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Toyota Kata
and
Lean Product Development
Lean Product Development
Lean Product Development
Kimio Inagaki
Theme
2013

What isis Lean Product Development
What Lean Product Development

What isis Toyota Kata
What Toyota Kata

How can TK be applied to LPD
How can TK be applied to LPD

2014
History of Lean seen in Books

2003

2011

2007

1996

20 04

2012

2007

2007

201
3

2009
Lean Product Development
Fundamental Problem
Delay decision making

Don’t decide until
problems solved

Solve Problems Early
Solve Problems Fast
Solving Problems Early - When?

Conceptual
Design

Detailed design
Production Preparation
Problems to be Solved
Objective
Business
Business
Objective
Objective

Customer
Customer
Value
Value

Solve Problems by PDCA Cycles

Knowledge
Gap

Tech
Tech
Capability
Capability

Technical Capability

Success Assured
( Problems Solved )
構想設計で効率的に問題解決する方法
ポイントベース開
発
構想設計
問題発見

セットベース開
発
構想設計

問題解決

詳細設計
問題解決

詳細設計

問題解決
完了
Reasons for Point Based Design

Intolerance for Uncertainty

Acquired by Evolution
Knowledge Gap Analysis
Can we satisfy requirement?
Is there evidence?
Clarify what we don’t know
Finding that out is top priority
Basis of task management in
fuzzy front end

Ideas
Solution
Most Important Knowledge in Front End

•

Causal diagram

•

Tradeoff curve
Golf driver
Distance
回転数
回転数

ロフト
ロフト

仰角
仰角

Head wt

Distance
Distance

Club
Club
speed
speed

球速
球速
慣性モーメント
慣性モーメント

Foregiveness

エネルギー
エネルギー
移転
移転
Foregiveness
Foregiveness
打球
打球
方向
方向

Head wt
ヘッド軌跡
ヘッド軌跡

Head
Head
wt
wt
How to solve problems faster -1   
Create knowledge in small batch
Fast Learning Cycle
Our products are different, we have to
Our products are different, we have to
build the whole product to gain
build the whole product to gain
knowledge.
knowledge.

Look
Act

Discuss

LAMDA
Cycle

Ask ?

Model

Cheap and Fast Learning
The Wright Brother’s Creativity

They were creative because they didn't have money
Get Set Based Knowledge

•
•
•

Get knowledge fast and cheaply
Explore wide design space
Point to line to surface

Test cost

Tradeoff
Curve
Setup cost
Design parameter
How to solve problems faster -(2)   
Don’t solve problems
Reuse knowledge
of past problem solving

あらゆる知識をA3形式で共有
Obstacles to LPD introduction
Product development is stretched to limit

We don’t have time
LPD will delay projects

Fear of unknown
Resistance to change
Toyota Kata
Management Philosophy
•

Most companies
Make good product for customers

It’s not the strong but those who change that survive

•

Toyota
Survive long term by improving and evolving capabilities to make
products for customers
How can we adapt to change?

Few people
Sometimes
Make big changes
On a whim

<

Many
Always
Keep making
small changes
systematically
How can we keep changing
New neuron circuit

Change Mindset
↓
Change Culture
↓
Change Behaior
↓
Constant change
Repeat
Pattern

Kata
↓
Change behavior
↓
Constant change
↓
Change mindset
↓
Change culture
Toyota Kata

Improvement Kata

Coaching Kata
ターゲット
ターゲット
状態
状態

現状
現状

Improvement Kata
Two thinking modes

•
•

Implementation mode
Planning
Execution
画
計画
計

ere
hhere
W e
W e
w t
w nt
waan
w o
t to
o
ggo

行
実行
の実
策の
決策
解決
解

wnn
no y
kknow rry
Unn rritioo
U e rr t
Te
T

ere
hhere
W e
W e
W
W re
A re
A
•

Problem Solving Mode
Don’t know path
Vision

Improvement Kata

Challenge
Challenge

me
he
T

TC
TC
Obstacl
Obstacl
ee

CC
CC

xe
E

i on
cut

egy
at
tr
S
Vision(Direction)
Company’s long term purpose

Strategic direction
Challenge
1/2 to 1 year Goal
Goal to Win

Path is unknown

Seems impossible but not
absolutely so
Intention Behind TC
Why it can't be done
↓
Limits of current knowledge
How can we do it

Challenge

Paradigm

Next
TC

Kata

Fear of unknown
CC

TC
Moving to TC
TC
TC

Limits of vision

Next step

CC
CC

Meet unpredicted obstacles
which changes action
Intention behind heijunka pattern
Demand :A,B,C,D,E
   
8 , 16,4,6,3
Pattern

Scheduler
Optimum Plan

Time

Reach today’s target
Pattern is TC
Surface Problems
Know where to improve
for long term survival
PDCA Cycle
Try ideas outside of common sense
1 . P: Hypothesis ( Prediction )

A P
C D

2. D: Try hypothesis ( Act )
3. C: Compare results ( Evidence )
4. A: Adopt if proved, back to 1 if
disproved 検証されたら

A P
C D
A P
C D
現状
現状

A P
C D

A P
C D

ターゲット
ターゲット
状態
状態

A P
C D
Culture to promote experimentation
Between two who took the same time solving a problem, I choose
one who failed 10 times over one who solved without one failure

The Japanese are too fearful
of failure

How can you know
anything if you haven’t
even tried?
Coaching kata
Teaching IK
Teaching IK
What is CK

メンター 弟子
Mentor and Mentee
Neve teach solution
Push for deeper understanding of CC
Following Katga is more important than good solution

Mentor
Mentee

ç√
ç√

CC
CC

TC
TC
The 5 Questions
1. ターゲット状態は何か
2. 現在の実際の状況はどうか

3. ターゲット状態達成を妨げて
いる障害は何か。そのどれに取り
組んでいるのか。

4. 次のステップ(次のPDCA
サイクルの開始)は何か。その結
果はどうなると思うか。

5. そのステップから学んだこと
をいつ見に行けるか。

目標再確認
前回の実験の振り返り
焦点の確認

次の
PDCA実験

次の実験と
コーチングの時期確認

A P
C D
Application of Toyota Kata to Lean
Product Development
2 Approaches to Product Development Transformation

•
•

Implementation Mode
Planning
Execution
画
計画
計

行
実行
の実
策の
決策
解決
解

た
りた
あ り姿
あい 姿
い

rry
ttoo y
rrrrii
ee
T
n T
wn
noow
nkkn
Un
U

CC
CC

Problem solving mode
• Use improvement kata
Application of
Improvement Kata to product
Development Transformation
Development Transformation
Development Transformation

Vision

Challenge
Challenge

TC
TC
Obstacl
Obstacl
ee

CC
CC

ess
roc tion
P a
PD sform
ran
T

egy
at
tr
S

erm
d t for
i
M al
o ct
G du
ro ment
P op
el
de v
Transforming to LPD
Profitability 2x
•

New product sale ration 2X

Challenge 3 year out
PD productivity 4x

•

TC

•

Experiment

•

Overcome obstacles

•

Standardize

PD LT 1/3

zero loopback

knowledge reuse
3x

Employee satisfaction up
Turnover 1/5

Zero overtime
Transforming to LPD
•

Challenge 3 year out

•

TT 6 months out
Experiment

•

Overcome obstacles

•

Standardize

Using A3 to record knowledge

•

•

•

Using A3 for problem solving

•

Using tradeoff curves

•

Always doing knowledge gap analysis
Transforming to LPD
Make tradeoff curves

•

Challenge 3 year out

•

TT 6 months out

•

Trail in pilot projects

Experiment
Make test bed

•

Overcome obstacles

•

Standardize

Make A3

あらゆる知識をA3形式で共有
Transforming to LPD
制度

•
•

組織の壁

方針

トップの理
解

教育不足

Challenge 3 year out

信頼不足

TT 6 months out

•

Experiment

•

Overcome obstacles

•

見える範囲

Standardize

次のステッ
プ

現状
現状

ターゲット
ターゲット
状態
状態

障害
Transforming to LPD
•

Challenge 3 year out

開発段階

知識ライブラリー

A3    顧客関心事

A3    情報

•

TT 6 months out

A3    提案
No

•

Experiment

A3    顧客関心事

開発承認
開発承認

Yes
A3    意思決定

•
•

Overcome obstacles
Standardize

A3    情報
A3    試験結果

IE
IE

Yes

N
o

A3    意思決定
A3    状況
A3  プロジェクト
 インテグレーション
A3   チェックシート

A3    情報
A3    試験結果
A3    意思決定
A3    状況
Example of using TK for PD- Philips

現状把握
知識検索が困難

ナレッジ・マネジメント
プロセスが定着せず

主要な障害を発見し
対策を取る

ターゲット状態に向けてP
DCAを繰り返す
Additional sources

•

開発戦略は「意思決定を遅らせろ!」(稲垣公夫)

•

Toyota Product Development System (Morgan, Liker)

•

Managing to Learn

•

Toyota Kata ( M Rother )

•

Toyota Kata website

•

http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mrother/Homepage.html
End

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Lean conference 2014 inagaki

Editor's Notes

  1. リーンは生産から製品開発、ソフトへ広がった 生産はトヨタウェイで限界と思ったらToyota Kata がブレークスルー 金田先生
  2. ポイントベース:少数の代替案をすぐに絞り込み、希望的観測で決め打ち セットベース:直感に反するが
  3. 今日の私の話から一つだけ持ち帰るとしたら、このスライド 不確実性への恐怖心:狩猟時代に身につけた 宗教もこの本能に対する反応:不可思議な自然現象を説明する 製品開発:アイデア、解決策を仮説として扱わず、飛びつく
  4. 小難しいことと思われるだろうが、身近な例で説明する
  5. ゴルフをやる人は?ピン:リーン開発を2001年から導入、因果関係図、トレードオフ曲線 ヘッド重量、飛距離、直進性:従来の製品は自社の技術能力を使い切っていなかったことが読める 60ヤードの半分を使ってダントツドライバー開発
  6. 知識の大ロット生産:詳細設計、試作で検証する 速く、安く獲得:ラピッドプロトタイピング、シミュレーション、部分試作
  7. Toyota Kataも回答を出せないこと:不可能に思えるが絶対不可能ではないというチャレンジを誰が設定できるか、それができる人材をどう育成できるかが金田先生の話。
  8. ターゲット状態はチャレンジに行く方向で、現在の知識の限界のちょっとだけ外に置く必要がある。そうすると現在地からそこへの行く道は見えないので、一歩ずつ道を探しながら進むしかない。ところが人間、知識の限界の外に踏み出すことに対しては道の恐怖がある。これを型で乗り越えようとするのが意図だ。型を使うと安心して道の領域に挑戦でき、そうすると今までの常識や思い込みを脱却でき、できない理由を考えていたのを「どうしたらできるのか」考えるという思考モードを変えることができる。これから見ると、トヨタの型こそが日本型のイノベーションではないか。
  9. 車の混流生産でLT短縮方法 ローサーが平準化パターンを教えるが必ず崩壊する:生産計画未達
  10. スポーツのコーチングと同じ