This workshop was conducted by Kathleen Ludewig Omollo on the first day of the ICTD 2012 Conference.
Learn how to share your knowledge with the world using open licenses. dScribe is a participatory open content production process used to produce rich educational resources from classes, conferences, and other learning environments. This workshop will focus on widespread sharing of the presentations and associated projects for ICTD 2012.
Activity template http://openmi.ch/ictd2012-activity.
Tags for Activity: http://openmi.ch/ictd2012-activity-tags.
Workshop abstract available at http://ictd2012.org/opensessions/306.
This presentation and the embedded video are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.
Using Grammatical Signals Suitable to Patterns of Idea Development
ICTD2012 - Open Licenses Workshop Slides
1. Enabling Greater Access, Visibility & Use
of Knowledge through Open Licenses
Kathleen Ludewig Omollo
International Program Manager
University of Michigan Medical School Office of Enabling Tech.
March 12, 2012 - ICTD 2012
Slides at: http://openmi.ch/ictd2012-workshop
Except where otherwise noted, this work is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0). Copyright 2012 The Regents of the University of Michigan.
Cover image CC:BY-SA Jessica Duensing (Flickr)
2. PATH
•Copyright Trivia
•What is “Open”?
•Case Study: African
Health Open
Educational Resources
Network
•Hands-On: Create,
share, license your
own materials
Image CC:BY-NC-SA werkunz (Flickr)
4. What rights are
included in
copyright?
(hint: there are 5)
Image CC:BY Ute Hagen (Flickr)
5. Copyright holders have the exclusive right to do and
to authorize others to do the following:
3. Reproduce the work in whole or in part
4. Prepare derivative works, such as translations,
dramatizations, and musical arrangements
5. Distribute copies of the work by sale, gift, rental, or
loan
6.Publicly display the work
7.Publicly perform the work
8. Origin of Copyright (1710):
“For the Encouragement of Learned Men to
Compose and Write useful Books… the Author
of any Book or Books already Printed… in order
to Print or Reprint the same, shall have the sole
Right and Liberty of Printing such Book and
Books for the Term of One and twenty Years…”
- “An Act For the Encouragement of Learning”
(a.k.a. The Statute of Anne) by Queen Anne of
England
Image CC:BY-SA Loz Pycock (Flickr)
9. Origin of Copyright in U.S. (1788):
“To promote the progress of Science and
Useful Arts, by securing for limited times to
authors and inventors the exclusive right to
their respective writings and discoveries.”
- U.S. Constitution Article I, Section 8, Clause
8 (aka “The Progress Clause”)
Image CC:BY-SA Loz Pycock (Flickr)
11. Notable International Treaties
Regarding Copyright:
•1886: Berne Convention for the
Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
•1952: Universal Copyright Convention
•1988: Berne Convention
Implementation Act
•1995: Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights
Image CC:BY tuppus (Flickr)
15. Copyright occurs automatically
at the creation of a new work,
when it is fixed in tangible form.
This means that almost
Image CC:BY Horia Varlan (
flickr)
everything is copyrighted--
not just published material but
also your emails, your
assignments, your letters, your
drafts, your doodles, your
snapshots, your blog posts...
16. What is a license?
Licenses let people know
how they may use a
copyrighted work.
Image CC:BY-SA lumaxart (Flickr)
17. Free
Public
Under some licenses to use, adapt, redistribute
Image CC:BY-SA Colleen Simon (Flickr)
19. Types of Open Licenses:
Creative Commons
Some Rights Reserved
(www.creativecommons.org)
20. BY :: Attribution
You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform your copyrighted work but only if
they give you credit.
21. NC :: Noncommercial
You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform your copyrighted work but for
noncommercial purposes only.
22. SA :: Share Alike
You let others copy, distribute, display, and
perform your copyrighted work as long as
any derivative work is licensed under the
same license.
23. ND :: No derivatives
You let others copy, distribute, and display
your copyrighted work only if no changes,
derivatives, are made.
24. Learning
Creativity
Sharing
Public All Rights
Domain Reserved
least restrictive most restrictive
Adaptability means…
Translation
Localization
Bridge materials
Innovation
Collaboration
26. Challenges to Health Education in Africa
•low budget, small workforce, high disease
burden
•scarce, aging, and emigrating teaching staff
•not enough instructors or classroom spaces
•repetitive instructional responsibilities
•and….
Image CC:BY Phil Roeder (Flickr)
27. large lectures &
crowded clinical situations
2 minute video interview: Image CC:BY-NC University of Ghana
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFjJe8ZJkJU
Collection of 19 OER video interviews in Ghana:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF4EC45F2B54D6112
28. When you look in
textbooks it’s difficult to
find African cases. The
cases may be pretty
similar but sometimes it
can be confusing when
you see something that
you see on white skin so
nicely and very easy to
pick up, but on the dark
skin it has a different
manifestation that may be
difficult to see.
-Richard Phillips, lecturer,
Department of Internal
Image CC:BY-NC-SA Kwame Nkrumah
Medicine, KNUST (Ghana) University of Science and Technology
29. The mission of the African
Health Open Educational
Resources (OER) Network (est.
2008) is to advance health
education in Africa by creating
and promoting free, openly
licensed teaching materials
created by Africans to share
knowledge, address curriculum
gaps, and support health
education communities. www.oerafrica.org/healthoer
30. Gather Existing Materials
Assist health professionals in finding materials that
are free, electronic, and openly licensed (i.e.
expressly allow the general public to use, adapt,
copy, and redistribute)
APPROACH
Facilitate
Discussion
Foster dialogue
between health
professionals around
pedagogy, policy,
peer review, and openness
via onsite consultation,
discussion lists, conference
calls, and newsletters
31. Collection Other
•12 institutions •www.Oerafrica.org/he
•135 modules althoer: 7,000
visits/month
•339 materials •Open.umich.edu:
•144 videos 10,000 visits/month,
•906 minutes 1,500 is for African
Health OER Network
YouTube
content
•861K views •Accessed in over 190
•795 favorites countries
•173 comments Image CC:BY-NC-SA HeyThereSpaceman (flickr)
32. Visualization of greatest word frequency in Youtube comments – from wordle.com.
http://wiki.datawithoutborders.cc/index.php?title=Project:Current_events:A2_DD
33. Remix Example
Image CC:BY-NC-SA Saide and University of Botswana
44. On Slide Learning about Orchids
Lady Finger Phalaenopsis A Phalaenopsis hybrid
add some extra information in the
attribution: author, source (name and
link), license (name and link)
Lady Finger Orchid CC:BY aussiegall (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
phalaenopsis CC:BY audreyjm529 (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
A Phalaenopsis hybrid CC:BY-SA Zizonus (flickr) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
45. Additional Source Information
M P LE
E XA
Slide 3: Janeway. Immunobiology : The Immune System in Health and Disease. Current Biology Ltd./
Garland Publishing, Inc. 1997
Slide 4: Spinach is Good” Center for Disease Control; Life Magazine. January 17, 1938; rejon,
http://openclipart.org/media/files/rejon/11221
Slide 5: Goody Two Shoes - McLoughlin Bro's (New-York) 1888
Slide 6: Jot Powers, “Bounty Hunter”, Wikimedia Commons,
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bounty_hunter_2.JPG, CC: BY-SA 2.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
At the end of the presentation
46. What if you want to make your
*existing* work available under
an open license?
47. What types of third-party
(i.e. created by someone other
than you) objects might you
encounter?
49. main policy concerns to publicly sharing content
:: copyright : copyright law grants limited
exclusive rights to authors of creative
works
:: product endorsement : avoiding the
appearance of endorsing a 3rd party
:: privacy : the protection of an individual’s
(student, instructor, patient) privacy
50. possible actions
:: retain : keep the content because it is
licensed under an open license or is in the
public domain
:: replace : you may want to replace content
that is not openly licensed (and thus not
shareable)
:: remove : you may need to remove content
due to privacy, endorsement, or copyright
concerns
51. Attribution Key
for more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/AttributionPolicy
Use + Share + Adapt
{ Content the copyright holder, author, or law permits you to use, share and adapt. }
Public Domain – Government: Works that are produced by the U.S. Government. (17 USC § 105)
Public Domain – Expired: Works that are no longer protected due to an expired copyright term.
Public Domain – Self Dedicated: Works that a copyright holder has dedicated to the public domain.
Creative Commons – Zero Waiver This key is inserted as the
Creative Commons – Attribution License second slide/page of all
Creative Commons – Attribution Share Alike License University of Michigan open
Creative Commons – Attribution Noncommercial License content to let people
Creative Commons – Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike License worldwide know how they
GNU – Free Documentation License can or cannot use a given
image or resource.
Make Your Own Assessment
{ Content Open.Michigan believes can be used, shared, and adapted because it is ineligible for copyright. }
Public Domain – Ineligible: Works that are ineligible for copyright protection in the U.S. (17 USC § 102(b)) *laws in
your jurisdiction may differ
{ Content Open.Michigan has used under a Fair Use determination. }
Fair Use: Use of works that is determined to be Fair consistent with the U.S. Copyright Act. (17 USC § 107) *laws in your
jurisdiction may differ
Our determination DOES NOT mean that all uses of this 3rd-party content are Fair Uses and we DO NOT guarantee that
your use of the content is Fair.
To use this content you should do your own independent analysis to determine whether or not your use will be Fair.
52. Activity
You have been provided print-outs of:
•Original slides with copyright, privacy, or
endorsement issues
•Recommended actions
•Replacement images
Match the slides with their actions and, if
applicable, their replacement images.
Activity materials at:
openmi.ch/ictd2012-activity & openmi.ch/ictd2012-activity-tags
Image CC:BY Nick Ward (Flickr)
53. Share Your Own Work from ICTD2012
Tag your work “ictd2012-open”, upload to a website
that supports Creative Commons:
Presentations (e.g. DOC, PPT) on Slideshare:
http://www.slideshare.net/tag/ictd2012-open
Photos on Flickr:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/ictd2012open
Videos on YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/results?
search_query=ictd2012-open&search=tag
Image CC:BY-SA Quinn Dombrowski (Flickr)
54. Email:
KLudewig@umich.edu
How To:
open.umich.edu/share
African-produced
health materials:
www.oerafrica.org/heal
thoer
Image CC:BY-NC britbohlinger (flickr)
55. Image CC:BY Karrie Nodalo (flickr)
This presentation builds upon slides from other
Open.Michigan team members, including:
Emily Puckett Rodgers, Pieter Kleymeer, Garin
Fons, Greg Grossmeier, Susan Topol, Dave
Malicke, Ted Hanss, and Erik Hofer
Notas del editor
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01/26/10 01/26/10 Copyright Duration: 1710, UK, Statute of Anne: . If it was published after 10 April 1710, the length of copyright was 14 years; if published before that date, 21 years, renewable for second term of 14 years 1788, US: 14 years, renewable for second term of 14 years - 1988 Berne Berne Convention Implementation Act, signed by over 160 countries: Individual is life + at least 50 years; - Since 1976: U.S: individual is life + 70 years; corporate is 95 years from publication
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01/26/10 01/26/10 Copyright holders may keep their rights, and license some or all of those 5 rights to individuals or groups. They may also sign over all of their rights completely.
Begin with brief introductions: Kathleen, 2010 graduate of SI and the School of Public Policy. Involved in Winter 2008 pilot of dScribe
Two C’s, as opposed to one C
Creative Commons licenses are legal contracts, and have been upheld in court: http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Case_Law
This is where open licenses address the gaps in our current system. As content creators, you take more control over how you want others to use and share your materials and you help other people do this by giving them permission ahead of time. Open sharing practices encourage the cycle of creativity, learning and ultimately innovation by allowing others to legally build upon each other’s work. In this way, we allow others to take control over the way they learn and what they learn, curating their own collections of materials and adapting those materials to suit their needs. Licensing provides even more opportunities for sharing and for using these materials in a variety of settings outside of the protected 4 walls of closed education systems allows for teaching and learning to happen formally and informally. Creative Commons are the most used licenses for content but there are software licenses (GNU) that can be used. Share online legally, throughout the world Choose how you would like to share Many of the license allow for adaptation You can choose how you want to share and easily show others how they can use your work. You take an active step toward sharing and making your materials more useful to others. “ Realizing the full potential of the internet — universal access to research, education, full participation in culture, and driving a new era of development, growth, and productivity.” ~ Creative Commons mission
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The Ghanaian government aims to triple the number of healthcare workers, but according to a study by Dr. Frank Anderson from University of Michigan, the Ghanaian medical schools can only admit 30% of qualified applicants due to limited faculty size.
The African Health OER Network is co-facilitated by U-M and the South African Institute for Distance Edu. Other founding members include Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, University of Ghana, University of Cape Town, and University of the Western Cape.
Open Licenses are seen as means to streamlining education, not an end in itself.
01/26/10 What is dScribe ? dScribe, is a process created by U-M and adapted at UCT, is a participatory and collaborative model for creating open content. dScribes, short for digital and distributed scribes, are students, faculty and other staff who work together to create content that is openly licensed and made freely available for other people to use. By distributing OER development tasks across a community of students, faculty, and other staff, costs are reduced as the effort and time required to develop and share OER are carried by a group of people.
When creating new learning materials… Start now by making a small change in how you create your own content.
Public domain – 1923 clearest cut-off for U.S. works in public domain. For years 1923 – 1989 is a grey area, depending on whether work has copyright notice, was registered and/or renewed http://www.librarycopyright.net/digitalslider/ We build upon the work of others and make use of content whose rights are held by individuals, corporations, and organizations around the world. Respecting the copyright of those who we borrow and build from is an essential component of strengthening the culture of sharing. Why don’t we include seeking permission? That is only advisable if you have a connection to the author, as you can spend months waiting on permission.
These actions should be recorded in some manner for legal purposes as show your due diligence