1. WORK EXPERIENCE PROJECT
CONVECTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY

2. Project
Overview



CONCEPT MAP
SOURCES OF
ENERGY
CLASSIFICATION
OF SOURCES OF
ENERGY

3. Current Status :CONCEPT
MAP

4. SOURCES OF ENERGY
A source of energy is one which has the
capability to provide useful energy.
Coal, petroleum are all important sources of
energy.
In this picture you can see light house. To run this
or any electrical device we use electricity and
Electricity is obtained by
Sources of energy.

5. A good source of energy .
1. A good sources of energy
would be one which
would do a large amount of
work per unit
volume or mass.
2. It should be easily
available.
3.It should be easy to store
and transport.
4.It should be perhaps most
importantly ,be

6. RENEABLE
NONRENEWABLE
FOSSIL FUELS
TYPES OF
ENERGY :LIKE
SOLAR
,THERMAL, ETC…

7. CLASSIFICATION OF SOURCES OF ENERGY .

8. RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
1.It is the source of energy which
can be
renewed again and again within a
relatively short period of time.
2.It is also known as nonexhaustible source
of energy.
3.Solar energy ,wind energy
, hydroelectric energy , tidal energy
are some of the examples of
renewable source of energy

9. NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
 It is the source of energy which cannot be renewed
again and again in a relatively short period of time .
 It is also known as exhaustible source of energy.
 Natural gas, petroleum oil and coal are some of the
examples of Non-Renewable source of energy.

10. Fossil fuels :The fossil fuels are
non-renewable sources of energy.
They are found embedded inside the
earth's crust which was formed
millions of years ago.
Fossils fuels are the major fuels used
for generating Electricity.
Examples of fossil fuel are
coal, natural gas and petroleum.
DISADVANTAGE OF FOSSIL FUELS : B u r
ni ng
of c oa l or pe t r ol e um pr oduc t
c a u s e s a i r -p o l l u t i o n .
The y ox i de s of c a r bon, ni t r oge n
a nd s ul phur
t ha t a r e r e l e a s e d
on bur ni ng f os s i l f ue l s a r e
a c i di c ox i de s . The s e l e a d t o
‘a c i d r a i n ’ w h i c h a f f e c t s o u r
wa t e r a n d s o i l r e s o u r c e s .

11. THERMAL POWER PLANT .
It is an industrial plant where fossils
fuels are burnt to produce heat
energy which is converted into
electrical energy for commercial use.
The main advantage is that the
transmission of electricity is more
efficient than transporting coal or
petroleum over the same distance .
Therefore, many thermal power plants
are set up near coal or oil fields.

12. into electrical energy. The electricity produced in it is
called hydroelectricity.
2. hydro power plants convert the potential energy of
falling water into electricity.
Since there are very few water falls which could be
used as a source of potential energy, hydro power
plants are associated with dams.
it’s a renewable source of energy.
DISADVANTAGES OF
HYDROELECTRICITY- The dams can be
constructed only in a limited number of
places, preferably in hilly terrains.
large areas of agriculture land and human
habitation are affected as a large area gets
submerged.
It creates the problem of satisfactory
rehabilitation of displaced people .

13. Since these fuels are plant and animal
products, the source of these fuels is said to be
bio-mass.
These fuels, however, do not produce much heat
on burning and a lot of smoke is given out when
they are burnt.
KINDS OF BIOMASS AS A FUEL– CHARCOAL :-IT
BURNS WITHOUT FLAMES .
IT ISCOMPARATIVELY SMOKELESS.
IT HAS A HIGHER HEAT GENERATION
EFFICIENCY.
IT IS A LIGHT AND A COMPACT FUEL AND IS
EASY TO HANDLE.

14. Bio Mass : It is a mixture of gases obtained by anaerobic
degradation of biomass.
It contains about 75%methane.
The other gases include carbon dioxide with traces of other
gases like hydrogen sulphide.
Various plant materials like the residue after harvesting the
crops, vegetable waste and sewage are decomposed in the
absence of oxygen to give bio –gas.
Since the starting material is mainly cow-dung, it is
popularly known as ‘gobar-gas’ .
Biomass gasification (basic process chemistry):- Conversion
of solid fuels into combustion gas mixture called producer
gas (CO+H2+CH4).
Involves partial combustion of biomass.
Four distinct process in the gasifier viz: 1-drying, 2pyrolysis, 3-combustion ,4- reduction

16. BIO-GAS POWER PLANT.
• The plant has a dome like structure built
with bricks.
• Slurry of a cow-dung and water is mixed
in the mixing tank from where it is fed
into the digester.
• The digester is a sealed chamber in which
there is oxygen.
• It takes a few days for the decomposition
process to be completed and generate
gases like methane, CO2, H2, etc……
• The bio-gas is stored in the gas tank
above the digester from which they are
drawn through pipes for use.

17. ADVANTAGE OF BIO-GAS PLANT.
Bio-gas produced burns without
smoke, leaves no residue like ash in wood.
Its heating capacity is high.
Bio-gas is also used for lighting.
Left behind from the plant is removed
periodically and used as excellent
manure, rich in nitrogen and phosphorous.
The large scale utilization of bio waste and
sewage material provides a safe and
efficient method of waste disposal besides
supplying energy and manures.

18. WIND ENERGY.
Wind power does not contributes to global
warming and produce no air pollution.
 Wind is the name given to air that moves
horizontally over the earth, while air moving
vertically are called currents.
 For about 5,000 years used wind energy to sail
ships on the Nile river later wind mills were built
to grind wheat and other grains.


19. pollution and has less energy cost.
There is no need of a fuel and hence
has no waste products.
Wind energy is an environmentfriendly and efficient source of
renewable energy.
It requires no recurring expenses
for the production of electricity.
 Noise
DISADVANTAGES OF WIND MILLS. to avoid
 Hurricanes-blades must be collapsed or at least turned off
damage.
 Birds-old designs can be injurious.
 Marine mammals and fish-noise and vibration disturbance; effects, if any
are not known.
 The wind should also be higher than 15 km/h to maintain the required
speed of turbine.

20. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF
WINDMILL


21. SOLAR POWER
(A BRIEF HISTORY)
 13TH century: Ancestors of the Pueblo people knows
as the Anasazi builds south-facing cliff dwellings
that capture the warmth of the winter sun.
 1954- Chapin, Fuller and Pearson at Bell Telephone
Laboratories develop the first Silicon photovoltaic
(PV). It's the first solar cell capable of generating
enough power from the sun to run everyday
electrical equipment.
 1993- First grid supported PV system in Kerman, CA.
this 500Kw system is the first “distributed power” pv
installation.
 1998-Subhendu Guha invents the flexible solar
shingle.


22. * SOLAR
POWER: HOW SOLOR WORKS
* below : the light from the sun penetrate and randomly
strike the silicon atoms. The atom becomes ionized, passing
energy to the outer electron, thereby allowing the outer
electron to break free from the atom . An electric
current is created.
* Solar cells are used to change the energy in sunlight into
electricity- 1.in this no generator is needed. 2.needs lot of
sunlight.

23. ADVANTAGE OF SOLAR CELLS :
1ST SOLOR CELLS HAVE NO MOVING
PARTS, REQUIRE LITTLE
MAINTENANCE AND WORK QUITE
SATISFACTORITY WITHOUT THE USE
OF ANY FOCUSSING DEVICE.
2.THEY CAN BE SET UP IN REMOTE
AND INACCESSIBLE HAMLETS OR
VERY SPARSELY INHABITED AREAS
IN WHICH LAYING OF A POWER
TRANSMISSION LINE MAY BE
EXPENSIVE AND NOT
COMMERCIALLY VIABLE.

24. DISADVANTAGE OF SOLAR CELLS :
1ST SILICON, WHICH IS USED
FOR MAKING SOLAR CELLS, IS
ABUNDANT IN NATURE BUT
AVAILABILITY OF THE SPECIAL
GRADE FOR MAKING SOLAR
CELLS IS LIMITED.
THE ENTIRE PROCESS OF
MANUFACTURE IS STILL VERY
EXPENSIVE, SILVER USED FOR
INTERCONNECTION OF THE
CELLS IN THE PANEL FURTHER
ADDS TO THE COST.