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Background: Recent studies have reported the differential physiological and psychological effects of yogic uninostril breathing (UNB) and alternate nostril breathing (ANB) techniques. This study aims to determine differential effects of these techniques on reaction time (RT), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP). Materials and Methods: Twenty yoga-trained subjects came to the lab on six different days and RT, HR, and BP were recorded randomly before and after nine rounds of right UNB (surya nadi [SN]), left UNB (chandra nadi [CN]), right initiated ANB (surya bhedana [SB]), left initiated ANB (chandra bhedana [CB]), nadi shuddhi (NS), and normal breathing (NB). Results: Overall comparison of ∆ % changes showed statistically significant differences between groups for all parameters. There was an overall reduction in HR- and BP-based parameters following CB, CN, and NS with concurrent increases following SB and SN. The differential effects of right nostril initiated (SB and SN) and left nostril initiated (CB, CN, and NS) UNB and ANB techniques were clearly evidenced. Changes following NB were insignificant in all respects. The overall comparison of ∆ % changes for RT showed statistically significant differences between groups that were significantly lowered following both SB and SN. Discussion and Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of sympathomimetic effects of right nostril initiated pranayamas with sympatholytic/parasympathomimetic effect following left nostril initiated pranayamas. We suggest that the main effect of UNB and ANB techniques is determined by the nostril used for inspiration rather than that used for expiration. We conclude that right and left yogic UNB and ANB techniques have differential physiological effects that are in tune with the traditional swara yoga concept that air flow through right nostril (SN and pingala swara) is activatory in nature, whereas the flow through left nostril (CN and ida swara) is relaxatory.
This paper was published in International Journal of Yoga 2014; 7 (1): 60- 5. It is available from: http://www.ijoy.org.in/text.asp? 2014/7/1/60/123489
Differential effects of uninostril and alternate nostril pranayamas on cardio...
Differential effects of uninostril and alternate nostril pranayamas on cardio...Yogacharya AB Bhavanani
Background: This study evaluated immediate effects of 27 rounds of left nostril initiated alternate nostril breathing (ANB) technique of nadi shuddi (NS) and right nostril initiated ANB of aloma viloma (AV) pranayama on cardiovascular (CV) parameters and reaction time (RT) in a
trained population.
Materials and methods: 16 subjects attending regular yoga sessions were recruited and each subject performed 27
rounds of either technique, selected randomly on different days. Heart rate (HR), systolic pressure (SP), diastolic
pressure (DP), auditory and visual reaction time (ART and VRT) were recorded before and after pranayamas. NS was done by breathing in through left nostril and out through right followed by breathing in through right and out through left. AV was done by breathing in through right nostril and out through left followed by breathing in through left and out through right. All data passed normality testing and statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s paired t test.
Results: HR, SP and DP reduced significantly (p < 0.05 to 0.001) after NS while they increased after AV. Post intervention differences as well as ∆% between groups was significant (p < 0.05 to 0.001) for HR, SP and DP. ART and VRT were significantly (p < 0.05 to 0.001) shortened after AV and significantly prolonged after NS. Post intervention
differences as well as ∆% between groups was very significant (p < 0.001) for both ART and VRT.
Discussion: Significant reductions of HR, SP and DP after NS and their increase after AV may be attributed to
modulation of autonomic tone. Right nostril initiated ANB technique produces autonomic arousal, whereas left nostril
initiated ANB technique induces relaxation/balance. These can be selectively applied in various therapeutic settings.
Further studies in various clinical conditions and settings can enable us to understand their therapeutic applications better. >p> This paper was published in the Jan 2014 Special Issue of the Online International Interdisciplinary
Research Journal. http://www.oiirj.org/oiirj/?p=1045Immediate Effect of Alternate Nostril Breathing On Cardiovascular Parameters ...
Immediate Effect of Alternate Nostril Breathing On Cardiovascular Parameters ...Yogacharya AB Bhavanani
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Background: Recent studies have reported the differential physiological and psychological effects of yogic uninostril breathing (UNB) and alternate nostril breathing (ANB) techniques. This study aims to determine differential effects of these techniques on reaction time (RT), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP). Materials and Methods: Twenty yoga-trained subjects came to the lab on six different days and RT, HR, and BP were recorded randomly before and after nine rounds of right UNB (surya nadi [SN]), left UNB (chandra nadi [CN]), right initiated ANB (surya bhedana [SB]), left initiated ANB (chandra bhedana [CB]), nadi shuddhi (NS), and normal breathing (NB). Results: Overall comparison of ∆ % changes showed statistically significant differences between groups for all parameters. There was an overall reduction in HR- and BP-based parameters following CB, CN, and NS with concurrent increases following SB and SN. The differential effects of right nostril initiated (SB and SN) and left nostril initiated (CB, CN, and NS) UNB and ANB techniques were clearly evidenced. Changes following NB were insignificant in all respects. The overall comparison of ∆ % changes for RT showed statistically significant differences between groups that were significantly lowered following both SB and SN. Discussion and Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of sympathomimetic effects of right nostril initiated pranayamas with sympatholytic/parasympathomimetic effect following left nostril initiated pranayamas. We suggest that the main effect of UNB and ANB techniques is determined by the nostril used for inspiration rather than that used for expiration. We conclude that right and left yogic UNB and ANB techniques have differential physiological effects that are in tune with the traditional swara yoga concept that air flow through right nostril (SN and pingala swara) is activatory in nature, whereas the flow through left nostril (CN and ida swara) is relaxatory.
This paper was published in International Journal of Yoga 2014; 7 (1): 60- 5. It is available from: http://www.ijoy.org.in/text.asp? 2014/7/1/60/123489
Differential effects of uninostril and alternate nostril pranayamas on cardio...
Differential effects of uninostril and alternate nostril pranayamas on cardio...Yogacharya AB Bhavanani
Background: This study evaluated immediate effects of 27 rounds of left nostril initiated alternate nostril breathing (ANB) technique of nadi shuddi (NS) and right nostril initiated ANB of aloma viloma (AV) pranayama on cardiovascular (CV) parameters and reaction time (RT) in a
trained population.
Materials and methods: 16 subjects attending regular yoga sessions were recruited and each subject performed 27
rounds of either technique, selected randomly on different days. Heart rate (HR), systolic pressure (SP), diastolic
pressure (DP), auditory and visual reaction time (ART and VRT) were recorded before and after pranayamas. NS was done by breathing in through left nostril and out through right followed by breathing in through right and out through left. AV was done by breathing in through right nostril and out through left followed by breathing in through left and out through right. All data passed normality testing and statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s paired t test.
Results: HR, SP and DP reduced significantly (p < 0.05 to 0.001) after NS while they increased after AV. Post intervention differences as well as ∆% between groups was significant (p < 0.05 to 0.001) for HR, SP and DP. ART and VRT were significantly (p < 0.05 to 0.001) shortened after AV and significantly prolonged after NS. Post intervention
differences as well as ∆% between groups was very significant (p < 0.001) for both ART and VRT.
Discussion: Significant reductions of HR, SP and DP after NS and their increase after AV may be attributed to
modulation of autonomic tone. Right nostril initiated ANB technique produces autonomic arousal, whereas left nostril
initiated ANB technique induces relaxation/balance. These can be selectively applied in various therapeutic settings.
Further studies in various clinical conditions and settings can enable us to understand their therapeutic applications better. >p> This paper was published in the Jan 2014 Special Issue of the Online International Interdisciplinary
Research Journal. http://www.oiirj.org/oiirj/?p=1045Immediate Effect of Alternate Nostril Breathing On Cardiovascular Parameters ...
Immediate Effect of Alternate Nostril Breathing On Cardiovascular Parameters ...Yogacharya AB Bhavanani
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