1. Changes in the brain in the Alzheimer’s Disease 2. What Causes Alzheimer’s 3. Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease 4. Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

1. G1 (K4)
Jasmine anak Dadi @ Tiap (47064)
Faizzatun Nisha Fauzan (46766)
Argie Asun Lumberio Lim (46333)
Ramizah Binti Rasdi (48759)

2. INTRODUCTION
BODY :
1. Changes in the brain in the Alzheimer’s Disease
2. What Causes Alzheimer’s
3. Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease
4. Treating Alzheimer’s Disease
CONCLUSION

3. What is Alzheimer?
Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain
disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills
Who found it?
The Alzheimer’s disease is named after
Dr. Alois Alzheimer .
Features of the disease?
Plaques and tangles in the brain are two of the
main features of Alzheimer’s disease. The third
is the loss of connections between nerve cells
(neurons) in the brain.

4. Changes in the brain in the
Alzheimer’s Disease
Neurons lose their ability to function
and communicate with each other, and
eventually they die.
Basically Alzheimer’s Disease have 3 stages
which are the Very early Alzheimer’s, Mild to
Moderate Alzheimer’s and Severe
Alzheimer’s.
As Alzheimer’s disease progresses,
neurofibrillary tangles spread throughout
the brain (shown in blue). Plaques also
spread throughout the brain, starting in the
neocortex. By the final stage, damage is
widespread, and brain tissue has shrunk
significantly.

5. Alzheimer Timeline
Very Early Alzheimer Disease
Memory problems are typically
one of the first warning signs of
cognitive loss, possibly due to the
development of Alzheimer’s disease.
Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s
Mild - Memory loss worsens, and changes in
other cognitive abilities are evident.
For example,getting lost, trouble handling
money
and paying bills.
Moderate - In this stage, damage occurs in areas
of the brain that control
language,reasoning,sensory processing,and
conscious thought.Patient may have
hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia,and may
behave impulsively.
Severe Alzheimer’s
By the final stage, plaques and tangles
have spread throughout the brain. Near the
end, the person may be in bed most or all of
the time as the body shuts down.

7. Age
Genetic
Gender
Environmental /
lifestyle factor

8. Age
Between the age of 65, 74,85 and older.
These age changes include shrinking
of certain part of the brain.
The production of unstable molecules.

9. Genetic
Inheritance of genes. The patient having
Alzheimer’s in the family is associated with
higher risk.
Many studies have linked the apolipoprotein
E(APOE) gene to late-onset Alzheimer’s.

10. Gender
Twice as many women as men
over 65 with Alzheimer.
Lack of the hormone estrogen
after the menopause.

11. Environmental/lifestyle factor
Medical condition such as diabetes,
stroke and heart problem.
Eating unhealthy diet
Seldom doing physical exercise

12. Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease
Doctors may asked question about overall health,
past medical problems, ability to carry out daily
activities and changes in behavior and personality.
Conducting the test of memory, problem
solving, attention, counting and language.
Perform brain scans such as computed
tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) to distinguish Alzheimer’s
from other possible causes for symptoms
like stroke or tumor.

14. Treating Alzheimer’s Disease
Maintaining mental function by using drugs in
regulating neurotransmitter to maintain
thinking, memory and speaking skills.
Managing behavioral symptoms either
by drugs or non drugs.
Participating in clinical trials to help the
scientist learn about brain in healthy
aging as well what happens in Alzheimer’s
Disease.

15. Conclusion
Many scientist and physicians are now working
together to untangle the mysteries of Alzheimer's
including the factors which are genetic, biological and
environmental factors.
Throughout the process in figuring out more
information about the disease can bring us close to
better managing and ultimately preventing the
Alzheimer's disease.

16. Q & A SESSION