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Ch 3 Measurement and Density
Types of Observations and Measurements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is Scientific Notation? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Scientific notation consists of two parts: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
To change standard form to scientific notation… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
To change scientific notation to standard form… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4.05789 X 10 5 3.872 X 10 -3 3 X 10 9 2 X 10 0 4.78260 X 10 -1
Accuracy Vs. Precision ,[object Object],[object Object]
Three targets with three arrows each to shoot. Can you hit the bull's-eye? Both accurate and precise Precise but not accurate Neither accurate nor precise How do they compare? Can you define accuracy and precision?
Let’s use a golf anaolgy
Accurate? No Precise? Yes 10
Accurate? Yes Precise? Yes 12
Precise? No Accurate? Maybe? 13
Accurate? Yes Precise? We cant say! 18
Accurate? Yes Precise? We cant say! 18
Accurate? Yes Precise? We cant say! 18
Accuracy Precision Resolution subsequent samples time offset [arbitrary units] not accurate, not precise accurate, not precise not accurate, precise accurate and precise accurate, low resolution -2 -3 -1 0 1 2 3
In terms of measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Significant Figures ,[object Object],[object Object]
Counting Significant Figures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3 5
Leading Zeros ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2 3
Sandwiched Zeros ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3 3
Trailing Zeros ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3 5
Learning Check   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Learning Check
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Learning Check
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Meter, m Kilogram, kg Seconds, s Celsius degrees, ˚C kelvins, K Liter, L
Mass vs. Weight ,[object Object],[object Object],Can you hear me now?
Some Tools for Measurement Which tool(s) would you use to measure: A.  temperature B.  volume C.  time D.  weight
Solution   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],M L M V
Learning Check   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Metric Prefixes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Metric Prefixes
Metric Prefixes
Units of Length ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],O—H distance = 9.4 x 10 -11  m 9.4 x 10 -9  cm 0.094 nm
Learning Check   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Equalities   ,[object Object],length 10.0 in. 25.4 cm
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Learning Check
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Learning Check
Instruments for Measuring Volume Graduated cylinder Syringe Volumetric  flask Buret Pipet
Units of Measuring Volume 1 L  =  1000 mL 1 qt  =  946 mL Timberlake,  Chemistry  7 th  Edition, page 3
Reading a Meniscus
Units for Measuring Mass 1 kg  =  2.20 lb Timberlake,  Chemistry  7 th  Edition, page 3
Quantities of Mass Kelter, Carr, Scott,  Chemistry A Wolrd of Choices  1999, page 25 Earth’s atmosphere  to 2500 km Ocean liner Indian elephant Average human 1.0 liter of water Grain of table salt Typical protein Uranium atom Water molecule 10 24  g 10 21  g 10 18  g 10 15  g 10 12  g 10 9   g 10 6  g 10 3  g 10 0  g 10 -3  g 10 -6  g 10 -9  g 10 -12  g 10 -15  g 10 -18  g 10 -21  g 10 -24  g Giga-   Mega- Kilo- base milli- micro- nano- pico- femto- atomo-
DENSITY  - an important and useful physical property 13.6 g/cm 3 21.5 g/cm 3 2.7 g/cm 3 Mercury Aluminum Platinum
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DENSITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Styrofoam Brick
PROBLEM:  Mercury (Hg) has a density of 13.6 g/cm 3 .  What is the mass of 95 mL of Hg in grams?  In pounds? Solve the problem using   DIMENSIONAL  ANALYSIS.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PROBLEM:  Mercury (Hg) has a density of 13.6 g/cm 3 .  What is the mass of 95 mL of Hg? First, note that   1 cm 3   =  1 mL
[object Object],PROBLEM:  Mercury (Hg) has a density of 13.6 g/cm 3 .  What is the mass of 95 mL of Hg? 2. Convert mass (g) to mass (lb)
Learning Check ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Volume Displacement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],K K W W W V V V K
Solution   ,[object Object],[object Object],K W V
Learning Check   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check ,[object Object],[object Object]
Temperature Scales ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Anders Celsius 1701-1744 Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) 1824-1907
Temperature Scales Notice that  1 kelvin = 1 degree Celsius Boiling point of water Freezing point of water Celsius Kelvin Fahrenheit 100 ˚C 0 ˚C 100˚C 373 K 273 K 100 K 32 ˚F 212 ˚F 180˚F
Calculations Using Temperature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fahrenheit Formula – Honors Only ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Celsius Formula – Honors Only ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Temperature Conversions – Honors Only ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check – Honors Only   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Check – Honors Only   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solution   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Ch 3 Measurement And Density

  • 1. Ch 3 Measurement and Density
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  • 11. Three targets with three arrows each to shoot. Can you hit the bull's-eye? Both accurate and precise Precise but not accurate Neither accurate nor precise How do they compare? Can you define accuracy and precision?
  • 12. Let’s use a golf anaolgy
  • 16. Accurate? Yes Precise? We cant say! 18
  • 17. Accurate? Yes Precise? We cant say! 18
  • 18. Accurate? Yes Precise? We cant say! 18
  • 19. Accuracy Precision Resolution subsequent samples time offset [arbitrary units] not accurate, not precise accurate, not precise not accurate, precise accurate and precise accurate, low resolution -2 -3 -1 0 1 2 3
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  • 34. Some Tools for Measurement Which tool(s) would you use to measure: A. temperature B. volume C. time D. weight
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  • 48. Instruments for Measuring Volume Graduated cylinder Syringe Volumetric flask Buret Pipet
  • 49. Units of Measuring Volume 1 L = 1000 mL 1 qt = 946 mL Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 3
  • 51. Units for Measuring Mass 1 kg = 2.20 lb Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 3
  • 52. Quantities of Mass Kelter, Carr, Scott, Chemistry A Wolrd of Choices 1999, page 25 Earth’s atmosphere to 2500 km Ocean liner Indian elephant Average human 1.0 liter of water Grain of table salt Typical protein Uranium atom Water molecule 10 24 g 10 21 g 10 18 g 10 15 g 10 12 g 10 9 g 10 6 g 10 3 g 10 0 g 10 -3 g 10 -6 g 10 -9 g 10 -12 g 10 -15 g 10 -18 g 10 -21 g 10 -24 g Giga- Mega- Kilo- base milli- micro- nano- pico- femto- atomo-
  • 53. DENSITY - an important and useful physical property 13.6 g/cm 3 21.5 g/cm 3 2.7 g/cm 3 Mercury Aluminum Platinum
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  • 57. PROBLEM: Mercury (Hg) has a density of 13.6 g/cm 3 . What is the mass of 95 mL of Hg in grams? In pounds? Solve the problem using DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS.
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  • 69. Temperature Scales Notice that 1 kelvin = 1 degree Celsius Boiling point of water Freezing point of water Celsius Kelvin Fahrenheit 100 ˚C 0 ˚C 100˚C 373 K 273 K 100 K 32 ˚F 212 ˚F 180˚F
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