2. In the Nagara style the tower(shikhara) of the
temple is an inverted beehive-shaped structure with a
bulge in middle.
The temples are usually surrounded by enclosures.
The plan is based on a square but the walls are
sometimes, broken up to give a circular impression.
The exterior of the Nagara type of temples is
characterized by horizontal layers .the best e.g. of
Nagara type temple is Khajuraho temple .
3.
4. KHAJURAHO TEMPLE
Khajuraho temple had been built by the CHANDELLAS.
Architecturally these temples are unique . While each
temple in khajuraho has a distinct plan and design,
several features are common to all . They are all built
on high platforms ,several meters of the ground ,
either in a granite or a combination of light
sandstones and granite. Each of these temples have
an entrance hall (mandapa) ,and a holy place(garbha
griha ).The roofs of these various sections have a
distinct form . The porch and hall have pyramidal
roofs made of several horizontal layers.
5. In the dravida style temples the tower (vimina) of
the temple is pyramidal in shape and is composed of
a series of tiers or layers that diminish in size as they
ascend.
The temple has many storeys each of which is
smaller than the one below.
It has an enclosure and a gateway called
GOPURAM.
E.g. Kailashnath temple
6.
7. VESSARA TYPE OF ARCHITECTURE
Vessara is also a style of Indian architecture primarily
used in temples. This style contains elements of both
Nagara and Dravida style. The style is also described
in some texts as the central Indian temple
architecture style or Deccan architecture.
oE.g. sun temple
8.
9. THE ISLAMIC SCHOOL OF
ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA
With the advent of the Muslims, a new style of
architecture began to emerge in India. This
architecture also reflected the religious and social
needs of the Muslims. While on the one hand ,
Muslims had Persian architectural designs and ideas,
On the other hand they had to employ local Hindu
craftsmen and architects who introduced Hindu
architectural designs and decoration in Muslim
culture.
10. ABOUT SHAHJAHAN WHO LOVED
ARCHITECTURE AND MONUMENTS
Shahjahan was popularly called Engineer king
and the prince of builders. During his time the
art of building reached its zenith. He was
responsible for building grand edifices
, palaces , mosques , forts and gardens in Agra
and Delhi. Moti masjid and Taj Mahal and Red
fort and Jama masjid in Delhi are some of his
famous buildings .
11.
12.
13.
14. Taj mahal
The Taj mahal , built by Shah jahan in memories
of mumtaz mahal is the best work that was ever
done by mughal dynasty. Ustad Isa was the
master architect. Under whose guidance this
monument was designed , executed and
completed. It is made of pure white marble and
is described as a dream in marble. All its parts
have perfection of proportion. This structure on
the bank of the river Yamuna is constructed on
an elevated platform.
15. Red fort
the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan to found a fresh city at Delhi in the mid-
seventeenth century. He called it Shahjahanabad, meaning City of Shah Jahan.
At its centre stood the Red Fort, a vast walled complex of beautiful palaces and
meeting halls from which the Emperor ruled with unmatched public pomp and
ceremony. Today, the surviving Fort buildings stand silently amid the still
bustling city, now called Old Delhi.
The Red Fort's success was instant. It represented the pinnacle of Mughal
palace-fort building, and symbolized political and economic power. It was also
perhaps the most extravagant and sophisticated theatre ever built for daily
performances of one of the world's most dazzlingly grand courts. But its glory
was short-lived; as the Mughal Empire waned, so did the Fort. Later Emperors
abused the fine buildings, raiders snatched its treasures, marauders wrecked
its buildings and finally the British, blind to its qualities, pulled down the
greater part. Even this century, what remains has been largely
ignored, unappreciated and uncared for. But, despite the ravages of time and
human action, the extraordinary achievement of the Red Fort in plan and fine
architecture is still visible today, although it is unjustly ignored. It is time to set
the record straight, to look again at the surviving buildings and to bring the
Fort alive through the personality of its creator, Shah Jahan, and his Court.
16. JAMA MASJID
Jama Masjid of Delhi is the largest mosque in India. The Jama Masjid stands across the road in
front of the Red Fort. Built between 1644 and 1658, Jama Masjid is one of the last architectural
works of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. The spacious courtyard of the Jama Masjid holds
thousands of faithful. Jama Masjid is located on a mound in the heart of the old city and
projects beautifully into the Old-Delhi skyline. Jama Masjid Mosque was built in red sandstone
and marble by more than 5000 artisans. Originally called the Masjid-i-Jahan-Numa, or "mosque
commanding view of the world", the Jama Masjid stands at the center of the erstwhile capital
city of the Mughals, Shahjahanbad.
The Jama Masjid was completed under the supervision of Saadullah Khan, the Prime Minister of
Shah Jahan. A sum of Rs 10 lakhs was spent on the construction of the Jama Masjid. The Jama
Masjid is built on a red sandstone porch, about 30 feet (10 m) from the level of the ground and
is about 1400 square yards (1200 m²) in extent. The Jama Masjid has three gateways, four
towers and two minarets. The gateways in the north and south are led by a fleet of steps. The
main entrance is on the eastern side facing the red fort. It was probably used by the emperors.
The tower of the Jama Masjid is made up of five distinctive storeys. Each one of the storeys has
a projecting balcony. The adjoining edifices are beautifully done with calligraphy.
The first three storeys of the Jama Masjid tower are made of red sandstone and the fourth one
is made of marble, while the fifth is made of sandstone. The Jama Masjid is covered with
intricate carvings and has verses inscribed from the holy Koran. The grand Red fort (Lal Qila)
stands on the eastern side of the Jama Masjid. The main prayer hall of the Jama Masjid is made
up of high cusped arches and marble domes. The cabinet in the north gate of the Jama Masjid
contains a collection of Muhammad's relics - the Koran written on deerskin, a red beard-hair of
the prophet, his sandals and his footprints, implanted in a marble block.
