Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide

A
Applied Psychology at University Centre at Blackburn CollegeApplied Psychology at University Centre at Blackburn College
Maxine Kenyon
 1. Suicide to cease to be a crime. 
 2. Criminal liability for complicity in another’s suicide. 
I)A person who aids, abets, counsels or procures the suicide of another, or 
an attempt by another to commit suicide, shall be liable on conviction on 
indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years. 
II)If on the trial of an indictment for murder or manslaughter it is proved that 
the accused aided, abetted, counselled or procured the suicide of the 
person in question, the jury may find him guilty of that offence.
Against 
Janet Tracey 
For 
Paul Lamb
Paul Lamb Interview
The Director of Public Prosecutions 
undertook a survey in September 2009 to 
create a snapshot of public opinion 
resulting in the creation of the Policy for 
Prosecutors in respect of encouraging or 
assisting suicide.
The taking of life goes against the 
teachings of God. 
H1: High levels of religiosity will result in a 
negative attitude towards euthanasia and 
Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS).
Kouwenhoven et al (2010). 
 British Social Attitudes Survey (2007). 
Seale (2009). 
Harrison and Jeffrey (2012). 
H2: A care based course of study or 
occupation will result in negative attitudes 
towards euthanasia and PAS.
 If the person seeking to end their life is older 
and perceived as having lived a full life will 
there be a more positive attitude than if the 
person making the same decisions were 
younger and perceived as being at the start of 
their adult life. 
H3: The increased age of the person 
requesting end of life support will result in a 
positive attitude towards euthanasia and PAS.
 The Hayley Cropper storyline in Coronation 
St coincided with my research. Hayley was 
diagnosed with terminal pancreatic cancer 
and made the decision to end her life at a 
time that felt right to her. 
H4: People who watch Coronation Street will 
have a more positive attitude towards 
euthanasia and PAS.
 The main ethical concern regarding this 
research was the subject of the study. 
 Before issuing the questionnaire the content 
was discussed with the participant. 
 All participants were advised that they had 
the right to withdraw. 
 Contact details were available should 
participants require further information or 
support.
Dukes University Religion Index (Koenig 
and Bussing, 2010). 
Example question: 
• My religious beliefs are what really lie behind my 
whole approach to life.
Active 
• Administering a lethal dose of a 
substance 
Severe pain 
Patients request 
• The patient asks to end 
their life 
• Voluntary 
Passive 
• Withholding life maintaining 
treatment 
No recovery 
Doctors decision 
• Doctor makes a decision 
on a patients behalf 
• Non voluntary
 Example question: 
• If a patient in severe pain requests it, a doctor should 
remove life support and allow that patient to die. 
(patient, pain, passive) 
• It is okay for a doctor to administer enough medicine 
to a suffering patient to end that patients life, if the 
doctor thinks the patients pain is too severe. 
(doctor, pain, active)
Occupation 
t(73,71) = 0.39 p>0.05 
Religiosity 
F(2,70) = 2.12 p>0.05 
32.5 
32 
31.5 
31 
30.5 
30 
29.5 
29 
Occupation 
Attitude score 
Care 
Non-care 
35 
30 
25 
20 
15 
10 
5 
0 
Religiosity 
Attitude score 
High 
Medium 
Low
Coronation St 
t(72,71) = 1.45 p>0.05 
Age 
t(72,71) = 1.45 p>0.05 
34 
33 
32 
31 
30 
29 
28 
27 
Coronation St 
Attitude score 
Watch 
Do Not 
Watch 
15.6 
15.4 
15.2 
15 
14.8 
14.6 
14.4 
14.2 
Age 
Attitude score 
27 
77
300 
250 
200 
150 
100 
50 
0 
Attitude score 
Patient 
Doctor
 As technologies develop end of life 
trajectories extend, new medical issues have 
developed and the controversy surrounding 
end of life decisions has grown. 
New challenges to the suicide act will be 
made and governments will have to decide 
under what circumstances euthanasia can be 
justified, if at all.
Short semi 
structured 
interviews 
would allow 
partcipants to 
express their 
attitudes in 
greater depth.
In Switzerland 
assisted suicide is 
legal and a doctor 
does not need to 
be present at time 
of death. 
In Poland all 
forms of 
euthanasia are 
illegal.
Overall participants had a positive attitude 
towards euthanasia and physician assisted 
suicide. 
A better understanding of the ethical and 
practical implications of any future 
legislation is required.
Thank you for listening. 
Have you any questions?
1 de 21

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Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide

  • 2.  1. Suicide to cease to be a crime.  2. Criminal liability for complicity in another’s suicide. I)A person who aids, abets, counsels or procures the suicide of another, or an attempt by another to commit suicide, shall be liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years. II)If on the trial of an indictment for murder or manslaughter it is proved that the accused aided, abetted, counselled or procured the suicide of the person in question, the jury may find him guilty of that offence.
  • 3. Against Janet Tracey For Paul Lamb
  • 5. The Director of Public Prosecutions undertook a survey in September 2009 to create a snapshot of public opinion resulting in the creation of the Policy for Prosecutors in respect of encouraging or assisting suicide.
  • 6. The taking of life goes against the teachings of God. H1: High levels of religiosity will result in a negative attitude towards euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS).
  • 7. Kouwenhoven et al (2010).  British Social Attitudes Survey (2007). Seale (2009). Harrison and Jeffrey (2012). H2: A care based course of study or occupation will result in negative attitudes towards euthanasia and PAS.
  • 8.  If the person seeking to end their life is older and perceived as having lived a full life will there be a more positive attitude than if the person making the same decisions were younger and perceived as being at the start of their adult life. H3: The increased age of the person requesting end of life support will result in a positive attitude towards euthanasia and PAS.
  • 9.  The Hayley Cropper storyline in Coronation St coincided with my research. Hayley was diagnosed with terminal pancreatic cancer and made the decision to end her life at a time that felt right to her. H4: People who watch Coronation Street will have a more positive attitude towards euthanasia and PAS.
  • 10.  The main ethical concern regarding this research was the subject of the study.  Before issuing the questionnaire the content was discussed with the participant.  All participants were advised that they had the right to withdraw.  Contact details were available should participants require further information or support.
  • 11. Dukes University Religion Index (Koenig and Bussing, 2010). Example question: • My religious beliefs are what really lie behind my whole approach to life.
  • 12. Active • Administering a lethal dose of a substance Severe pain Patients request • The patient asks to end their life • Voluntary Passive • Withholding life maintaining treatment No recovery Doctors decision • Doctor makes a decision on a patients behalf • Non voluntary
  • 13.  Example question: • If a patient in severe pain requests it, a doctor should remove life support and allow that patient to die. (patient, pain, passive) • It is okay for a doctor to administer enough medicine to a suffering patient to end that patients life, if the doctor thinks the patients pain is too severe. (doctor, pain, active)
  • 14. Occupation t(73,71) = 0.39 p>0.05 Religiosity F(2,70) = 2.12 p>0.05 32.5 32 31.5 31 30.5 30 29.5 29 Occupation Attitude score Care Non-care 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Religiosity Attitude score High Medium Low
  • 15. Coronation St t(72,71) = 1.45 p>0.05 Age t(72,71) = 1.45 p>0.05 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 Coronation St Attitude score Watch Do Not Watch 15.6 15.4 15.2 15 14.8 14.6 14.4 14.2 Age Attitude score 27 77
  • 16. 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Attitude score Patient Doctor
  • 17.  As technologies develop end of life trajectories extend, new medical issues have developed and the controversy surrounding end of life decisions has grown. New challenges to the suicide act will be made and governments will have to decide under what circumstances euthanasia can be justified, if at all.
  • 18. Short semi structured interviews would allow partcipants to express their attitudes in greater depth.
  • 19. In Switzerland assisted suicide is legal and a doctor does not need to be present at time of death. In Poland all forms of euthanasia are illegal.
  • 20. Overall participants had a positive attitude towards euthanasia and physician assisted suicide. A better understanding of the ethical and practical implications of any future legislation is required.
  • 21. Thank you for listening. Have you any questions?