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1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING &
DESIGN BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
(HONOURS)
Lecturer: Dr.Kam Kenn Jhun
Date of Submission: 21st June 2017
B U I L D I N G S E R V I C E S 2
( B L D 6 0 5 0 3 )

3. Mechanical Ventilation & Air conditioning
- Invented by Willis Carrier in November 26, 1876 .
- Three types of air conditioning such Unitary System,
Package System and centralised system.
- Purposes of Air conditioning are to improve comfort
level, provide fresh air and improve air environment in
a room.

4. Applied centralised air
conditioning system.
Consists of More powerful compared with
unitary & package system
&
Not suitable for existing
building.
A I R C O N D I T I O N I N G S Y S T E M
in Klang Parade
cooling tower
Chiller
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Duct
diffuser & so on

5. C O O L I N G T O W E R
-Height of cooling tower : 3-3.5m height
-Usually located at top/roof floor.
-Prefabricated Machine ( several designs, shapes .)
-Act as a heat exchanger, hot water from condenser
will pass through cooling tower to reduce the
temperature of the water . (evaporation process)

6. C O M P O N E N T O F C O O L I N G T O W E R
Propeller Fan
Pump
Wet Deck Fill

7. C H I L L E R
-Water that passed through cooling tower will
transfer to chiller.
-Discharging heat or lower down temperature from
the water and turn it to chill water
-Instead of making water to ice,it produces chilled
water.
-Produce around 10 degree Celsius.

8. A I R H A N D L I N G U N I T
● An Air Handling Unit (AHU) is used to re-condition
and circulate air as part of a heating, ventilating and
air-conditioning system.
● Take in outside air, recondition it and supply it as
fresh air to a building.
● All exhaust air is removed, which creates an
acceptable indoor air quality.
● A device used to condition and circulate air
● Through air ducts and supply air grilles and air
diffusers

9. U N I T A R Y S Y S T E M
● A small self-contained electrical unit enclosing a
motor-driven refrigeration compressor, evaporative
cooling coil, air-cooled condenser, filters, fans, and
controls.
● Unitary system consists of two part, indoor and
outdoor
● Outdoor : compressor, condenser and expansion
valve
● Indoor : evaporator and cooling fan
● It cheap , required small place and easy to install

10. D I F F U S E R
● Common in shopping mall to maintain the internal comfort
● Install in ceiling
● multi-direction
● positive directional control of air discharge
● Blades are individually adjustable
● To ensure air distribution is effective

11. V E N T I L A T I O N F A N
● absorb the hot air and replace with cool air
● Discharge the polluted air
● prevent the occurrence of incomplete combustion

12. M E C H A N I C A L T R A N S P O R T A T I O N S Y S T E M
In Klang Parade

13. E S C A L A T O R

14. -only allow one movement of direction
S I N G L E E S C A L A T O R

15. CrissCross Spiral Escalator
-Allow the movement of one bearing
starting with one floor to next floor

16. M U L T I P L E - P A R R A L L E L E S C A L A T O R
- Can be easily found in mall
- It provide two way for passenger who wan to
going up or down

17. Spiral Escalator
-Not recommended for shopping center
-It take a high maintenance taken a toll because of
its design
-Can be found normally at the high end hotel

18. Multi-Level Parallel Stacked Escalators
(interrupted traffic)
- It is the escalator that being
widely using in shopping malls.
-It actually is a up and down
side by side escalator.

19. E L E C T R I C A L E L E V A T O R
in Klang Parade
-The emergency button and the intercom
microphone
-function can be easily communicate looking for
help when passenger trapped inside the lift
-Electrical motor of lift utilizes electric power
-always maintain the lift motor to avoid the problem

20. E L E C T R I C A L M O T O R
O F T H E L I F T
- It utilizes electric power of the lift
- It need a particular space for the hydraulic system
and the chamber itself
- It just use a single operation room to put it motor

21. Emergency Backup Power & The Control Panel
-When the power loss, it will automatically switch on the power
-Make sure that passenger safetly reach the ground floor and exit the lift
The Grease Indicator
-Lift should be re-oil each 8 month to 1 year
-It is important as it kept all the moving part of the motor grease up

22. F I R E P R O T E C T I O N S Y S T E M
In Klang Parade

23. ● A group of systems that require some amount
of action or motion in order to work efficiently
in the event of a fire.
● An action or motion is required for Active Fire
Protection (AFP) system to work efficiently in
the event of a fire.
● Active method require mechanical, electric or
electronic activation.
● It is the manual or automatic fire protection
systems.
A C T I V E F I R E P R O T E C T I O N

24. ● Water supply system provides the adequate
pressure and flowrate to a water distribution
piping system onto which water sprinklers are
connected.
● 2 Sprinkles distances between them must be at a
maximum distance at 4.6 meters.
● 3 Meters is the amount of distance required for 2
Sprinkles.
W A T E R S P R I N K L E R S Y S T E M

25. W A T E R T A N K
● Provide fire safety to supply water sprinkler and
other fire safety systems that requires water.
● Water tank is located in the basement in a fire
pump room
● The water in the water tank is reserved to be used
for fire emergencies only

26. W A T E R S T O R A G E
● Main water storage tank is located within the
building.
● There is no need for replenishment due to the
storage tanks for automatic sprinkler installation
where full capacity and it also will be exempted
from the restriction in their location.

27. P U M P
● Fire pump room consists a water tank that
supplies water to all the systems that requires
water
● Jockey Pump and Duty Pump
● Helps to pump water from the water tank to fire
safety system that requires water during
emergencies.

28. Jockey Pump
● Helps to pump water to the water sprinkler.
● If the water pressure is low, the jockey pump will initiate the
pumping process.
● The system will elevate to a specific level even if the system is not
functioning so the water will not run out.
● The pump will shut down when it is not in use.
● If the water pressure in the pipe goes lower than 35 PSI, the duty
pump will be in use as the water pressure allows it operate
smoothly.
● If the starter pump fails to work there is a standby pump to kick in
and help out.
● Jockey Pump and the Duty Pump operates by electricity whereas
the standby pump works by diesel.
Duty Pump

29. S M O K E D E T E C T O R
● Most common use for fire detection for fire
safety purposes.
● Smoke detector used in the mall is an
ionisation smoke detector.
● If there are smoke particles that enters the
chamber between the electrodes, normal
flow of electrons are interrupted hence
causing the alarm to activate.

30. ● Located at every floor, a certain distance to each fire
shutter should be placed.
● Reduce the spread of fire to other floors and to delay
enough time for customers to evacuate the building.
● Can be shut automatically or manually.
F I R E S H U T T E R

31. ● Will be activated automatically 5 minutes after any fire system is activated.
● It can also be triggered manually by breaking the break glass to alert others.
● Located throughout the mall so everyone else in the mall can hear it.
● There are 2 types of bell - Continuous Bell & Single Stroke bell
● Usually placed below the break glass
● Same function as a hose reel.
● Used to put out early stages of fire which can be operated by an average
person.
● It releases a cloud of carbon dioxide and smothers the fire.
● Gas makes the oxygen goes away and stops the chemical reaction.
F I R E D E T E C T I O N
F I R E E X T I N G U I S H E R S

32. ● Provided in every floors and some fire probable areas where it
distinguishes fire at an early stage
● Dry riser will provide water to the hose reel.
● It is commonly used while waiting for the firefighters to come and it’s
easy to manage one.
H O S E R E E L S Y S T E M

33. ● Categorising building with the help of using fire resistance rated wall
or floor.
● By categorising the in smaller parts it helps to delay the spread of
fire
● Helps to reduce the damage that will be caused by the fire and also
helps victims to escape from the building.
P A S S I V E F I R E P R O T E C T I O N S Y S T E M

34. ● It is a door specially designed to delay or prevent fire from
spreading to the other side of the building.
● Different types of door have different capability of preventing the
fire where some holds the fire longer and some shorter.
● It is for the safety of the customers
● Will lead to the outdoor where everyone can safely evacuate from
danger.
● The emergency route consists of material that can last from a fire
buy enough time for the customers to escape safely.
F I R E R A T E D D O O R
E M E R G E N C Y S T A I R C A S E

35. ● located at the ground floor of the building.
● Controls all the fire protective system.
● Can detect the fire emergency and send a signal and
inform the person in charge.
● provides information to the firefighter to know
where the fire started.
● Consist of fire safety control panel which indicate all
the fire safety system.
● The control panel consist of:
1. Break Glass
2. Flow Switch
3. Wet chemical discharge
F I R E C O N T R O L R O O M

36. E L E C T R I C A L P O W E R S U P P L Y S Y S T E M
In Klang Parade

37. ● Is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between circuits
through electromagnetic induction.
● The electric varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a
varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in the second coil.
● Power is transferred between the two coils through the magnetic field,
without a metallic connection between the two circuits.
● More than one transformer room in Klang Parade, each transformer room
control the electricity of different floor level of the mall.
T R A N S F O R M E R R O O M

38. ● Power Distribution is a system, consisting of a Main
Distribution Board, Sub Main Distribution Boards and Final
Distribution Boards
● Which the electrical energy is transmitted via branches to
reach the exact end user.
● In Klang Parade, all these distribution board are allocated in
a same room which called the voltage room.
V O L T A G E R O O M

39. ● Panel enclosure with the fuses,
circuit breakers and ground
leakage protection units.
M A I N D I S T R I B U T I O N B O A R D S ( D B )
● Used to transfer or distribute
electrical power to numerous
individual circuits or consumer
points were taken from
transformer.
● Has a single or multiple incoming
power sources and includes main
circuit breakers and residual
current or earth leakage
protection devices.

40. S U B - M A I N D I S T R I B U T I O N B O A R D S ( S M D B )
● The main distribution board also connected with sub-main distribution board
● Using a large distribution cable terminates and several smaller sub-circuits start.
● Switchboards are larger than the final distibution board circuit although they have the similar functions.
F I N A L D I S T R I B U T I O N B O A R D
● Final distribution boards are connected from sub-main distribution board which also feeds electrical
energy to the end user.

41. E M E R G E N C Y P O W E R S U P P L Y R O O M
● Located just right beside the voltage room which is at the
basement car park.
● Standby power system used is the energy generator.
● Supports important electrical systems on loss of normal power
supply.
● To protect life and property from the consequences of loss of
primary electric power supply.
● When power outage in the mall, the generator will activated
automatically or manually.
● The main emergency electrical supply are lift bomb, basement
parking, bomba piping room and frozen room.

42. A M P B O A R D
● Allocated in the same room as the generator also act as an
important role when emergency power outage happened.
● To control the voltage and amp from generator to the electric
appliances.
● For the safety purpose of using electric appliances during
emergency, over sufficient of power applied or transferred to an
electric may cause unfortunate accident such as, explosion, fire
accident due to electric leakage.

43. E M E R G E N C Y L I G H T I N G
( C E I L I N G M O U N T E D )
● Emergency lighting installed at most of the corners in the
malls.
● Does not require any electric power supply.
● It is a battery-backed lighting device that switches on
automatically when a building experiences a power outage.
● Ensure the safety of customers and workers in the mall when
emergencies happened to prevent unwanted accident from
happening.

44. Recommended Solution
In the mall from our findings there are not many fire extinguishers to be found and the
fire extinguishers are not renewed, fire extinguishers should be located one in every
few small distance apart.Fire usually evolves from small to big where fire extinguishers
are used to smother the fire when it is still small. Having inadequate amount of fire
extinguishers may result to a bigger fire if the fire is not put out. Time is crucial in
these situations.
Fire Protection System Problems
-Should have more fire extinguishers around the mall
- FIre extinguishers cant last forever, it should be renewed every 7 years.

45. Problem 2
AIR CONDITIONING
There are two types of air conditioning systems in this building which are
centralised air conditioning system and Unitary system. Basically there is no
problem for centralised system but the problem we encountered was about
unitary air conditioning system. The water is keep flowing out from
condenser. Instead of discharging the water to particular place, the water just
drop to the floor which look dirty and poor. So, the management just took a
empty bottle to fill in the water that flow out from the condenser which i
think is wrong instead of repairing it as you can see at the picture.
Recommended Solution
-repair the spoiled condenser
-buy a new set of unitary conditioning system

47. D e o n g K h a i K e a t 0 3 2 0 0 5 5
S i m S i K a i 0 3 1 8 6 0 9
L e e J i a K i a m 0 3 2 0 0 2 9
C h a n T i a n J i 0 3 2 0 8 3 1
N g o J i a H a u r 0 3 2 0 1 4 4
B o o n Y i C h u n g 0 3 1 8 3 0 0
T a n K e n R i c 0 3 1 8 6 3 1
C h a n W e i L u n 0 3 2 6 1 1 7