SQL Saturday San Diego
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New Slides Added to talk on virtualization and the move to the cloud. Includes links to references.
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SQL Saturday San Diego
- 1. The Next Frontier Opportunities With the Cloud and Virtualization Kellyn Pot’Vin-Gorman
- 2. Kellyn Pot’Vin-Gorman Technical Intelligence Manager for the Office of CTO, Delphix • Multi-platform DBA, (Oracle, MSSQL, MySQL, Sybase, PostgreSQL…..) • Oracle ACE Director, (Alumni), Oak Table • APEX Women in Technology Award, CTA • STEM education with Raspberry Pi and Python • Liaison for Denver SQL Server User Group • President, Rocky Mountain Oracle User Group • Author, blogger, (http://dbakevlar.com)
- 3. Management of Non-production Environments: Virtualized sanity for the DBA Realist. Provisioning: Patching, refreshing and if you ask me one more time! Cloud: Cloudy with a chance of failures. Security: Yo Developer- Is that the SA password taped to your monitor??
- 4. The Life of a DBA Provision Databases Refresh and provide data to reporting, testing and development Secure database environments Optimize data access Collaborate to solve business challenges
- 5. What is Copy Data Management, (CDM) The management of all non-production databases. Broad Term- Physical and virtual clones Managed or unmanaged Command line or User Interface, (or both) Administrative, Infrastructure, security
- 6. Why Virtualize- This Scientific Reason • The Economics of Data- the natural life of a database is growth. It’s only going to get bigger. • Von Newmann’s Bottleneck- the limiting factor of computing speed dependent on where the data resides and how much data there is. • Data Gravity- Jim McCrory coined this term for the gravitational pull of applications and services to data. These may be theories, these may be viewed as technology challenges to be overcome another day, but physics an important consideration in technology.
- 7. Storage costs Thin-provisioning storage avoidance Data transfer costs Far less data transferred during provisioning/refresh operations As opposed to the volume of data transferred using traditional cloning techniques Simplifies Provisioning vs. archaic processes to copy data Why Use Virtualize- the Business Reason
- 8. 8 ▶▶▶ Virtualize and Deployed▶ ▶ ▶ 80% of Environemnts are Repeat Data Storage Pool for Delphix QA DEV PATCH TEST PRODUCTION Database/App Tier 1 TB 1 TB 0.6 TB Read From Production Spin a VIRTUAL database up a patch test, without having to remove a current development or test one. TEST
- 10. Data Virtualization: From Prod to Virtual Validated Sync Environment Source Environment SCSI/SSL
- 11. Data Virtualization: From Prod to Virtual Validated Sync Environment Source Environment SCSI/SSL Any Storage Create as many VDBs as needed!
- 12. Data Virtualization: Space Savings Delphix Virtualization EngineValidated Sync Target Dozen Virtual Database Copies, (VDBs)
- 13. Data Virtualization: How is it possible? Delphix Virtualization Engine Any Storage Virtual Database
- 14. • Using any storage and only fraction of space • Syncs with native or third-party SQL Server backups • Can maintain two weeks of data changes • Managed just like any SQL Server database • Users can instantly provision a read/write virtual copy of a database • Can be used for replication, mirroring, change data capture (CDC), and maintenance. This is Data Version Control
- 16. Bookmarking and Branching Release 1.2 Release 1.3 Branch 1.3 Branch 1.1
- 17. 17 Spin up a new VIRTUAL DB and SQL bin Files Night Time ETL/Maintenance Challenges Finance Dev Test QA ETL BI Reporting DBCC’s Scripted out to spin up new VDBs to run nightly jobs, maintenance, etc.
- 18. 18 Epiphany e·piph·a·ny əˈpifənē/ noun a (1) : a usually sudden manifestation or perception of the essential nature or meaning of something (2) : an intuitive grasp of reality through something (as an event) usually simple and striking (3) : an illuminating discovery, realization, or disclosure b : a revealing scene or moment
- 19. 19 Patching- Got the T-shirt
- 20. 20 How Do We Build Out? How Long? Finance HR CRM
- 21. 21
- 22. 22 Patching and Upgrading Databases Each patch, would need to be applied to a development database, requiring outage to development teams and then tested before applying to test, UAT and then onto production. This has to be performed to EACH environment, every SQL Server, each quarter. Finance HR CRM UAT Test DevProd
- 23. 23 Downtime for valuable resources. DBAs working afterhours Each database must have it done and… The tedious task must be performed over and over again. Little opportunity for advanced learning. Each database may experience different bugs. Risks/Challenges Of This Approach
- 24. 24 Spin up a new VIRTUAL DB and SQL bin files and apply patch to it. Environment Virtualization, DB Style CRM Finance HR
- 25. 25 No need to keep the extra VDBs post patch to prod. After Testing, Apply to Production CRM Finance HR
- 26. 26 The Compressed Copies in the Delphix Engine are Upgraded! Environment Virtualization, DB Style HR Finance CRM
- 27. 27 In minutes, refresh and complete! Environment Virtualization, DB Style CRM Finance HR
- 28. 28
- 29. 29 • I didn’t have to take away a valuable resource’s database environment to test the patches. • I didn’t have to apply the patches to subsequent environments, as they are virtualized copies of the source, simply requiring a refresh from production, post final patch. • I save significant time that commonly has to be allocated to quarterly and annual maintenance for patching. • I apply the patch twice- once to test, once to production. I only need to refresh my environments after I’m done. • For releases, this can be “containerized”, simplifying release and if required, rollback. Patching and Upgrading with Virtualization
- 30. 30 The quickest way to complete a task is not having to do it.
- 31. 31
- 33. Just copy data and applications into the cloud… • Straightforward approach • Inefficient, non-incremental for large environments • Open-source “bcp” uses encryption, compresses, and multi-threads • Archaic processes recommended by vendors Start with backups to IaaS storage, then populate re-hosted applications by restoring from those backups • Cloud backups are easy, known technology How Are Companies Migrating to the Cloud?
- 34. Cost Estimates for Azure https://azure.microsoft.com/en- us/pricing/details/storage/blobs/ Storage Capacity LRS First 1 TB / Month $0.024 per GB Next 49 TB (1 to 50 TB) / Month $0.0236 per GB Next 450 TB (50 to 500 TB) / Month $0.0232 per GB Next 500 TB (500 to 1,000 TB) / Month $0.0228 per GB ZRS $0.03 per GB $0.0295 per GB $0.029 per GB $0.0285 per GB
- 35. Backups cloud service: from on- premises to the Cloud Database server Cloud Storage
- 36. Migration Complete…Not so Fast… • What if you only want dev and test in the cloud? • What about the application, support files and other data sources? • Data is migrated, but this doesn’t count for ongoing data loads, application connectivity across the network. • To refresh will take considerable time to perform with traditional tools or cloning methods. • Rarely a consideration for the difference in cost structure for processing large amounts of data from on-premise to the cloud.
- 38. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-cloud-migrate • Database must be MSSQL 2005 or higher, (easy) • Ensure that the database is compatible with Azure SQL DB, (correct any incompatible functions, etc.) • Must have identified all performance issues that will be impacted beforehand. • Ensure there is as little physical distance between the cloud data center and bacpac files to be used for migration. • Disable management jobs that will hinder migration processing. • Drop any objects or historical data that can impact migration time and can be performed post migration.
- 40. Let’s Discuss Network Latency • Network has been the bottleneck of every cloud project I’ve been a part of. • There’s a reason that AWS has invested in the Snowball and Snowmachine. • We can’t break the law of physics. • Let’s talk about Shannon’s Law… • In layman’s terms- the data is only going to go as fast as it can do so without hitting a error threshold.
- 41. How We Migrate it All Database server Cloud Storage Database server
- 42. Much Improved Option- 1. Data virtualization Easy, secure, revolutionary Simple movement via virtualized environments- movement of storage encompassing approximately one environment, no matter how many. Extended time to “rehydrate” environments to physical if desired. Ability to containerize data sources, applications and support files as Data Pods and move easily as one. Migrating from on-prem to IaaS with Virtualization
- 43. Data Virtualization, OnPrem & Data Pods Source DB server SQL Server 2008-2016 1 TB Delphix Virtualization Engine 2 TB storage Target DB server SQL Server 1008-2016 No database storage SCCI/SSL Backups via SMB Bin files, flat files, data sources Virtualized and now containerized as a Data Pod
- 44. Data virtualization: from on-premises into the Cloud Source DB server SQL Server 2008-2016 2TB storage Delphix Virtualization Engine 2 TB storage Target DB server SQL Server 2008-2016 No database storage
- 45. Optimized for the cloud in the first place…not after! Different cost structures Much smaller storage footprint, much less data-transfer How Does Data Virtualization Enhance this?
- 46. Traditional copy data management techniques Developed without concerns about infrastructure chargeback This corresponds to higher cost. IaaS vendors monitor storage and data transfers Help meet SLAs, garner profits It’s not just the data that exists in the end, so transformations can equal big money for cloud vendors. Different cost structures
- 47. Know Thy Enemy… • Tune SQL and Apps to perform efficiently as possible- natural life of database is growth, (in processes, resources, etc.) before migrating. • The less network latency, the better- network tracing to eliminate database blame is important. • Many of the same tools and data provides value- DMVs provide data internally to SQL Server. • Look at management tools such as Cloudmonix, (formerly AzureWatch) AppDynamics, Dynatrace, Zabbix or Logic Monitor.
- 48. For Non-Production Systems… Change the way you’ve always performed tasks. Performing common tasks the same way as previously might end up costing more. Secure Data All IaaS alternatives promote encryption for data in-flight and for data at-rest, but encryption may not be the right answer… Secondary Considerations
- 49. All IaaS solutions provide encryption in-flight and encryption at-rest But encryption doesn’t protect data as much as it needs to be . Europe already requires data masking, not just data encryption for any confindential data, (GDPR): http://ec.europa.eu/justice/data-protection/article- 29/documentation/opinion- recommendation/files/2014/wp216_en.pdf Confidential data
- 50. Encryption is reversible data obfuscation, which is very different from masking data. • Data masking is non-reversible. It solves the issue at the data level. Is authentication and authorization in non-production in compliance with security goals? All organizations will soon need to review if critical data in non- production environments be accessible to developers, testers and users. Confidential data
- 51. Masking personally-identifiable, (PII, HIPPA, PCI, etc.) information renders it useless from a security standpoint Resolves both the technical and personal responsibility issue. The data can be masked before it moves to non-production, removing unnecessary risk. Why Masking is Part of the Answer
- 53. Masking- All the Data SQL Server Validated Sync Environment + applications/flat files Delphix Masking Engine Delphix Virtualization Engine 2TB storage SQL Server Target No database storage
- 54. Simple Masking and then to the Cloud Delphix Virtualization Engine 2 TB storage SQL Server Target Storage Only for Masked Data Delphix Virtualization Engine 2TB storage Delphix Masking Engine SQL Server Validated Sync Environment SQL Server Target Storage Only for Masked Data
- 56. Masked Data Pods Migrated to Cloud Delphix Virtualization Engine 4 TB storage SQL Server Validated Sync Environment SQL Server Target Storage Only for Masked Data SQL Server Target Storage Only for Masked Data Delphix Virtualization Engine 4 TB storage SQL Server Target Storage Only for Masked Data Delphix Masking Engine
- 57. Virtualization Makes Management of non- production environments simple. Security with masking and encryption is best Cloud migrations are more successful when virtualized and planned accordingly. Patching and Maintenance can be done with less effort and resources.
- 58. Want to try it out, download the Delphix Azure Trial! https://www.delphix.com/products/free-trial- request Twittter: @DBAKevlar Linked in: http://linkedin.com/in/kellynpotvin Blog: http://dbakevlar.com
- 59. 59 Delphix with SQL Server- the Basics https://docs.delphix.com/docs/delphix-administration/sql-server-environments-and-data- sources/managing-sql-server-environments/overview-of-setting-up-sql-server- environments Delphix Upgrade Workflow: https://community.delphix.com/delphix/topics/tip-of-the-day- upgrading-a-sql-server-dsource Upgrading the Dsource after an Upgrade: https://docs.delphix.com/docs/delphix- administration/sql-server-environments-and-data-sources/virtualizing-databases-using- delphix-with-sql-server/managing-sql-server-dsources/additional-dsource- topics/upgrading-a-dsource-after-a-sql-server-upgrade Delphix in the Cloud https://www.delphix.com/solutions/cloud-migration-virtual-data References and Tips
Notas del editor
- The real question is- should it be? Let’s Talk about the future of the DBA with DevOps- Learn other database platforms Learn Shell, other than Powershell, learn Python and automation tools for DevOps
- ETL, subsets of data, as well as physical and virtual clones, backup, replication. Where is all that data going? DBA 1.0/2.0? Does it translate? Manage all those copies.
- Data gravity suffers from the Von Newmann Bottleneck. It’s a basic limitation on how fast computers can be. Pretty simple, but states that the speed of where data resides and where it’s processed is the limiting factor in computing speed. Microsoft researcher Jim Gray has spend most of his career looking at the economics of data, which is one of the most accurate terms of this area of technical study. He started working at Microsoft in 1995 and although passionate about many areas of technology, his research on large databases and transactional processing speeds is one of great respect in my world.
- 80-90% storage savings from traditional migration methods. Data In flight can be significant cost for many cloud vendors Network is the new bottleneck. You can avoid that with less copies- one golden copy- we call it the “validated sync environment”
- We create virtualized environments for database, application, flat files and other data sources, we can containerize it, (which I’ll go into more later) And allow you to create as many dev, test, reporting and patching environments you need. You can create copies of your SQL Bin files and it’s heterogeneous, so we can do this for SQL Server, Oracle, MySQL, Hadoop, applications and flat files. These are read write copies, so keep that in mind, that take little to no storage. They will have background processes and memory structures, along with a unique transaction log for each environment. Those are also written to the delphix engine.
- This is an example- let’s say it’s 1TB
- We take that 1TB and using the native backups, we create a validated sync copy, (a golden source) that in our delphix engine. Really a Vmware Software appliance that is kept in a state of perpetual recovery. We use a Postgres DB on the backend that tracks the ongoing LSN and timestamps from the transaction log backups that applies to the golden source and keeps the source up to date with production. As we pull from the transaction log backups, there is little to no latency to the environment.
- We then a re able to create as many VDB, (Virtual Databases) as we want from the source, (i.e. validated sync copy) Using SCSI/SSL connectivity, very fast IO, as 80% or more of your data is the same across environments. We can do this for
- Now as you see all these copies, you might assume that production takes 1TB, so ten copies would take 10 TB, but not so…
- As we spoke about earlier, the only blocks that are written per VDB and Data pod, (aka container) are the unique blocks for that environment. This saves extensive space and along with the dedup and compression on the golden source/validated sync, this means that all those copies only take up the approximate space of one copy.
- We here about code and script version control, but what about data version control. As the time flow for a virtualized environment is tracking each unique LSN and timestamp, it’s easy to recover to any point in time via a GUI with just the shift of a slider in the “timeflow”. Two weeks is default for what we retain, but we have customers who retain much more and those that retain less. Just depends on the configuration. Think about all the use cases for this, as we like to refer to this as a “swiss army knife solution”. We’ve saved one customer in Denver due to a removed datafile scenario.
- What you’re seeing here is the admin console. It doesn’t look like a standard Vmware interface or storage/backup utility. This is focused on the DBA, so databases, applications and other sources are shown in the interface. We can go through our “snapshots” and we have a timeflow slider at the bottom to toggle through each of them. Notice that the Vfile, (application) can be rewound, refresh or provisioned off the virtual even.
- This is the interface for Developers and testers- they can bookmark before important tasks or rewind to any point in the process. They can bookmark and branch for full development/testing needs. Let’s say a catastrophic situation occurred, the developer can simply dial back to the previous bookmark or anywhere inbetween, but bookmarking allows for designation of a change, allowing for easy knowledge when a change has occurred, or version control.
- For DBAs and analysts, there often isn’t enough time or resources to run all the processes, ETL, maintenance in the time allocated each night. You can spin up another VDB to perform tasks like ETL, maintenance jobs like DBCC’s Spin up another for running Power BI reports against and no need to use up resources valuable to the production environment.
- How often does Microsoft send patches? Do we start picking priorities about what we apply depending on environment access, resources and such?
- DBA has to commandeer a database for patch testing. This has to be performed for EACH environment, 100’s or 1000’s of databases! Most are not synchronized with production, different outcomes when released to production. Bugs occurring in one, not another!
- The standard process is to patch on a regular basis and to commandeer a database from a developer or tester, once tested, then you have to apply the patch upwards to production.
- This is how I would do so with a virtualized environment for all non-prod databases. I would spin up a VDB, vs. commandeering a database from developers and/or testers so they can continue to be productive. I’d spin up avirtualize bin home for my SQL Server installation, too.
- I would then apply the patch to this new virtual environment, verifying that everything tests without incident. Once complete, submit the patch submission for production and take the downtime to apply to prod.
- Link the production database with the Delphix Server. Provision a VDB at the existing patch level. Patch the existing SQL Server bin files against the live VDB. or Create the new SQL Server bin file directory and switch the VDB. Rollback VDB or Refresh from production. Repeat 3 or 4 until confident. Once the process has been tested and confirmed, it can be rolled out with confidence into production.
- Now that I’ve patched production and my Delphix Engine has kept all the changes up to date in all my virtual SQL homes Now we simply refresh the VDB and virtual homes. They are automatically patched and I don’t have to apply them to the environments. The refresh only takes a matter of minutes for each environment, can be automated/scheduled.
- Do any of you see the problem with the high level project steps? We commonly leave optimizing the environment until after we’ve migrated to the cloud.
- Bulk copy protocol or other archaic processes This also leaves the project open to failure. 90% of the cloud projects I’ve been on, including those for Oracle suffered issues with getting data to the cloud. Amazon is now using a truck to get your data to their data center. Kind of odd, isn’t it?
- The cost looks small when we see it from a monthly perspective, but anyone who thinks they’re going to the cloud to save money, may be leaving themselves open for quite the surprise.
- Standard backup and recovery methods Replication Cloning, SSIS Packages to push data to Azure Continual feed to keep up to date or refresh on regular basis, via archaic tools- bcp, log shipping or paid replication tools.
- How many of you have moved dev and test to the cloud? How many moved cloud or moved it first?? If you moved it, would you consider keeping processing the same? How can the cost structure impact you?
- What all has to be moved? What issues are you going to run into? Optimize first? Why?
- This is for Azure migrations- the requirements
- And if you choose wrong or use more resources than expected, you can experience severe performance issues. What resources are you really using? DBAs know, but do the developers and other stakeholders in the cloud migration project? Network is the new bottleneck. IO is the second and with how pricing is done in the cloud, compute and storage doesn’t often consider IO or network issues.
- Shannon-Hartley Theorem. The equation relates to the maximum capacity (transmission bit rate) that can be achieved over a given channel with certain noise characteristics and bandwidth. A given communication, (or data) system has a maximum rate of information C known as the channel capacity If the transmission information rate R is less than C, then the data transmission in the presence of noise can be made to happen with arbitrarily small error probabilities by using intelligent coding techniques To get lower error probabilities, the encoder has to work on longer blocks of signal data. This entails longer delays and higher computational requirements In layman’s terms- the data is only going to go as fast as it can do so without hitting a error threshold.
- Once final tests are done- you are testing. Perform final migration, final sync to prod and downtime to switch from on-prem to cloud.
- With virtualization, we virtualize it all- the database, data sources, application and flat files. We containerize it into a Data Pod
- By doing so, it’s easier to life and shift to the cloud. It’s lighter and we can move 20 + environments in the same space as one.
- By going to a single source, loading to a single source and maintaining a single source, a smaller footprint is attained. Cost savings in the way of less storage required results in even bigger savings. The data in the golden source is also compressed and deduped, so less data in flight even from it!
- Different cloud manufacturers have different pricing structures- verify what you are being charged for and make sure those costs aren’t in contrast with your environment. Many avoid RDS on Amazon- we don’t support it. For our Oracle customers, too limited.
- Before you start, tune SQL instead of after. Use network tools like Nagios network analyzer or. Solarwinds Network Performance Monitor, (NPM) Your performance data can assist you in identifying huge IO, CPU and remote resource work that should be minimized beforehand.
- Data in flight can cost you and data processing that was normal on-prem, may need to be redesigned post cloud migration. Inspect pricing small print carefully and know you’re final decision on *what* choice in cloud and type of service will determine. Encryption is important for production. SQL 2016 dynamic data masking isn’t production ready- three steps and I had ‘un-masked data!
- Or does it shift the problem toward authentication and authorization?
- Anyone who felt the pain for Target, this is a great example, as it was a non-prod environment accessed via a vendor and customer data was violated.
- Same as before, we are virtualizing everything, the app, the database, the data sources, etc. We can then, after it’s virtualized, add a secondary Delphix engine just for masking. Masking is resource intensive, so for many of our customers, who have enterprise level environments, we let it do the work. We Then mask the flat files, big data source and database data that you set up.
- Going to the cloud, we mask the data before it ever goes to the cloud. Again, put a delphix engine onprem, masking engine on prem, mask everything and then push it to the delphix engine in the cloud that then grants great performance out there.
- So this is the end product