The document provides an overview of topics to be covered in a zoology review, including the scientific method, food webs, keystone and invasive species, osmosis and diffusion, taxonomy, population sampling, reproduction, animal adaptations, and exam topics. Key concepts are defined, such as the levels in a food pyramid and food web, producers and consumers, isotonic and hypertonic solutions, asexual and sexual reproduction, and abiotic and biotic factors. Examples are given of adaptations in amphibians and cephalopods, feeding strategies of carnivores and prey, and reproduction through budding or fragmentation. Students are prompted to think of examples and explanations relating to these ecology and z

1. Zoology Review

2. Scientific method
• What are the steps that we address in our lab
notebooks?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

3. • What happens
to the amount
of energy as you
go up the
pyramid?

4. Food Webs
• What do the
arrow mean?
• What are the
producers?
• Primary
consumers?
• Secondary
consumers?
• Tertiary
consumers?

5. Try this one!: producer, each level of
consumers are?????

6. Now put into a food pyramid

7. Keystone species food web- what is
keystone species? How do you know?

8. Invasive species: can you tell what the
invasive species are?

9. With an invasive species introduced….
• What will it take for an organism to survive with
the new surroundings????
– ADAPTATIONS!!!!!
– AND HOW DO ADAPTATIONS OCCUR?
• MUTATIONS IN GENES…..
• Can you decode this::::: ACT GAG CTU?
• How would the mutation occur in this gene sequence?
• What does it take for the mutation to continue to be
passed on ?

10. Can you think of adaptations that
animals we discussed have had?
• Amphibians?
– Life on land
• Gills to lungs
• Stronger bones to support gravity
• Paired find to 4 limbs to walk
• More complex ears to hear on land
• Life Series: toad tightened body in ball to elude predators
• Cephalopods: what is an example of a cephalopod?
– Modified mantle to swim in open water
– Beak from radula to crush prey
– Males modified organ to deposit sperm so females don’t
eat them

11. Questions so far???????
• Continue to work on vocab…
• We will continue to review on Friday (when
your vocab is due!!!!)

12. Day 2 Review: Feeding Strategies
• Deposit feeder: shove food in mouth
• Filter Feeders: active or passive
• Suspension feeders
– Use a filter system to
gather food
• Grazers

13. • Carnivores: Predators
– Many different ways predators can capture food
what are some examples?
– What costs are involved in actively seeking prey?
– Advantages of being a large carnivore?
– Structures developed via evolution
Prey:
Want to avoid getting eaten to carry on species
What are some defense mechanism animals have to avoid
“being eaten?

14. Prey can change during carnivore life cycle: What changes in
diet do you see here? Both species live in same ecosystem,
what is a possible explanation for this?

15. Reproduction
• Asexual- What process is this type?
• what is the advantage?
• What is the disadvantage?
• When would this be the better method of
reproduction?
• What types of organisms reproduce this way?
• Types of a asexual: budding: offspring grows out of
parent, fragmentation: part of parent breaks off that
can reproduce

16. Reproduction
• Sexual – what process is this type?
• what is the advantage?
• What is the disadvantage?
• When would this be the better method of
reproduction?
• Types external and internal fertilization.
– Which has higher survival rate?
– What organisms reproduce these ways?

17. Osmosis and Diffusion
• What are these?
• What is hypotonic solution?
• Isotonic solution?
• Hypertonic solution?
• How do animal cells respond to each of the
solutions?

18. Explain why this happens in each
instance.

19. Taxonomy
• How do you classify species into groups?
• How can you find the scientific name of a
species unknown to you?

20. Population Density
• What data do you collect in the field?
• What organisms are best to sample this way?
• What can this data tell you about other
organisms living in this ecosystem?

21. How are organisms affected by these
in an ecosystem
• Abiotic Factors • Biotic Factors
• Temp • Other organisms
• Salinity • Plants
• Turbidity • animals
• Pressure
• Amount of sunlight
• Pollutants
• Weather conditions

22. Exam Topics
• Food webs and trophic levels
• Keystone/invasive species
• Osmosis and diffusion
• Taxonomy
• Population sampling
• Scientific method
• Phylums we have discussed this year
• Reproduction
• Animal Adaptations
• Land vs. aquatic environments
• Feeding strategies