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FUEL CELL DRIVETRAIN




                 KULDEEP LAWANIYAN
                             482/09
                                 54
Was doing electrolysis
           William Robert Grove
And in a way discovered fuel cell as reverse of it
Introduction
   What is a fuel cell ?
   How it works ?
   What are the functions of it ?
   How it can be used for driving vehicle ?
   What are the basic components of a FCV ?
   What are advantages of using it over
    conventional IC engines ?
Fuel cell
 Make use of Electrochemical process
Hydrogen + oxygen      water + electricity+ heat



  Storage tank   Air




Provide energy for systems as large as a
utility power station and as small as a laptop
Working of fuel cell
• Proton exchange membrane.
 H2           2H+ + 2e-                     (at anode)
 2H+ + ½ O2       H2O + Heat              (at cathode)




                  [ Source: Fuel Cell Handbook (Fifth edition) ]
Fuel cell system
•Fuel cell stack
• Fuel processors
• Current invertors and conditioners
• Heat recovery system
Types of fuel cell
 Polymer electrolyte membrane
 Direct methanol fuel cell
 Phosphoric acid fuel cell
 Alkaline fuel cell
 Molten acid fuel cell
 Solid oxide fuel cell




                   [ Source: Fuel Cell Handbook (Fifth edition)
Table showing different types of
fuel cell
Fuel cell vehicle
 FCVs are the vehicle which run on the
hydrogen rather than gasoline
 Emits no harmful gases
 It uses PEM fuel cell




             [Source: www.futurecars.com ]
Concept of fuel cell vehicle
 Cells are grouped into
stack.
 A hydrogen fuel cell
automobile would have at
least 45 cells in a stack.
 Hydrogen is stored and
injected in either liquid or
gas form.
 Output is only water or
vapor


                               [ Source: Automotive fuel cell corporation ]
Working of fuel cell vehicle
•Hydrogen fuel and oxygen from air are channeled
through field flow plates on opposite sides of fuel cell.
•At anode hydrogen splits into hydrogen ion (positive
ion) and into electron (negative ion).
•Electrons travel through an external circuit creating
electric current.
•At cathode water is formed.
•This electrical energy is converted into mechanical
energy with the help of electric motors.
Components of fuel cell FCV




          [ Source: “ABCs of Automotive Fuel cells” Ron Sims
Hydrogen storage tank
 Carbon fiber composite tank
 Plastic liner
 Aluminum polar bosses
 Pressure around 10000 psi




  [ Source: “Composite Comfortable Pressure Vessel” U. S. Patent No.5 ]
Fuel cell stack
Fuel cell vehicle efficiency
 Fuel cell efficiency
   Eff. = Vactual /1.2 v
    Electric work done = charge *voltage = -2FE Joules
 Fuel cell system efficiency
Also called Plant to wheel efficiency




             [ Source: American national standards institute ]
Factors affecting fuel cell efficiency
    Temperature
    Pressure




                                                 Stoichiometric effect
                                                 Humidity effect


[ Source: Module 4: Hydrogen fuel cell technology ]
Refueling of HFCV
 Hydrogen can be used as on board fuel
 A flexible connection between car and dispenser
 Only few refueling stations over worldwide




          [ Source: EV World, “Hydrogen Car Fire Surprise” ]
Sources of hydrogen
Comparative analysis of FCV
                  Well to wheel efficiency
                 FCV is 22 % efficient
                 ICE is 15 % efficient
Advantages & disadvantages of FCV
Advantages
 Efficiency is largely independent of load
 Less complicated then ICE vehicle
 Quitter operation
 No structural weaknesses
 Zero emission

Disadvantages
 High cost
 On board hydrogen storage
 Production of hydrogen at energy plants creates
  much CO2
 H2 is very flammable gas
Status of fuel cell vehicle technology


  Performance       Reliability
  Safety            Longevity
  Comfort           Package/weight
  Freeze start      Cost
  Range
Technological challenges
 Vehicle cost
 On board hydrogen storage
 Fuel cell durability & reliability
 Getting hydrogen to consumers
 Public acceptance




            [ Source: Photo courtesy of HONDA ]
Prototype of FCV
 NECAN
 JEEP COMMANDER
 F-cell
 TH!NK
 HYDROGENI




      [ Source: www.fuelcellpartnership.org ]
Conclusion

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My presentation on fuel cell drive train

  • 1. FUEL CELL DRIVETRAIN KULDEEP LAWANIYAN 482/09 54
  • 2. Was doing electrolysis William Robert Grove And in a way discovered fuel cell as reverse of it
  • 3. Introduction  What is a fuel cell ?  How it works ?  What are the functions of it ?  How it can be used for driving vehicle ?  What are the basic components of a FCV ?  What are advantages of using it over conventional IC engines ?
  • 4. Fuel cell  Make use of Electrochemical process Hydrogen + oxygen water + electricity+ heat Storage tank Air Provide energy for systems as large as a utility power station and as small as a laptop
  • 5. Working of fuel cell • Proton exchange membrane. H2 2H+ + 2e- (at anode) 2H+ + ½ O2 H2O + Heat (at cathode) [ Source: Fuel Cell Handbook (Fifth edition) ]
  • 6. Fuel cell system •Fuel cell stack • Fuel processors • Current invertors and conditioners • Heat recovery system
  • 7. Types of fuel cell  Polymer electrolyte membrane  Direct methanol fuel cell  Phosphoric acid fuel cell  Alkaline fuel cell  Molten acid fuel cell  Solid oxide fuel cell [ Source: Fuel Cell Handbook (Fifth edition)
  • 8. Table showing different types of fuel cell
  • 9. Fuel cell vehicle  FCVs are the vehicle which run on the hydrogen rather than gasoline  Emits no harmful gases  It uses PEM fuel cell [Source: www.futurecars.com ]
  • 10. Concept of fuel cell vehicle  Cells are grouped into stack.  A hydrogen fuel cell automobile would have at least 45 cells in a stack.  Hydrogen is stored and injected in either liquid or gas form.  Output is only water or vapor [ Source: Automotive fuel cell corporation ]
  • 11. Working of fuel cell vehicle •Hydrogen fuel and oxygen from air are channeled through field flow plates on opposite sides of fuel cell. •At anode hydrogen splits into hydrogen ion (positive ion) and into electron (negative ion). •Electrons travel through an external circuit creating electric current. •At cathode water is formed. •This electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy with the help of electric motors.
  • 12. Components of fuel cell FCV [ Source: “ABCs of Automotive Fuel cells” Ron Sims
  • 13. Hydrogen storage tank  Carbon fiber composite tank  Plastic liner  Aluminum polar bosses  Pressure around 10000 psi [ Source: “Composite Comfortable Pressure Vessel” U. S. Patent No.5 ]
  • 15. Fuel cell vehicle efficiency  Fuel cell efficiency Eff. = Vactual /1.2 v Electric work done = charge *voltage = -2FE Joules  Fuel cell system efficiency Also called Plant to wheel efficiency [ Source: American national standards institute ]
  • 16. Factors affecting fuel cell efficiency  Temperature  Pressure  Stoichiometric effect  Humidity effect [ Source: Module 4: Hydrogen fuel cell technology ]
  • 17. Refueling of HFCV  Hydrogen can be used as on board fuel  A flexible connection between car and dispenser  Only few refueling stations over worldwide [ Source: EV World, “Hydrogen Car Fire Surprise” ]
  • 19. Comparative analysis of FCV Well to wheel efficiency  FCV is 22 % efficient  ICE is 15 % efficient
  • 20. Advantages & disadvantages of FCV Advantages  Efficiency is largely independent of load  Less complicated then ICE vehicle  Quitter operation  No structural weaknesses  Zero emission Disadvantages  High cost  On board hydrogen storage  Production of hydrogen at energy plants creates much CO2  H2 is very flammable gas
  • 21. Status of fuel cell vehicle technology Performance Reliability Safety Longevity Comfort Package/weight Freeze start Cost Range
  • 22. Technological challenges  Vehicle cost  On board hydrogen storage  Fuel cell durability & reliability  Getting hydrogen to consumers  Public acceptance [ Source: Photo courtesy of HONDA ]
  • 23. Prototype of FCV  NECAN  JEEP COMMANDER  F-cell  TH!NK  HYDROGENI [ Source: www.fuelcellpartnership.org ]