year Old Urns
- 46. 46 The Throne RoomThe Throne Room Palace of KnossosPalace of Knossos Oldest Throne in the World
- 48. 48 Ladies in Blue FrescoLadies in Blue Fresco
- 49. 49 Hall of the Royal GuardHall of the Royal Guard
- 50. 50 Six foot Pithoi jars areSix foot Pithoi jars are 3800 years old3800 years old
- 51. 51 Griffin Fresco at KnossosGriffin Fresco at Knossos
- 52. 52 Bull Leaping FrescoBull Leaping Fresco
- 54. 54 Tomb of ClytemnestraTomb of Clytemnestra The dome will be used by Roman and American architects for centuries to come.
- 55. 55 Roman PantheonRoman Pantheon US CapitolUS Capitol
- 56. British MuseumBritish Museum Home of Greek and Roman AntiquitiesHome of Greek and Roman Antiquities ArtifactsArtifacts 56
- 57. 57 The British Museum house hundreds of ancient Greek Vases
- 58. 58 Greek VasesGreek Vases and platesand plates depict everydepict every phasephase ofof everyday lifeeveryday life
- 59. 59 Red and Black Figured VasesRed and Black Figured Vases 7th Century BC 6th Century BC
- 60. 60 Greek Vase Shapes andGreek Vase Shapes and FunctionsFunctions
- 61. 61 Amphora – Oil VesselAmphora – Oil Vessel Victors in the Pan- Athenic games were awarded oil...and the oil was stored in large ceramic vessels called amphoras.
- 62. 62 Herakles and the StymphalianHerakles and the Stymphalian birdsbirds Amphora
- 63. 63 Hydria – Water VesselHydria – Water Vessel A hydria has threeA hydria has three handles: the two onhandles: the two on the shoulder of thethe shoulder of the vessel are for lifting.vessel are for lifting. The handle at theThe handle at the top makes pouringtop makes pouring easiereasier..
- 64. 64 Hydria – Water VesselsHydria – Water Vessels
- 65. 65 Krater – Drinking cupKrater – Drinking cup It was considered uncivilized to drink wine straight... so mixing it with water in a krater was a social ritual.
- 66. 66 The 'HuntThe 'Hunt kraterkrater'' Blinding of CyclopsBlinding of Cyclops by Odysseusby Odysseus KraterKrater
- 67. 67 Kylix – Drinking CupKylix – Drinking Cup • A e l e g a An elegant, highly decorated drinking cup. This vessel might have been decorated on the outside walls, and also in the circular inside area. The inside design was circular.
- 68. 68 Kylix – Drinking CupKylix – Drinking Cup
- 69. 69 Kylix – Drinking CupKylix – Drinking Cup
- 70. 70 AlabastronAlabastron - Flask- Flask
- 71. 71 Lekythos ~ Perfumed Oil FlaskLekythos ~ Perfumed Oil Flask
- 72. 72 Lekythos ~ Perfumed Oil FlaskLekythos ~ Perfumed Oil Flask
- 73. 73 Greek Vase Shapes andGreek Vase Shapes and FunctionsFunctions
- 74. 74 Making and decoratingMaking and decorating Athenian black- and red-figureAthenian black- and red-figure vasesvases • Clay dug and impurities removedClay dug and impurities removed • Clay made into vase on a potter’s wheelClay made into vase on a potter’s wheel • Handles glued on with slipHandles glued on with slip • Preliminary design sketched on with charcoal.Preliminary design sketched on with charcoal. • Design painted on with black clay slipsDesign painted on with black clay slips
- 75. 75 Firing the Greek VaseFiring the Greek Vase • Black areas coated with iron rich slipBlack areas coated with iron rich slip • Stage one – Oxygen rich firing to produce redStage one – Oxygen rich firing to produce red ferric oxide- orange red vaseferric oxide- orange red vase • Stage 2 – Close vents and raise temperature toStage 2 – Close vents and raise temperature to create oxygen poor very hot fire- that glazes thecreate oxygen poor very hot fire- that glazes the black areasblack areas • Stage 3 – Cool kiln down and open vents toStage 3 – Cool kiln down and open vents to convert the ferrous oxide on the uncoatedconvert the ferrous oxide on the uncoated unglazed areas to ferric oxide (orange-red)unglazed areas to ferric oxide (orange-red)
- 76. 76 Art Impact FactArt Impact Fact The artwork on ancient Grecian potteryThe artwork on ancient Grecian pottery provides a detailed look at the culture,provides a detailed look at the culture, the religion, the dress, and the daily livesthe religion, the dress, and the daily lives of a civilization that existed 4000 yearsof a civilization that existed 4000 years ago.ago.
- 77. 77 Examples of Greek Vase ArtExamples of Greek Vase Art Achilles and Ajax playing a gameAchilles and Ajax playing a game
- 78. 78 Examples of Greek Vase ArtExamples of Greek Vase Art Dionysius crossing Sea
- 79. 79 Examples of Greek Vase ArtExamples of Greek Vase Art Herakles and Cerberus
- 80. 80 Examples of Greek Vase ArtExamples of Greek Vase Art Herakles and Triton and Nereids DancersHerakles and Triton and Nereids Dancers Herakles and Triton and Nereids Dancers
- 81. 81 Examples of Greek Vase ArtExamples of Greek Vase Art Trojan WarTrojan War
- 82. 82 PartyParty Examples of Greek Vase ArtExamples of Greek Vase Art
- 83. 83 Art Impact FactArt Impact Fact Ancient Greece was the birthplace ofAncient Greece was the birthplace of Western Civilization. The art andWestern Civilization. The art and architecture of ancient Greece inspiredarchitecture of ancient Greece inspired the Renaissance and continued tothe Renaissance and continued to influence art and architecture to theinfluence art and architecture to the present day.present day.
- 84. Greece TodayGreece Today Athens MarketAthens Market 84
- 85. Greece TodayGreece Today Street LifeStreet Life 85
- 86. Greece TodayGreece Today Street LifeStreet Life Selling BusSelling Bus TicketsTickets 86
- 88. Greece TodayGreece Today 776 BC doll776 BC doll Mascot forMascot for 2004 Olympics2004 Olympics 88
- 90. Greece TodayGreece Today Temple at CorinthTemple at Corinth 90
- 91. Greece TodayGreece Today Temple where Paul Preached 2000 years agoTemple where Paul Preached 2000 years ago 91
- 92. Greece TodayGreece Today Greek BelltowerGreek Belltower 92
- 93. Greece TodayGreece Today Greek OrthodoxGreek Orthodox Church nearChurch near Hard Rock CafeHard Rock Cafe 93
- 94. Greece TodayGreece Today Restoring the ParthenonRestoring the Parthenon 94
- 95. Greece TodayGreece Today Greek Church In Modern AthensGreek Church In Modern Athens 95
- 96. Greek Revival ArchitectureGreek Revival Architecture TodayToday 96
- 97. Greek Revival Architecture TodayGreek Revival Architecture Today Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C.Lincoln Memorial, Washington, D.C. 97
- 99. Me and my SistersMe and my Sisters 99
- 100. 100 Web SourcesWeb Sources Birmingham Museum (UK) http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/preload.htm British Museum (London) http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/world/world.html Greek Costume http://www.uky.edu/AS/Classics/agfc- moyrsmith.html
- 101. 101
- 102. 102
- 103. 103
- 104. 104 Lesson OutlineLesson Outline ART HISTORY •Introduce students to history of Greek Pottery-Power Point •Discuss how art documents/ records history •Function of pots in culture- then and now •Invention of pottery wheels •Technology and art •Look at Black on Red/ Red on Black pots •Discuss meaning of imagery on pots
- 105. 105
Notas del editor
- A- Greeks are seen by many as the cornerstone to the western traditions of art and ideas. The Ancient Greeks were organized into independent democratic city-states. In these states the ideas of courage, valor, and independence where strongly held values. These themes can be seen very clearly in their human depictions. B- The Greeks idealized humans, showing the strong and youthful depiction of men and women. C- The topics shown in their vases reflect the importance of strength, athletic competition, and battles. Their temples reflected their religious beliefs in the gods.
- The Ancient Greeks created what has become known as classical art. Many of America's governmental buildings have been designed with Classical Greek structures. The Ancient Greeks are known for three main items; their sculptures, their temples, and their vase paintings. The art work embodies much of what made the Greek civilization great. The topics shown in their vases reflect the importance of strength, athletic competition, and battles. Their temples reflected their religious beliefs in the gods.
- The ancient greeks began developing a form of architecture making use of columns over 4000 years ago. Three styles developed in Greech. They were Doric, Inoic and Corinthian. One of the most prominent features of Greek temples is their columns - although columns appear in architecture all around the world, they appear here in an especially significant role. The ancient Greeks constructed their temples along very specific lines, and that included their columns. Over the centuries three different styles (also called Orders) of column were used: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
- Doric The earliest and simplest column style was the Doric. Found primarily on mainland Greece and Magna Graecia, it is characterized by a lack of base, a plain architrave, and a frieze divided into triglyphs and metropes. DESCRIPTION: Of the three columns found in Greece, Doric columns are the simplest. They have a capital (the top, or crown) made of a circle topped by a square. The shaft (the tall part of the column) is plain and has 20 sides. There is no base in the Doric order. The Doric order is very plain, but powerful-looking in its design. Doric, like most Greek styles, works well horizontally on buildings, that's why it was so good with the long rectangular buildings made by the Greeks. The area above the column, called the frieze had simple patterns. Above the columns are the metopes and triglyphs. The metope [pronounced "met-o-pee"] is a plain, smooth stone section between triglyphs. Sometimes the metopes had statues of heroes or gods on them. The triglyphs are a pattern of 3 vertical lines between the metopes. There are many examples of ancient Doric buildings. Perhaps the most famous one is the Parthenon in Athens, which is probably the most famous and most studied building on Earth. Buildings built even now borrow some parts of the Doric order.
- The Parthenon. It is the most important and characteristic monument of the ancient Greek civilization and still remains its international symbol. It was dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of Athens.Athena was the goddess of wisdom and war. The temple was built between 447 and 438 B.C. and its sculptural decoration was completed in 432 B.C. The construction of the monument was initiated by Perikles, the supervisor of the whole work was Pheidias, the famous Athenian sculptor, while Iktinos and Kallikrates were the architects of the building. The temple is built in the Doric order and almost exclusively of Pentelic marble. It is peripteral, with eight columns on each of the narrow sides and seventeen columns on each of the long ones. The central part of the temple, called the cella, sheltered the famous chryselephantine cult statue of Athena, made by Pheidias.The sculptural decoration of the Parthenon is a unique combination of the Doric metopes and triglyphs on the entablature, and the Ionic frieze on the walls of the cella. The metopes depict the Gigantomachy on the east side, the Amazonomachy on the west, the Centauromachy on the south, and scenes from the Trojan War on the north.The relief frieze depicts the Procession of the Panathenaea, the most formal religious festival of ancient Athens. The scene runs along all the four sides of the building and includes the figures of gods, beasts and of some 360 humans.The two pediments of the temple are decorated with mythological scenes: the east, above the building's main entrance, shows the birth of Athena, and the west, the fight between Athena and Poseidon for the name of the city of Athens. The Parthenon retained its religious character in the following centuries and was converted into a Byzantine church, a Latin church and a Muslim mosque.The Turks used the Parthenon as a powder magazine when the Venetians, under Admiral Morosini, sieged the Acropolis in 1687. One of the Venetian bombs fell on the Parthenon and caused a tremendous explosion that destroyed a great part of the monument which had been preserved in a good condition until then.The disaster was completed in the beginning of the 19th century, when the British ambassador in Constantinople, Lord Elgin, stole the greatest part of the sculptural decoration of the monument (frieze, metopes, pediments), transferred them to England and sold them to the British Museum, where they are still exhibited, being one of the most significant collections of the museum.
- Slightly more elaborate is the Ionic style of column, generally associated with Greek temples in the Ionian Greek territories Ionic shafts were taller than Doric ones. This makes the columns look slender. They also had flutes, which are lines carved into them from top to bottom. The shafts also had a special characteristic: entasis, which is a little bulge in the columns make the columns look straight, even at a distance [because since you would see the building from eye level, the shafts would appear to get narrower as they rise, so this bulge makes up for that - so it looks straight to your eye but it really isn't !] . The frieze is plain. The bases were large and looked like a set of stacked rings. Ionic capitals consist of a scrolls above the shaft. The Ionic style is a little more decorative than the Doric.
- The Temple of Athena Nike was constructed in ca. 420 B.C. by the architect Kallikrates. It is built in the Ionic order, and it is amphiprostyle with a row of four columns in front of each of its narrow sides. The relief frieze on the upper section of the walls depicts the conference of gods on the east side, and scenes from battles on the other three. A marble parapet decorated with the relief representation of Nikae (Victories), protected the edge of the Bastion on which the temple was erected. The Greek goddess Nike was the personification of victory in mythology. A relief representation of Nikae
- The Corinthian order is the most decorative and is usually the one most modern people like best. Corinthian also uses entasis to make the shafts look straight. The Corinthian capitals have flowers and leaves below a small scroll. The shaft has flutes and the base is like the Ionian. Unlike the Doric and Ionian cornices, which are at a slant, the Corinthian roofs are flat.
- Athena Guarding her City Athena is the goddess of wisdom and war.
- The Poseidon of Artemision. The statue represents Poseidon brandishing the trident with his raised right hand. It is an original work of a great sculptor, possibly of Kalamis. It was raised from the sea, off the cape Artemision, in north Euboea. Dated to ca. 460 B.C. The god Poseidon, a brother of Zeus, not only looked after the seas; he was also in charge of earthquakes and horses. Quarrelsome, surly, petulant and greedy were some of the adjectives used to describe him and he was reputed to hold a grudge for a long time. His symbol was the trident or fish spear which could cause earthquakes or create springs when struck on the ground. A two metres long Zeus (or Poseidon?) statue from around 450 BC was found in 1928 and salvaged from 40 m depth, now displayed in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens.
- Parthenon - temple of Athena Parthenos ("Virgin"), Greek goddess of wisdom, on the Acropolis in Athens. The Parthenon was built in the 5th century BC, and despite the enormous damage it has sustained over the centuries, it still communicates the ideals of order and harmony for which Greek architecture is known.
- The Erechtheion was built in ca. 420 B.C. in the Ionic order. It has a prostasis on the east side, a monumental propylon on the north, and the famous porch of the Caryatids on the south. The main temple was divided into two sections, dedicated to the worship of the two principal gods of Attica, Athena and Poseidon-Erechtheus. A relief frieze, bearing a representation possibly of the birth of Erechtheus, decorated the exterior of the building. A caryatid (also spelt Karyatid), is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head. One of those original six figures, removed by Lord Elgin in the early 1800s, is now in the British Museum in London. The other five figures, although they are damaged by erosion, are in the Acropolis Museum. The Romans also copied the Erechtheion caryatids, installing copies in the Forum of Augustus and the Pantheon in Rome, and Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli. Erechtheum - temple from the middle classical period of Greek art and architecture, built on the Acropolis of Athens between 421 and 405BC.The Erechtheum contained sanctuaries to Athena Polias, Poseidon, and Erechtheus. The requirements of the several shrines and the location upon a sloping site produced an unusual plan. From the body of the building porticoes project on east, north, and south sides. The eastern portico, hexastyle Ionic, gave access to the shrine of Athena, which was separated by a partition from the western cella. The northern portico, tetrastyle Ionic, stands at a lower level and gives access to the western cella through a fine doorway. The southern portico, known as the Porch of the Caryatids (see caryatid) from the six sculptured draped female figures that support its entablature, is the temple's most striking feature; it forms a gallery or tribune. The west end of the building, with windows and engaged Ionic columns, is a modification of the original, built by the Romans when they restored the building. One of the east columns and one of the caryatids were removed to London by Lord Elgin, replicas being installed in their places
- The Greeks were blessed with a large supply of marble, which was what they used most in their sculptures. Bronze was also used in their artistic work of humans. Many of the original sculptures were damaged or destroyed. Yet, many still survived because the Romans make copies or duplications of the original works.
- Temple to Zeus Once the largest temple in Greece before the construction of the Parthenon, largest temple in Greece before the construction of the Parthenon. The temple was the site of the enormous chryselephantine sculpture of Zeus by Phidias, most likely made in the workshop located nearby at the site and today regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. Today an idea of the sheer grandiose magnitude of the temple can be gleaned only through a powerful imagination, taking in what still remains and reconstructing what once was. The colossal columns of the temple, which was in the largest temple in Greece before the construction of the Parthenon and peripteral hexastyle distyle in antis, were constructed of several of the huge drums pictured here piled one atop another. The drums are more than six feet in diameter, dwarfing an average-sized man who stands next to one. They lie where they fell, most likely during an earthquake, layered atop one another like dominoes. It is safe to say that no reconstruction attempts have been made on the columns due to their sheer size.Another component of the temple that helps to create an image of its colossal size resides in the Olympia Museum. Here are preserved what remains of the enormous pedimental sculptures; done in Severe style, they depict the war between the Centaurs and Lapiths on the west pediment and the chariot race between Pelops and Oinomaos on the east pediment. As I am of the humble opinion that the west pediment has superior artistic merit, or at the very least more interest to the viewer, I have pictures only of the west pediment here.
- Temple to Zeus This shows the contest of Pelops with Oinomaos, King of Pisa, for the hand of his daughter Hippodameia. An oracle is said to have told the King that his son-in-law would murder him, so he challenged each suitor to a chariot race-to-the-death, from Olympia to Corinth. Since Oinomaos' horses were divine the outcome was a foregone conclusion and the loser was killed - all except Pelops who succeeded either by cheating or by the gift of swifter horses from Poseidon. Once the largest temple in Greece before the construction of the Parthenon, largest temple in Greece before the construction of the Parthenon. The temple was the site of the enormous chryselephantine sculpture of Zeus by Phidias, most likely made in the workshop located nearby at the site and today regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. Today an idea of the sheer grandiose magnitude of the temple can be gleaned only through a powerful imagination, taking in what still remains and reconstructing what once was. The colossal columns of the temple, which was in the largest temple in Greece before the construction of the Parthenon and peripteral hexastyle distyle in antis, were constructed of several of the huge drums pictured here piled one atop another. The drums are more than six feet in diameter, dwarfing an average-sized man who stands next to one. They lie where they fell, most likely during an earthquake, layered atop one another like dominoes. It is safe to say that no reconstruction attempts have been made on the columns due to their sheer size.Another component of the temple that helps to create an image of its colossal size resides in the Olympia Museum. Here are preserved what remains of the enormous pedimental sculptures; done in Severe style, they depict the war between the Centaurs and Lapiths on the west pediment and the chariot race between Pelops and Oinomaos on the east pediment. As I am of the humble opinion that the west pediment has superior artistic merit, or at the very least more interest to the viewer, I have pictures only of the west pediment here.
- Apollo from Temple of Zeus The Temple of Zeus. West pediment. Theseus attacking a centaur with an axe.
- The visitors can see openings (windows, doors, light-wells) all over the Palace. Minoans loved nature and lovely frescoes decorate the walls of the Palace. Their themes were taken from the everyday life or from nature itself.It is said that no visitor could enter the Palace without someone to guide him around. The reason is that no one could find his way around the famous "labyrinth".This name comes from the word "Lavrys" which means "double axe". Axes were used a lot in everyday life and many of them were found in the palace or even inscribed on the walls of Knossos. So, Labyrinth means the "House of the double axes", or the Palace itself.
- 5 acres
- The site itself includes the Palace of Knossos, The Minoan Houses, the "Little Palace", the "Royal Villa", the villa "Dionysos" with famous Roman mosaics, the south Royal Temple - Tomb and the "Caravanserai". The Palace and the Minoan houses are open for visits to the public. It is well known that the area lies on a great seismic site. The Palace had been destroyed time after time and always emerged from its ruins more magnificent than before until the last time that there was no recovery. Excavations showed that the area was inhabited since the Neolithic times (6000 BC and perhaps even earlier) and verified that the Neolithic levels of Knossos are amongst the deepest in Europe. The old (first) palace was built in around 2000 B.C. but it was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1700 B.C. The new (second) palace, more complex in plan, strongly resembling a labyrinth, was constructed immediately afterwards. In the middle of the 15th century B.C. the Achaeans from the Greek Mainland conquered the island of Crete and settled at the palace of Knossos. They used the Greek language, as is indicated by the clay tablets they left, written in the Linear B script. The palace was again destroyed by fire in the mid-14th century B.C. (LM IIIA period) and ceased to function as a palatial centre. The article points out that while the ruins at Knossos are not dramatic like pyramids nor as well preserved as the temples at Agrigento, they are remarkable for revealing a multitude of activity—political, religious, commercial, and domestic—that took place within one structure. John McEnroe, a Minoan architectural specialist, described it as "encompassing the breadth and depth of its culture more eloquently than any other single building in the history of European architecture." This building, which covers nearly five acres, is now in danger of erosion. Knossos was inhabited for several thousand years, beginning wi th a neolithic settlement sometime in the seventh millennium BC, and was abandoned after its destruction in 1375 BC which marked the end of Minoan civilization. The first palace on the low hill beside the Krairatos river was built around 1900 BC on the ruins of previous settlements. It was destroyed for the first time along with the other Protopalatial palaces around Crete at 1700 BC, probably by a large earthquake or foreign invaders. It was immediately rebuilt to an even more elaborate complex and until its abandonment was damaged several times during earthquakes, invasions, an in 1450 BC by the colossal volcanic eruption of Thera, and the invasion of Mycenaeans who used it as their capital as they ruled the island of Crete until 1375 B.CThe most important findings of the city of Knossos are: The Great Palace. The Great Palace covered an area of 20.000 sq. meters and had 1.400 rooms. Every section of the Palace had a specific use. In the west side of the Palace were the chambers of the ceremonies, of the administration and of the public storehouse. The Throne room is also located here. To the west of the Throne room was the great west Court of the Palace and the theatre, where all the ceremonies and gatherings took place. The East side of the Palace, had more floors, verandas and official rooms with wonderfull frescos, and was the side of the Palace where the Queen had her private chambers. The entrance to the Palace today is through the West Court. The West Entrance leads to the Corridor of Procession. Its walls were decorated with a fresco depicting a procession, which today is exhibited in the Archaelogical Museum of Heraklion . To the left of the corridor is the Propylaeum of the Palace, where the huge double horns - a holly symbol of the Minoan religion- are located. A staircase leads to the Central Court , where the Throne room is sited, and another one to the upper floor. There are various rooms on the same level with the Throne, like the Antechamber, the Pillar crypt, the room of the Tall Jar and the Treasure room of the High priest, were various precious objects, now exchibited at the Iraklion museum, were found. Near the south west corner of the Court a road leads to the Corridor of the Procession were the famous fresco of the “Prince of the Lillies” was found. The original is displayed in the Iraklion museum, and a copy located in its place. The Little Palace. It is located west of the Great Palace and is the second bigger building of Knossos. In one of its chambers was found the wonderfull Bull’s Head made of steatite, which is exhibited in the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion. The place of the theatre For the visitor today, the area around the ramp which leads to the main palace, immediately exposes the rich strata of ruins that span millennia. To the left of the entrance ramp three large kouloures in the shape of large round pits reveal in their deep bottom the remains of Prepalatial building ruins. The palace of Knossos was the center of administration of the entire island during Minoan times, and its position as such allowed for unprecedented growth and prosperity as witnessed by the plethora of storage magazines, workshops, and wall paintings. The Throne room with its gypsum throne and benches to accommodate sixteen persons, the central courtyard, and the theater, along with the royal chambers paint a portrait of Knossos as a forum of elaborate rituals and extraordinary historical occurrences.
- Oldest throne The Throne Room, located on the ground floor of the West Wing of the palace. Stone benches run around three of its walls with a space in the center of the north wall to accommodate the throne. The famous gypsum throne, probably the oldest known throne in Europe, was found in situ. To the right and left of the throne are copies of wall-paintings with griffins, mythical creatures with a lion's body and an eagle's head, sitting among stylized flowers guarding the royal throne. The door in the west wall led into the Inner Sanctuary. The walls all around it are faced with a dado of gypsum slabs with red plaster above. Areas with this architectural form have been named Lustral Basins. It is believed that they were used for some type of ritual to cleanse the body and soul.
- The restored light-well in the south part of the fresco replica room on the Piano Nobile. The light-wells were, after the Courts, the principle means of illuminating and ventilating the rooms of each wing. On the walls of the room which look on to the light-well are copies of frescoes which were found in the palace and the House of the Frescoes. Light well is a topless opening that allow light to reflect into the rooms that surround it.
- The replica of the Ladies in Blue Fresco. The original adorned the large ante-chamber of the Throne Room in the East Wing of the palace. The ladies of the court, dressed with great elegance according to the fashion of the day, engage in conversation.
- This balcony of the Grand Staircase is called the Hall of the Royal Guard. There would certainly have been guards permanently posted on each landing of the Grand Staircase to check on persons going in and out of the royal apartments, workshops and storerooms. The landing is decorated with a copy of the fresco of figure-of-eight shields. On the right is the door leading into the Upper Hall of the Queen.
- Six-foot-tall pithoi, or storage jars, at the Palace of Knossos. The jars, dating from the 18th century B.C., were used to store honey, wine and food.
- A fresco of a griffin from the Throne Room of the Palace of Knossos in Crete.
- Bull-leaping is thought to have been a key ritual in the religion of the Minoan civilization on Bronze Age Crete. As in the case of other Mediterranean civilizations, the bull was the subject of veneration and worship (see Bull (mythology) for more). The Minoans regarded the bull as a manifestation of the god Poteidan, the most powerful god in the Minoan pantheon. They were renowned for their reverance of the bull, as the legend of the Minotaur illustrates, and are often believed to have practised a dangerous and acrobatic ritual of vaulting over the horns of bulls. This practice is widely depicted in frescos and ceramics found at and around the palace of Knossos, the legendary home of King Minos, for whom archaeologists named the entire civilization.
- Clytemnestra was the wife of Agamemnon, king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Mycenae
- Over the next 4000 years numerous great buildings have patterned their architecture after the dome.
- The British Museum is patterned after Greek architecture What type of columns are exhibited here? Their department of Greek Antiquities is vast housing thousands of Greek vases. Many of the Greek vases that you are about to see are housed in the British Museum
- Man vomiting Aided by a youth Uses of pottery in Ancient Greece Ancient Greeks made pottery for everyday use, not for display; the trophies won at games, such as the Panathenaic amphorae (used for storage), are the exception. Most surviving pottery consists of drinking vessels such as amphorae, kraters (bowls for mixing wine and water), hydriae (water jars), libation bowls, jugs and cups. Painted funeral urns have also been found. Miniatures were also produced in large numbers, mainly for use as offerings at temples
- Black: Black Figure Painting Greek potterypainting in which the decoration appears as black silhouettes on a red background. Originated in Corinth during the early 7th century BC, Black-figure pottery typically depicted figures in silhouette, but it was somewhat limited in artistic scope due to the limitations of engraving tools. Painters working in the earlier black-figure technique had been forced to keep their figures well-separated from eachother and limit the complexity of their illustration; since all foreground elements were filled with the same black shade, two figures overlapping eachother might become indistinguishable. The technique flourished until being practically replaced by the more advanced red-figure pottery technique in 530 BC, although later examples do exist. Red Figure Painting the background is filled in with black paint and only the figures' details are painted, allowing the unpainted portions of the figures to take on the reddish tone of the Athenian clay after it is burned in the presence of oxygen. Red-figure pottery is considered to mark the apex of Greek pottery, and most vases or cups famous today for their skillful painting are in the red-figure style. allowed far greater latitude. Each figure was silhouetted naturally against the black back ground, as if illuminated by theatrical lighting, and the more natural red-on-black color scheme, in conjunction with the greater variety of colors that the artist could employ, allowed red-figure painters to depict anatomical details with more accuracy and variety.
- In Greek mythology, the Stymphalian Birds were man-eating birds with claws of brass and sharp metallic feathers they could launch at their victims, and also they were Ares' pets. Heracles used huge bronze clappers, which scared the birds into flight. Heracles shot them down with his arrows.
- Vase with a narrow neck used to store perfume and other toiletries Bow hunter Weavers Odysseus escaping the Cyclops under rams skin
- In Homer's Iliad he is described Ajax as of great stature and colossal frame, the tallest and strongest of all the Achaeans, second only to his cousin Achilles in skill-at-arms In Greek mythology, Achilles, also Akhilleus or Achilleus (Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς) was a hero of the Trojan War, the central character and greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad In the myths surrounding the Trojan War, Achilles died from a heel wound as the result of an arrow fired by Paris.
- Dionysus and Dionysos or Dionysius (Ancient Greek: Διώνυσος or Διόνυσος; also known as Bacchus in both Greek and Roman mythology and associated with the Italic Liber), the Thracian god of wine, represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but also its social and beneficial influences. He is viewed as the promoter of civilization, a lawgiver, and lover of peace — as well as the patron deity of agriculture and the theater.
- In Greek mythology, Cerberus or Kerberos (Greek Κέρβερος, Kerberos, "demon of the pit"), was the hound of Hades—a monstrous three-headed dog (sometimes said to have 50 or 100 heads) with a snake for a tail and serpentine mane. He guarded the gate to Hades (the Greek underworld) and ensured that the dead could not leave and the living could not enter.
- Triton (mythology), a Greek god, the messenger of the deep, son of Poseidon, god of the sea. In Greek mythology, Heracles or Herakles ("glory of Hera", Ἥpα + κλέος, Ἡpακλῆς) was a divine hero, the son of Zeus Extraordinary strength, courage, ingenuity, with both males and females were among his characteristic attributes In Greek mythology, the Nereids (NEER-ee-eds) are sea nymphs, the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris. They often accompany Poseidon and are always friendly and helpful towards sailors fighting perilous storms
- The Trojan War was a war waged, according to legend, against the city of Troy in Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), by the armies of the Achaeans, after Paris of Troy stole Helen from her husband Menelaus, king of Sparta.