Technosoft modeling and simulation 2006 03-27 from craig

AMRAVEN
Modeling and Simulation Framework
for
Rapid Air Vehicle Engineering

TECHNOSOFT
Adel Chemaly
11180 Reed Hartman Hwy. CINCINNATI, OH 45242
Adel.chemaly@technosoft.com (513) 985-9877 Fax: (513) 985-0522

1992-2005 Copyright TechnoSoft Inc. 11180 Reed Hartman Highway Cincinnati, OH 45242 www.technosoft.com This document contains TechnoSoft proprietary, competition
sensitive, or trade secret information or data. Use, duplication, distribution, or dissemination of this information - in whole or in part - must be approved in writing by TechnoSoft Inc.

The Company

• TechnoSoft Inc., founded in 1992, is a leading provider of
object-oriented KBE software for Product/Process
Design, Automation, and Simulation
• The TechnoSoft Adaptive Modeling Language, AML, is
the foundation of many commercial and defense
applications in aerospace, automotive, marine, and
industrial equipment companies

1992-2005 Copyright TechnoSoft Inc. 11180 Reed Hartman Highway Cincinnati, OH 45242 www.technosoft.com.

The AML Framework Products Suite

• AML, an Object Oriented development environment for
automating product and process design, analysis, and
knowledge management
• TIE (Tool Integration Environment), an AML-based visual
development environment for modeling, legacy tools
integration, and process automation
• AMOpt, an AML-based visual environment for design
exploration, uncertainty analysis, and optimization
• AMEnterprise, a product and process data and workflow
management environment


Engineering Knowledge
Domain knowledge Mold Design

– Knowledge related to the product and process • Tooling Design/ Config.
• Fixtures
design as used within the various disciplines • Tooling Analysis
•Tooling cut program
Application knowledge Cost Modeling

– Knowledge related to the use of the various • Activity-based
• Cost-estimating rules
engineering tools as applied to the product and • Stochastic/event-based
process design Process Design

• Operation Sequence
• Operation parameters
Product Design • Intermediate Prod. Models
•Forming Simulations
Structural Analysis • CAD Model
• Operation Conditions
CFD Simulation • Shape optimization • Finish
• Aero Analysis • Load analysis • Design Standards
• Thermal Analysis • Impact analysis •Details and Docs
• Aero-Structure Interaction


Adaptive Modeling Language

• Geometry-centric environment with support for product
and process design automation at the
concept, preliminary, and detailed stages
• Multiphysics, multifidelity, generative modeling and
analysis process automation support
• Cross-platform, distributed computing capabilities
• Includes a rich suite of customizable classes for plug-
and-play definition of:
user interfaces non-manifold geometryparametric meshes
multi-physics analysis legacy code integration optimization
mathematical models cost models requirements mgmt
detailed drawings manufacturing plans operations models
visualizations collaboration workflow mgmt
generative modeling IGES/STEP/XML I/O test data correlation


AIR Vehicle Engineering Cycles
Multi-disciplinary, multi-fidelity, evolution Process

Mission
Specifications
Conceptual
System Model
Preliminary
Subsystem
Model
Components Detailed
Model
Metrics, Cost
GOALS Performance
Rapid Modeling & Synthesis
Support Integrated Disciplines & Collaboration
Design Exploration and Optimization


AMRAVEN
Modeling and Simulation Framework
AMRAVEN is a geometry centric engineering framework with a
generative and multidisciplinary modeling and analysis
environment supporting air vehicle synthesis.
AMRAVEN supports process design automation and integrates
design exploration and optimization across multiple
disciplines.


AMRAVEN Framework Architecture

Built on an underlying object oriented and modular
architecture, the AMRAVEN framework integrates and
automates the design and analysis processes supporting
the various disciplines’ modeling requirements as well as
different levels of modeling fidelities.


AMRAVEN Integrated Design and Analysis Modules

• Feature-based 3D geometric modeling environment
– OML and substructure layout and configuration
– Major subsystem layout and packaging
• 3D Parametric meshing
• Integrated low and high fidelity analyses and simulations
– Aerodynamics Analysis (CFD, Panel, Empirical)
– Structural Analysis and Sizing
– Thermal Analysis
– Propulsion Analysis
– …
• Weights Computation
• Trajectory Optimization and Vehicle Closure
• Operation Modeling and discrete event simulation
• Cost modeling
• Design exploration, optimization, and uncertainty analysis

Engineering Process Matrix

Geometric
Modeling

Aero-
dynamics

Propulsion
Analysis

Trajectory
Simulation

Aerothermo-
Dynamics /
TPS

Mass
Properties

Structural /
Subsystem
Design

S&C / GNC

Operations
&
Maintenance

Cost
Modeling


AMRAVEN Underlying Modeling Language
AML (Adaptive Modeling Language) is the foundation of the
framework architecture
• COTS product offered by TechnoSoft
• Object Oriented Modeling supporting
• Knowledge based engineering
• Integrated product and process
• Dependency tracking & demand driven computation
• Rule based design & generative Geometric Modeling
• Distributed Computing
• Optimization, trade studies, and uncertainty analysis
• Portable and Scalable architecture (AIX, HP, SGI, Sun, PC)
• Multi-user collaborative environment
• Workflow management
• Product and Process Data Management
• Extended existing suite of “engineering” classes

AMRAVEN Framework Engineering Applicability

The framework modular architecture supports generative
modeling and analysis technologies applicable toward a
broad spectrum of engineering disciplines as well as
vehicle designs and missions.


Mutli-Disciplinary/Multi-Fidelity
Engineering Modeling Environment
The framework environment supports design evolution
transitioning a design from concept to details through
different levels of modeling fidelities.
The environment employs a Common Computational
Model enabling plug and play of various tools as well as
mixing the level of modeling fidelity across disciplines.
Geometry Operations Modeling

FEM / Meshing Manufacturing

CCM
Structural Analysis Drawings / BOM

CFD / Thermal / Aero Cost Modeling


Common Computational Model

• Links Conceptual, Preliminary, & Structural Sizing
Detailed Models
CFD Analysis
• Manages data among distributed users
Thermal Analysis
and applications
• Provides design exploration through Mesh
Geometry
integrated optimizations algorithms and Common
uncertainty analysis methods Computational
Model
• Dynamically manages forward and
weights
backward dependencies across models Cost

and users trajectory
• Supports demand driven computation
Structure Analysis
• Supports concurrent multi users and
distributed computing

AML’s Modular Architecture
Finite Octree
Analysis Delaunay Tooling Design
Solvers Advancing Front Manufacturing

Virtual Interface Virtual Interface Virtual Interface

Methods Methods Methods

Properties Properties Properties
FEA/CFD Mesh Manufacturing
CAD Objects PDM
AML
Systems Geometry Graphics User Interface DB

Properties Properties Properties

Methods Methods Methods

Virtual Interface Virtual Interface Virtual Interface

SHAPES HOOPS Motif
ACIS Open GL MS Windows
PARASOLID JAVA
Virtual Layered and Portable Architecture Seamlessly
integrating Underlying Software


Framework Tool Integration Environment
TIE
• Rapidly integrate and
link multi-disciplinary File I/O Programs CAD Optimization Algorithms
in-house tools and Spreadsheets DLLs Legacy Codes
COTS applications
RXM on UNIX
RXM on Windows®
• Automate design and
analysis processes

• User-friendly graphical DMM
interface
TIE on
• Distributed modeling RXM on Windows®
and computation LSF® Cluster
TIE on TIE on
Windows®
• Design exploration Windows®

and optimization

• Geometry modeling


Framework Design Exploration Environment

• Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm
• Design of Experiments (DOE)
• Gradient-based optimization
• Simplex-based optimization
• Monte Carlo stochastic simulation
• DOT by VanderPlaats
• NPSOL by Stanford
• SNopt by Stanford
• Easy plug-in of 3rd party or custom algorithms


Framework Workflow and
Product / Process Data Management
AMCentral
AMPublish
Web services-based repository for product and process data management
AMViewsbased export facility to publish models from the AMCentral
XML
repository
XML-based browsing and inspection tool for product and process models
AMLink
Workflow automation engine to support the process flow execution of
the integrated product and process models

weights.xls

source.aml

AMLink
Web Services Interface
AMViews
model-1.mdl

model-1.xml

model-1.xgl AML/TIE
Client/Web App.
cad-model.prt
AMPublish

fea-results.txt

AMViews Repository

Distributed AMCentral Distributed
Users Tools

Collaboration with Labs and Industry

In collaboration with NASA and AFRL and in partnership
with aero industry, this framework’s architecture has
already been successfully deployed in key research and
vehicle programs.

LOCKHEED MARTIN

TECHNO SOFT

Leveraged Programs

1992 …1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
TechnoSoft AML
Lockheed Martin, TechnoSoft IMD
AFRL, Lockheed Martin, TechnoSoft WDE
AFRL, Lockheed Martin, Boeing, TechnoSoft SHVD/RMLS/IPAT
AFRL, Lockheed Martin, MSC, TechnoSoft SBAAT
NASA LaRC, TechnoSoft
CoHAVE
AFRL, TechnoSoft UGE
AFRL, Boeing, TechnoSoft ECSC


Scenario Based
Affordability Analysis Tool
High Fidelity Physics

Nonlinear Aerodynamics

Mission Simulation
Combat Effectiveness /
Smart Product Model Airframe Cost
- Geometry & analysis models Ratio
associative
FEM & Flight Loads - Environment to operate with
COTS & LM Aero
production tools
- System level assessments
extract data from analysis
models via smart product
model
Structural Sizing
Airframe Modeling & Simulation


Reusable Military Launch System
MISSION
Assess capability and technology needs for future
strike and space access vehicle concepts.
Members
Air Force Research Laboratory
– Air Vehicles Directorate (VAS, VAA, VAC)
– Propulsion Directorate (PRST)
Aeronautical Systems Center
– Engineering Directorate (ENFD)
TechnoSoft, Inc.
Supporting Organizations
– AFRL Materials & Manufacturing Directorate
– AFRL Space Vehicles Directorate
– NASA Glenn Research Center
– NASA Langley Research Center


Interactive Missile Design

Propulsion Finite Element Analysis Aerothermal Controls Analysis Aerodynamics
Analysis

Web Based / Real Time / Collaborative / Common Architecture - AML

Geometry Engine Multi-Disciplinary Optimization Lethality Analysis Cost Modeling Trajectory Simulations


AMRAVEN Framework Modules


Conceptual Design Environment
Mission Profile
Identify segments (Takeoff, Climb, Cruise etc)
Determine Fuel Fraction per segment, and overall mission fuel fraction

Take-off and Empty Weight Calculation
Payload, Crew, Used and Unused Fuel Fractions
Determine Take-off and Empty weights

Sensitivity Studies
Determine which parameters drive the
design
Determine if assumptions on certain
parameters are valid

Drag Polar
Parabolic drag polar at different conditions
– Takeoff with Gear Up and Gear Down


Conceptual Design Environment (cont)
Performance Sizing
Sizing to FAR25, FAR23, Military Requirements

Preliminary sizing of wings, stabilizers

Initial fuselage and structural layout

Maximum Lift Coefficients
For lifting & control surfaces, including flap sizing

Sizing Iteration and Reconfiguration

Drag Calculations
Fuselage, Lifting and Control surfaces, Nacelles, Stores, etc.

Drag Distribution

Moments, Aerodynamic Centers

Power and Ground effects on Airplane Lift and Pitching Moment

Preliminary Design Environment
• OML
– Pods
– Packaging
– Wings
– Control Surfaces
– …
• Substructures
– Bulkheads, Frames
– Spars, Ribs
– Wall, Floors
– Longerons
– Stiffeners
– …
• Subsystems Packaging


Substructure layout & Configuration Optimization

Configuration and layout 3D model generation

Alternative layout 3D model Alternative layout 3D model

Substructure layout and Configuration (cont)
Fuselage structural layout

Datum Planes Layout Datum Planes Layout


Tanks Layout and Design


Vehicle systems Packaging and integration


Aerodynamics Analysis Environment
• Various levels of aero calculations are
supported
– Empirical methods
– Panel based methods
– CFD
• Aero Calculations
– Fuselage, Lifting, and Control Surfaces
– Nacelle, Stores, Pylons, Nozzles, Inlets, Gears, …
• Aero table data throughout the trajectories are
managed including:
– Aerodynamic Centers, Moments, Power and
Ground Effects on Airplane Lift and Pitching
Moment.


Aerodynamics Analysis Environment (cont)

Aero Panels Model Normal Forces Visualization

Temperature Visualization Pressure Visualization

Multi-disciplinary Multi-fidelity Adaptive Modeling


Structural Analysis Modeling Environment

• Fully automated FEM based structural analysis
• Coupled Aero Structure analysis
• Structural sizing


Structural Analysis Modeling Environment (cont)


Structural Analysis Modeling Environment (cont)
Integrated Structures


Weights Modeling & Management Environment
Weights .......................................... 32086.550 (203.995 0.331 -4.735)
Margin 513.001 (211.016 -0.067 1.583)
Fuselage ....................................... 3365.862 (211.016 -0.067 1.583)
Oml ......................................... 2008.694 (211.584 -0.067 1.291)
Tps .......................................... 780.573 (211.578 -0.067 3.817)
Substructure ................................. 576.595 (208.274 -0.068 -0.424)
Bulkheads ................................. 229.501 (209.390 -0.068 0.315)
Webs ...................................... 347.094 (207.536 -0.068 -0.912)
Floors ...................................... 0.000 (0.000 0.000 0.000)
Control-Surfaces ............................... 1764.145 (305.388 -0.000 8.293)
Oml ......................................... 1580.308 (307.236 -0.000 8.665)
Wings-Sections ........................... 1170.790 (313.508 -0.000 5.355)
Canards-Sections ........................... 83.221 (82.875 0.000 0.000)
Tails-Sections ............................ 326.297 (341.956 -0.000 22.754)
Tps ............................................ 0.000 (0.000 0.000 0.000)
Wings-Sections .............................. 0.000 (0.000 0.000 0.000)
Canards-Sections ............................ 0.000 (0.000 0.000 0.000)
Tails-Sections .............................. 0.000 (0.000 0.000 0.000)
Substructures ................................ 183.837 (289.500 -0.000 5.095)
Wings-Substructures ....................... 174.925 (300.236 -0.000 5.355)
Tanks ......................................... 19359.302 (188.644 -0.068 -0.754)
Subsystems ..................................... 1596.000 (199.655 6.977 -7.857)
Fuel-Systems 642.000 (213.769 0.000 -20.000)
Helium-Tank 40.000 (213.769 0.000 0.000)
Avionics-Module 150.000 (213.769 -24.000 0.000)
Electrical-Power 614.000 (213.769 24.000 0.000)
Instrumentation 150.000 (63.588 0.000 2.000)
Engine ......................................... 4876.303 (229.067 0.000 -27.215)
Flowpath .................................... 3532.303 (226.042 0.000 -26.830)
Side-Walls ................................ 455.067 (239.197 0.000 -27.636)
Splitter-Walls ............................ 441.538 (244.274 -0.000 -28.134)
solator-Struts ........................... 169.430 (204.314 0.000 -28.825)
Upper-Wall ............................... 1373.868 (218.034 -0.000 -20.719)
Cowl ..................................... 1092.399 (226.635 -0.000 -33.345)
Wall ................................... 860.219 (228.195 0.000 -33.092)
Subsystems .................................. 1344.000 (237.016 0.000 -28.226)
Landing-Gear .................................... 611.938 (164.358 1.715 -21.022)
Nose-Gear 174.950 (32.568 6.000 -19.981)
Main-Gear1 218.494 (217.120 54.439 -21.438)
Main-Gear2 218.494 (217.120 -54.439 -21.438)

Propulsion Analysis Environment

• Integrated suite of engines with
their characteristics and engine
decks to support trajectory
optimization and vehicle
closure
• Support Liquid, Solid and Air-
breather engine analysis
• Support integrated
geometry, aerodynamics, and
propulsion analysis

Inlet, Engine, Nozzle, Profile Components

Thrust Propulsion Analysis Environment (cont)

Thrust
Specific Impulse (ISP) Specific Impulse (ISP)


Trajectory Analysis Environment

Trajectory planning and optimizations is supported through
the integration of aerodynamics, propulsion, and weights
for ascent and descent.

Dynamic Pressure
Altitude

Weight Consumed Time

Downrange
Mach

Time Time

Technology Drivers
The framework capitalizes on the underlying object oriented
architecture leveraging the built in modeling and computing
technology focused on the geometry centric environment.
The framework has been deployed successfully in generative
modeling for knowledge based engineering in various
industry, aerospace, automotive, capital equipment, etc.


Proven Technology


TECHNO SOFT INC.

Object Oriented Framework
for
Product and Process
Modeling, Automation, Integration,
and
Knowledge-Based Engineering


The Company

TechnoSoft Inc., founded in 1992, is a leading provider of object-
oriented KBE software for Product/Process Design, Automation, and
Simulation
The TechnoSoft Adaptive Modeling Language, AML, is the foundation of
many commercial and defense applications in
aerospace, automotive, marine, and industrial equipment companies
TechnoSoft headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio, and offices in
Mexico, Europe, and China


Product Engineering Cycles
Multi-disciplinary, multi-fidelity, evolution Process
Product
Specifications

Conceptual
System Model

Subsystem Preliminary
Model
Component Detailed
Model

Metrics, Cost
GOALS Performance
• Rapid Product and Process Modeling & Synthesis
• Support Integrated Disciplines & Collaboration
• Facilitate Predictive Engineering for Design exploration

Objectives
Capture the representation of knowledge as applied
towards the product and processes integration.
Enable the reuse of information and strategies within a
specific domain knowledge to assist in the generative
product and process design.
Facilitate real-time collaboration among the various
disciplines and participants supporting concurrent and
generative engineering.
Integrate the product and process through the use of
knowledge-based systems facilitating simulation and
predictive engineering.


The AML Framework Products Suite

AML, an Object Oriented development environment for automating
product and process design, analysis, and knowledge management
TIE (Tool Integration Environment), an AML-based visual development
environment for modeling, legacy tools integration, and process
automation
AMOpt, an AML-based visual environment for design
exploration, uncertainty analysis, and optimization
AMEnterprise, a product and process data and workflow management
environment


Adaptive Modeling Language

Geometry-centric environment with support for product and process
design automation at the concept, preliminary, and detailed stages
Multiphysics, multifidelity, generative modeling and analysis process
automation support
Cross-platform, distributed computing capabilities
Includes a rich suite of customizable classes for plug-and-play
definition of:
user interfaces non-manifold geometryparametric meshes
multi-physics analysis legacy code integration optimization
mathematical models cost models requirements mgmt
detailed drawings manufacturing plans operations models
visualizations collaboration workflow mgmt
generative modeling IGES/STEP/XML I/O test data correlation


TIE
Tool Integration Environment

Collaboration

Engineering CAD Models Cost Models
Models
Physics-
Office Based
Tools
TIE Analyses
File I/O
Programs In-House
PDM / PLM
Codes
Spreadsheets
Reporting

Math
Modelers
$$
CAD Models DLL Cost Models
Subroutines


TIE TIE
Tool Integration Environment

Rapidly integrate and link File I/O Programs CAD Optimization Algorithms
multi-disciplinary in-house
tools and COTS applications Spreadsheets DLLs Legacy Codes

Automate design and analysis RXM on Windows® RXM on UNIX
processes

Provide customizable graphical
user interface
DMM
Support distributed modeling
and computing
TIE on
RXM on Windows®
Perform trade studies, design LSF® Cluster
exploration, and optimization TIE on TIE on
Windows®
Windows®
Support geometry modeling
and rule based design


AMOpt
Trade Study and Design Exploration Environment

Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm
Design of Experiments (DOE)
Gradient-based optimization
Simplex-based optimization
Monte Carlo stochastic simulation
Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
DOT by VanderPlaats
NPSOL by Stanford
SNOPT by Stanford
Easily plug-in 3rd party/custom algorithms


AMEnterprise
Workflow and Product / Process Data Management

AMCentral Central repository for product/process data management
AMPublish XML based export/publishing facility
AMViews XML-based Viewer for product and process models
AMLink Workflow automation engine to support the process flow
execution of integrated product and process models

weights.xls

source.aml

AMLink
Web Services Interface
AMViews
model-1.mdl

model-1.xml

model-1.xgl AML/TIE
Client/Web App.
cad-model.prt
AMPublish

fea-results.txt

AMViews Repository

Distributed AMCentral Distributed
Users Tools

The Framework Impacts and Benefits
Product Design
– Reduce design process time by 80-90% relative to CAD/CAM/CAE approach
Process Simulation
– Direct integration of process models and simulation to eliminate rework
Design Exploration
– Enable exploration of design alternatives improving performance and reducing time
and cost
Standardization
– Enforce existing engineering standards
Collaboration
– Enable communication of product and process information across the enterprise
Reuse
– Capitalize on domain knowledge as well as sharing such knowledge across the
various design teams and partnering organizations


AML Based Applications
In the Industry


JSF CAD/C MAP
Computer Aided Design with Cost - Manufacturing Analysis Package

Part
Visualization
LM JSF Tool of Choice for
assembly span analysis and
Tooling
labor hour assessment Visualization

Integrate design geometry, tooling
geometry, product data, and Manufacturing
industrial engineering standards Planning

Support design & manufacturing Assembly Flow
decisions Sequence

Distributed to Multiple JSF Team
Companies Summary
– Northrop Grumman Results
– BAE Systems
Workstations Flow


Integrated Gimbal Design

Opto-Mech

Bearings

Optics

CAD+FEM

Dynamics

Servo-Cntrl.

ElectroOptic


Interactive Missile Design
Air Frame OML Layout

Int/Ext Components
and Packaging

Solid, Liquid and Air
Breathing Propulsion

Mass Properties

Aerodynamics:
DATCOM, or
experimental data

Trajectory Simulation
(3 & 6 DOF)

Body Bending Modes

Cost

Signal and Wiring Schematics
Management of signal/wire data and creation of schematic diagrams
Handles multiple systems. Inputs data is signal or wire connectivity
• Connections between equipments can be generated from signal or multi-
Generation of several different types of output
segments wire data
• Connectivity diagrams all sheets which contain specific Connectivity and
Harness indicating drawing harnesses within systems with
Reports sheets showing
• Signaldiagrams drawings
block and Wiring and wires
equipment, signals,
• Equipment drawings showing all connections to equipment with references
to signal and wire ids and drawing sheets


Scenario Based
Structural Configuration and Sizing
High Fidelity Physics

Nonlinear Aerodynamics

Mission Simulation
Combat Effectiveness /
Smart Product Model Airframe Cost
- Geometry & analysis models Ratio
associative
FEM & Flight Loads - Environment to operate with
COTS & LM Aero
production tools
- System level assessments
extract data from analysis
models via smart product
model
Structural Sizing
Airframe Modeling & Simulation


Reusable Military Launch System
MISSION
Assess capability and technology needs for
future strike and space access vehicle
concepts.

MEMBERS
Air Force Research Laboratory
– Air Vehicles Directorate
(VAS, VAA, VAC)
– Propulsion Directorate (PRST)
Aeronautical Systems Center
– Engineering Directorate (ENFD)
TechnoSoft, Inc.
Supporting Organizations
– AFRL Materials & Manufacturing
Directorate
– AFRL Space Vehicles Directorate
– NASA Glenn Research Center
– NASA Langley Research Center

Space Access Vehicles


Composite Design & Fabrication Planning


Combustion Engine Analysis


Vehicle Concepts
Frame Structural Design & Analysis


CV Boot Design Optimization


Plant Design, Analysis & Configuration


Glass Containers Mold Design & Configuration


Blade Engineering


Emission System Configuration


Signal and Wiring Schematics
Signal Diagram

Equipment Connectivity Wiring Diagram


Air Vehicle Preliminary
Production Planning for Cost Modeling


Industrial Equipment Configuration & Design


Offshore Oil Platform Structural Design & Piping
Layout


TECHNO SOFT INC.

Demonstrations
• Model Centric Simulation and Workflow Mgmt
• Process Integration
• Optimization
• Ops Modeling and Discrete Event Simulations

AMRAVEN
Air Vehicle Analysis Modeling and Analysis

OML Design, Configuration, and Substructure Layout
Coupled Aero and Structure analysis
Optimization and Process Data Management


TIE Integration:
Geometry Modeling, Aerodynamics and Spreadsheets

1. Generate Datcom Input File: Flight Conditions from Excel
2. Generate Datcom Input File: Geometry Data from Solid Model
3. Execute Datcom Program
4. Parse Datcom Results and Generate Excel Plots and Report


Rib/Spar Attachment & Bolt Pattern Optimization

Sample Initial Configuration

Rib Web

9-bolt initial pattern
Rib/Spar Attachment (Non-optimized)

Optimized Configuration


Rib/Spar Attachment & Bolt Pattern Optimization
Model
Input Properties:
• Maximum allowable total load
• Rib Web Profile

Properties Derived from Tables:
• Load per bolt
• Min. Edge Clearance
• Min. Bolt to Bolt Clearance

Calculated Properties:
Number of bolts

Optimization (Gradient-Based)

Design Variables:
X and Y Position of each Bolt

Constraints:
• Min. Edge Clearance (a): The center of every
bolt must be positioned at a distance >= a from
the joint surface edge.
• Min. Bolt to Bolt Clearance (b): The center of
every bolt must be positioned at a distance >= b
from the center of every other bolt

Objective:
Minimize the length of the joint surface.


Operation Modeling and Discrete Event Simulaions
Model
– Operations
– Recourses
– Material
– Conditions
– Events

Sequence
Operations

Run Simulations

Monitor

Generate Reports


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