1. Chapter 22: T Development of
he
U.S. Foreign Policy
Flags from:
www.fotw.net

2. Section 2: Shared Foreign Policy Powers
Presidential Powers & Responsibilities
Constitutional P owers
1. Commander-in-Chief
Head of State
Pictures from www.whitehouse.gov
2.
What foreign policy powers does the
President have as Head of State?

3. Section 2: Shared Foreign Policy
Powers
 Foreign Policy Advisors
1. Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton
2.Secretary of Defense
Robert Gates
3. National Security Advisor
General (ret.) James Jones
Pictures from www.wikipedia.org

4. Section 3: State & Defense
Departments
 Department of State
Department of State
created in 1789
 Secretary of State is the
highest ranking member of
the Cabinet.
 State Departments
“primary objective in the
conduct of foreign
relations is to promote the
long-range security &
well-being of the United
States.”
Pictures from www.wikipedia.org

5. Section 3: State & Defense
Departments
 Department of State has four other important functions:
1) Keep president informed about international relations
2) To maintain diplomatic relations with foreign governments
3) Negotiate treaties with foreign governments
4) Protect the interests of Americans traveling abroad
Pictures from www.wikipedia.org

6. Section 3: State & Defense
Departments
 F assistant Secretaries of State administer five
ive
geographic bureaus:
1. African Affairs
2. European & Canadian Affairs
3. East-Asian & Pacific Affairs
4. Inter-American Affairs
5. Near-Eastern Affairs
 Official assigned to serve abroad are members of the
foreign service
 State Department maintains embassies and consulates
in foreign capitals and major cities that the U.S. has
diplomatic relations with.

7. Section 3: State & Defense
Departments
Department of Defense
 Department of Defense
(DOD) supervises the
armed forces of the U.S.
1. Army
2. Navy
3. Air Force
4. Nuclear Arsenal
 The U.S. military is
controlled by civilians.
The President is the
Commander-in-Chief &
he designates the
Secretary of Defense to
run the day to day affairs
and supervise the J oint
Chiefs of Staff.
Pictures from www.wikipedia.org

8. Section 4: F oreign P olicy in
Action to their security
When nation feel a common threat
they form mutual defense alliances
The United States is a member of three regional
security pacts.
Since WWII mutual defense alliances and regional
security pacts, along with the United Nations have
prevented a third world war.
Collective Security : a system by which the
participating nations agree to take joint action against
a nation that attacks any one of them. “All for one and
one for all.”

9. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NAT O)
 Formed after WWII to contain communism and the
Soviet Union.
 Initially the Western European Democracies, the U.S.
and Canada
 Since the end of the Cold War NATO has
transformed into a peacekeeping organization with
missions in the former Yugoslavia, & Afghanistan

10. Organization of American
States
 Formed in 1947 with the Rio Pact
 Has served as a peacekeeping force and organization
to promote democracy and diplomacy in the
American hemisphere
 Strained by Cuban Crisis of the 1960s as well as the
1982 Falkland Islands War between Argentina and
the United Kingdom in

11. ANZUS
Australia, New Zealand, United
States
F ormed in 1951 as the main
defense pact in the Pacific.
 ANZUS strained after 1984 when
New Zealand adopted an anti-
Nuclear policy