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1. Wolkite University
College of Computing and Informatics
Department of Computer Science
Chapter Two : Mobile Computing
Prepared by Adem (MSc.)
April 3, 2022
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 1 / 30

2. Lesson Objective
At the end of this lesson students will able to
Define what is Mobile computing
Understand the function of Mobile computing
Describe the different types of Mobil device
Describe the different types of Mobil os
Understand the challenges of Mobile computing
Describe the application of Mobile computing
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 2 / 30

3. Outline
1 Introduction
2 mobile computing functions
3 Mobile Computing vs. Wireless Networking
4 Mobile devices and Mobile OS
5 Mobile Computing Characteristics
6 Mobile Computing Technologies
7 MOBILE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 3 / 30

4. Introduction
computing
The activity of performing computations
The activity of using computer hardware and software for some
purpose.
Computing denotes the capability to automatically carry out
certain processing related to service invocations on a remote
computer.
Mobility , on the other hand, provides the capability to change
location while communicating to invoke computing services at
some remote computers.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 4 / 30

5. Cont..
Existing computing paradigms
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6. Cont..
Personal computing system
refers to the use of personal computers for Computation.
Characterized by
Local software installation,
Local system maintenance
Customizable to user needs
Very low utilization
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 6 / 30

7. Cont..
Distributed computing :
refers to the use of distributed systems to solve computational
problems.
It is a collection of multiple autonomous/independent computers
that appears to its users as a single coherent system.
Characteristics of Distributed Systems
Differences between the computers and the ways they
communicate are hidden from users
Users and applications can interact with a distributed system in a
consistent and uniform way regardless of location (e.g. atomatic
transactions)
Distributed systems should be easy to expand and scale
(Scalability, Extensibility )
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 7 / 30

8. Cont..
Parallel Computing
Calculations of large problems are divided into smaller parts and
carried out simultaneously /concurrently on different processors.
Characterized by
In parallel computing, all processors have access to a shared
memory.
Shared memory can be used to exchange information between
processors.
Information is exchanged by passing messages between the
processors.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 8 / 30

9. Cont..
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and
storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of the
physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the
services.”
Cloud computing relies on shared computing resource rather than
having local server or personal device for application.
The services are delivered and used over the internet and are paid
by customer based on pay-per-use business model.
Cloud computing characteristics: Liveliness, Reduced Cost,
Device and Location Independence, On-demand service,
Scalability and High Performance
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 9 / 30

10. Cont..
Pervasive/ Ubiquitous computing
A computing environment, which is pervasive in nature and can be
made available in any environment.
Characterized by :-
Context Awareness is an environment in which applications can
discover and take advantage of users’ contextual information.
Invisibility is about a complete disappearance of pervasive
computing technology from a user’s
Ad-hoc Networks is a self-configuring (wireless) network of
(mobile) nodes without the presence of static infrastructure.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 10 / 30

11. Cont..
Mobile computing
It is a technology that allows us to transmit data, audio, and video
via devices that are not connected with any physical link.
It can be defined as a computing environment over physical
mobility.
It is using a computer (of one kind or another) while on the move
The ability to compute remotely while on the move.
It can be defined as to access information from anywhere and at
anytime.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 11 / 30

12. Cont..
Mobile Computing basic components
Networks: communication
Devices and computing units :mobile
Applications : Computation
Mobile Computing = Mobile + (Communications) +
Computation
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13. Cont..
A computing environment is defined as mobile if it supports one
or more of these characteristics:
User Mobility:
User should be able to move from one physical location to another
location and use the same service.
The service may be from home network or remote network
Network Mobility:
Moving from one network to another network and use the same
service.
Bearer Mobility:
User should be able to move from one bearer to another and use the
same service
Device Mobility:
User should be able to move from one device to another use the
same service.
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14. Cont..
Session Mobility:
A user session should be able to move from one user agent
environment to another.
Service Mobility:
User should be able to move from one service to another.
Host Mobility:
The user device can be either a client or server.
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15. Cont...
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16. Cont..
The mobile computing functions can be logically divided into
following major segments
User with device:
The user device, this could be fixed device like desktop computer in
office or a portable device like mobile phone.
Network:
Whenever a user is mobile, he will be using different networks at
different places at different time
Gateways:
This is required to interface different transport bearers.
MiddleWare:
This is more of a function rather than a separate visible node.
In the present context middleware handles the presentation and
rendering of the context on a particular device.
It will also handle the security and personalization for different
users.
Content: This is the domain where the origin server and content
could be an application, system.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 16 / 30

17. Mobile Computing vs. Wireless Networking
Mobile computing essentially denotes accessing information and
remote computational services while on the move.
Wireless networking provides the basic communication
infrastructure necessary to make this possible.
Mobile computing is based on wireless networking and helps one
to invoke computing services on remote servers while on the
move.
Wireless networking is an important ingredient of mobile
computing, but forms only one of the necessary ingredients of
mobile computing.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 17 / 30

18. Mobile devices and Mobile OS
Mobile device refers to any electronic device that be easily moved
from one location to another.
Mobile Devices means tablets and smartphones running mobile
operating systems.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 18 / 30

19. Cont..
Laptop:
Notebook
Netbook
Ultra-Mobile PC
Communication
devices:
pager
Smartphone
PDA and Pocket
PC
cell phone
Cordless phone
Tablet PC
E-book readers:
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 19 / 30

20. Mobile OS
A mobile OS is a type of software that performs the basic
operations required by a modern phone.
It is the operating system that controls a mobile device similar in
principle to an operating system
such as Windows,
Mac OS, or
Linux that controls a desktop computer or laptop.
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21. Cont...
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22. Cont...
Symbian
Market share(2010): 37.6
License : open source
Company: Nokia.
CPU Architecture: ARM
Programmed in: C++
Application store: Symbian Horizon,Ovistore(10000+)
Package manager: Nokia Ovi Suite
Other: multi-touch, easily affordable cost
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23. Cont...
Android
Market share(2010): 22.7
License : open source
Company: Open Handset Alliance(Google).
CPU Architecture: ARM, x86
Programmed in: C, C++, Java
Application store: Google play (700,000+)
Package manager: APK
Other: multi-touch, Linux
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24. Cont...
BlackBerry RIM OS
Market share(2010): 16.0
License : Proprietary
Company: Research in motion (RIM).
CPU Architecture: ARM
Programmed in: Java
Application store: Blackberry App World(30000+)
Package manager: Blackberry Desktop Manager
Other: not multi-touch, push email service
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25. Cont...
Apple iOS
Market share(2010): 15.7
License : Proprietary
Company: Apple.
CPU Architecture: ARM
Programmed in: C, C++, Objective-C
Application store: Apple App Store(300,000+)
Package manager: iTunes
Other: multi-touch, for iphone ,ipod touch ipad, Apple Tv only
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26. Cont...
Mobile computing issues and Challenges
Security
There are several security concerns associated with the increased
popularity of mobile computing devices.
Keeping a device constantly connected to the internet makes it
vulnerable to threats.
Issues with Connectivity
Most applications don’t function without internet connectivity, and
the lack of it makes devices very limited.
Device Size Limitations
Power Consumption
Dependency
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 26 / 30

27. Mobile Computing Characteristics
Ubiquity
Anywhere.
Anytime.
Location Awareness:
Current location of the user can be found out using GPS (Global
positioning system)
Ex: Personalized application to find car maintaining service,
Traffic control application, and Fleet management application
when travelling by car.
Adaptation
Adjust the bandwidth fluctuation automatically without disturbing
the user
Personalization:
Services can be personalized according to the user need. Some
type of information can be obtained from the specific source.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 27 / 30

28. Mobile Computing Technologies
Types of Mobile Technologies
SMS
It is now the most widely used and oldest text messaging service.
Messages can usually be up to 140 characters long.
SMS was originally developed for GSM phones, although it is now
supported by all major cellular phone networks.
GSM
Global System for Mobile technology is a cellular technology that
is open and digital and is used for mobile communication.
It operates on the 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz
frequency ranges.
It employs a hybrid of FDMA and TDMA.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 28 / 30

29. Cont..
CDMA
It is a channel access mechanism that also serves as an example of
multiple access.
Multiple access simply means that data from multiple transmitters
can be delivered onto a single communication channel at the same
time.
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows us to
connect to a network or to other computers or mobile devices
across a wireless channel.
Data is delivered in a circular region over radio frequencies in
Wi-Fi.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a generic acronym for a
communication standard for a wireless network that functions as a
Local Area Network without the use of cables or other types of
cabling.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 29 / 30

30. MOBILE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS
Vehicles
Emergencies
Traveling Salesman
Entertainment
Education
Location Dependent Services etc.
Prepared by Adem (MSc.) Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing April 3, 2022 30 / 30