Ch 8

Telecomm, Networks
&
the Internet

Trend in communication
• Telephones,
• Internet,
• Wi-fi,
• fiber optics,

Components of simple network:

1. Switch,
2. Hub,
3. Router,
4. Modem,
5. Cable Wirings,
6. Network Interface card,
7. Network Operating System.

Key-Digital Networking Technologies:

Client Server

Physical Transmission of Data
Twisted Pair:

Types of Networks:
1. LAN (Local Area Network), CAN(Campus A N)
Less covering area,
Less transmission Speed,
Used for few numbers of autonomous computers,
Max Speed is 10Mbps.

2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Networks)
More covering area than LAN,
Can connect different cities,

3. WAN (Wide Area Networks)
covers entire world networks,
connects the continents and countries.

The DOMAIN name system:
• What Internet users use to reference anything
by name on the Internet
• The mechanism by which Internet software
translates names to addresses and vice versa
""

com edu gov in t m il net o rg

n o m in u m m e t a in f o b e r k e le y nwu n a to a rm y uu

w est e a st ww w

d a k o ta to rn a d o

The Resolution Process
• Let’s look at the resolution process step-by-
step:

annie.west.sprockets.com

ping www.nominum.com.

• The workstation XYZ asks its configured name
server, dakota, for www.nominum.com’s address

dakota.west.sprockets.com

What’s the IP address
of
www.nominum.com?



• The name server dakota asks a root name server, m, for
www.nominum.com’s address

m.root-servers.net

of
www.nominum.com?



C
o
p
y
i
g
h • The root server m refers dakota to the com name servers
© • This type of response is called a “referral”

2
0
0
1, m.root-servers.net

N dakota.west.sprockets.com Here’s a list of the
o com name servers.
m Ask one of them.
n
u
m

n annie.west.sprockets.com

c. ping www.nominum.com.

C
o
p
y
i
g
h • The name server dakota asks a com name server,
© f, for www.nominum.com’s address
2 of
0 www.nominum.com?
0

N dakota.west.sprockets.com

o
m
n
u
m
f.gtld-servers.net



C
o
p
y
i
g
h • The com name server f refers dakota to the
© nominum.com name servers
2 Here’s a list of the
nominum.com
0
name servers.
0 Ask one of them.

N dakota.west.sprockets.com

o
m
n
u
m
f.gtld-servers.net



• The name server dakota asks an nominum.com name
server, ns1.sanjose, for www.nominum.com’s address
of
www.nominum.com?

m.root-servers.net

ns1.sanjose.nominum.net

f.gtld-servers.net



• The nominum.com name server ns1.sanjose
responds with www.nominum.com’s address

m.root-servers.net

Here’s the IP ns1.sanjose.nominum.net
address for
www.nominum.com
f.gtld-servers.net



• The name server dakota responds to annie with
www.nominum.com’s address
Here’s the IP
address for
www.nominum.com

m.root-servers.net

ns1.sanjose.nominum.net

f.gtld-servers.net



INTRANET vs. EXTRANET

Intranet: An intranet is a private network that is
contained within an enterprise. It may consist of
many interlinked local area networks.
Ranges up to some meters.

Ex: intercom in organization.

• Extranet: An extranet is a private network
that uses Internet technology and the public
telecommunication system to securely share
part of a business's information or operations
with suppliers, vendors, partners, customers,
or other businesses.

Virtual Private Networks:
• is a method of computer networking--typically
using the public internet--that allows users to
privately share information between remote
locations, or between a remote location and a
business' home network.

Ch 8

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Ch 8