1. GENERAL
PRINCIPLES
OF
FIRST AID
Dr. K.R.Mahapatro
M.S (Orth) M.Ch(Orth)
Orthopaedics Specialist,
DHH, Koraput.
(

2. HISTORY
 1877-St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC.
AT EUROPE
 1900- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC.
AT INDIA
 1917- St. JOHNS AMBULANCE ASOC.
AS INDEPENDENT ORGANISATION
IN INDIA(Two part i,eAssoc. & Brigade)

3. AIMS OF FIRST AID
 TO SAVE THE LIFE
OF THE PATIENT
 TO IMPROVE THE
CONDITION OF THE
PATIENT AND NOT
ALLOWING TO
DETORIATE
 SHIFTING OF THE
PATIENT

4. SCOPE OF FIRST AID
DIAGNOSIS-
HISTORY,
SYMPTOM, SIGN
TREATMENT
TRANSPOTATION

5. 60% TO 80% OF
THE PATIENTS
ADMITTED TO
THE HOSPITAL
WITH TRAUMA
HAVE
MUSCULO-
SKELTAL
TRAUMA

6. CAUSE OF DEATH
IN MINUTES- RESPIRATORY
FAILURE
IN HOURS- BLEEDING
IN DAYS- ORGAN FAILURE
& FAT EMBOLISM
IN WEEKS- INFECTION

7. 35% OF THE DEATH COULD
HAVE BEEN PREVENTED IF
OPTIMAL CARE IS GIVEN IN
FIRST THREE HOURS OF
INJURY( GOLDEN HOURS
TREATMENT)

15. CARE OF THE SERIOUSLY
INJURED
 SECOND- TO
PROVIDE
 FIRST-TO
GET EXPERT
THE PATIENT SURGICAL &
TO HOSPITAL ANAESTHETIC
CARE,
ALIVE
IMMEDIATELY
AFTER
ARRIVAL

16. 3 R’S FOR TRAUMA
MANAGEMENT
RESUSITATION
RECONSTRUCTION
REHABILTATION

17. RULES OF FIRST AID
GET  POLICE- 100
 FIRE STATION-101
HELP  AMBULANCE-102

18. When to Call 102
 Any life threatening or injury situation
 If you are light headed and think you may
lose consciousness
 Alone in the facility and seriously injured
 When someone is injured
seriously

19. RULES OF FIRST AID
CHECK  A-AIRWAY
 B-BREATHING
THE ABC  C-CIRCULATION

20. First Aid and CPR
Know how to get help
Let us help you

21. Get help as quickly as possible
Be aware of your own condition
 Are you dizzy ?
 Light headed?
 Chilled and sweating?
 Shortness of breath ?
 Pain in center of chest spreading to neck, shoulder or arms?
 Something gets caught in your throat
 Sudden weakness/numbness of the face
 Loss of speech / trouble talking or understanding speech
 Sudden severe headache
 Are you diabetic? eating or checking you blood sugar?
 Are you allergic to certain things / been stung by a bee before?

22. Time is critical -
do what you can before the
unexpected happens
 Keep a Blood Group card
 Taking medications? - keep a list in your pocket
 Let us know any special needs for your condition
 Updateinformation and the emergency contact info
in Human Resources 2 times per year

23. Emergency

28. RULES OF FIRST AID
 MANUAL
CHECK PRESSURE
FOR  BANDAGE
 ELEVATION
BLEEDING  PRESSURE POINT
 TOURNIQUETE

30. RULES OF FIRST AID
AVOID
UNNECESSARY
MOVEMENT

33. RULES OF FIRST AID
AVOID
GIVING
FOODS

35. RULES OF FIRST AID
AVOID
EXTERNAL
APPLICATION
TO THE OPEN
WOUND LIKE
LIME &
HALDI

36. RULES OF FIRST AID
 WEEKNESS
LOOK  ANXIOUS/RESTLESS
FOR THE COLD SKIN

 PALE
SIGNS OF 

SWEATING
TRACHYCARDIA
SHOCK  COMPROMISED
RESPIRATION

37. MOUTH TO MOUTH
RESPIRATION
&
EXTERNAL CARDIAC
MASSAGE

38. SUFFOCATION
 LOSS OF
CONSIOUSNESS
 PULSE
SIGNS&  RESPIRATION
SYMPTOMS  CONGESTED FACE
& BLUE
DISCOLORATION

39. TREATMENT OF
SUFFOCATION
 REMOVAL FROM THE ACCIDENT
SITE
 REMOVE THE FB FROM MOUTH
 CORRECT POSTURE-SUPINE,
HYPEREXTENSION OF NECK &
LIFTING OF LOWER JAW
 OBSERVE THE RESPIRATION&
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION SOS

42. CRP FREQUENCY
MOUTH TO MOUTH RESP
10 TO 15/MIN IN ADULT
EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE
60/MIN IN ADULT
WITH TWO ASSISTANT
1 RESP- 5 ECM
WITH SINGLE PERSON
2RESP- 15 ECM

43. FRACTURE

44. CAUSE OF FRACTURE
DIRECT FORCE
INDIRECT FORCE
MUSCLE FORCE

46. TYPES OF FRACTURES
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLICATED

48. Crush Injury Hand

49. Crush Injury Hand

50. Crush Injury Hand

51. Crush Injury Foot

52. Crush Injury Foot

53. TYPES OF FRACTURES

54. TYPES OF FRACTURES

55. TYPES OF FRACTURES

56. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SWELLING
PAIN
LOSSOF MOVEMENT
DEFORMITY
FRACTURE CREPITATION
ABNORMAL MOBILITY

57. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

58. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

59. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

60. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

61. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

62. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

63. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

64. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

65. TREATMENT PRIORITY
AIRWAY
BREATHING
BLEEDING
FRACTURE

66. TREATMENT
LIFESAVING MEASURES
DON’T WASH OR APPLY
OINTMENT IN OPEN #
ELEVATION
IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

67. ELEVATION

68. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE
BANDAGE
SPLINT

69. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

70. What first aid you should do ?

71. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

72. What we do at hospital

73. Fracture Leg

74. What you do

75. What we do at Hospital

76. SPECIAL FRACTURE
 MANDIBLE
 FRACTURE SPINE
 FRACTURE COLAR BONE
 FRACTURE HUMERUS
 FRACTURE FOREARM
 FRACTURE PELVIS
 FRACTURE LOWER LIMB

77. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

78. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

79. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

80. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

81. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

82. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

83. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

84. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

85. IMMOBILISATION OF
FRACTURE

86. FRACTURE PELVIS

87. COMPOUND FRACTURE

88. TREATMENT OF COMPOUND
FRACTURE
CLEAN WITH NORMAL SALINE
PUT A STRILE PAD OR CLEAN
CLOTH
IMMOBILISATION

89. TREATMENT OF COMPOUND
FRACTURE

90. TREATMENT OF COMPOUND
FRACTURE

91. SPRAINS

92. SPRAINS

93. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SWELLING
PAIN
PAINFULMOVEMENT
TENDERNESS

94. TREATMENT
 REST
 ICEPACK
 ELEVATION
 NSAID
 NO MASSAGE
 NO OINTMENT
 NO HOT-FOMENTATION

95. DISLOCATION
 NEVER TRY TO
REDUCE OR
MANIPULATE
 IMMOBILISE IN
DISLOCATED
POSITION AND
REFER TO
HOSPITAL

96. DISLOCATION

97. WOUNDS
AND
BLEEDING

98. TYPES OF WOUNDS
 INCISED
WOUND
 LACERATED
WOUND
 PUNCTURED
WOUND
 CONTUSION
 ABRASION

99. TYPES OF WOUNDS

100. TYPES OF WOUNDS

101. COMPLICATION OF WOUNDS
BLEEDING INFECTION
(INTERNAL &
EXTERNAL)

102. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF
BLEEDING
SWEATING
LOSS OF CONSIOUSNESS
PALE SKIN
RIGOR
TRACHYCARDIA
TRACHEPNOEA

103. CONTROL OF BLEEDING
 MANUAL PRESSURE
 BANDAGE
 ELEVATION
 PRESSURE POINT
 TOURNIQUETE

104. PRESSURE POINT

105. POISONING

106. TYPES OF POISONING
 AS FOOD- Acid, insecticides
 THROUGH RESPIRATION- Carbon
monoxide
 THROUGH INJECTION-Snake Bite, Dog
Bite, Wrong Injection

107. TREATMENT OF POISONING
 Refer the patient immediately to hospital and
send the remaining of the poisoning to the
hospital.
 Induce Vomiting immediately with the finger
or saturated common salt solution.
Contradiction to vomiting- Acid poisoning &
unconscious patient

108. BURNS
BURNS

109. TYPES OF BURN INJURY
 SUPERFICIAL & DEEP
 DRY, WET, CHEMICAL, & ATOMIC

110. CASES REQUIRE REFERRAL
 Childrenmore than 15% burn
 Adults more than 35 % burn

111. RULES OF NINE

112. MANAGEMENT
 Retrieval of patient from fire
 Don’t remove the burned dress from wound
 Cover the body with cleaned cloth
 Remove the belt, rings etc.
 Don’t rupture the blebs
 Give sufficient ORS
 Chemical Burn -wash with water

113. TRANSPOTATION
OF INJURED
PERSON

114. TRANSPOTATION OF
INJURED PERSON
WITH ONE PERSON
WITH TWO PERSONS
WITH MULTIPLE PERSONS

115. WITH ONE PERSON
HUMAN CRUTCH

116. WITH ONE PERSON
CRADLE

117. WITH ONE PERSON
FIREMAN LIFT & CARRY

118. WITH ONE PERSON
PICK & BACK

119. WITH TWO PERSONS
FOUR HAND SEAT

120. WITH TWO PERSONS
THREE HAND SEAT

121. WITH TWO PERSONS
FIRE & AFT METHOD

122. WITH TWO PERSONS
TWO HAND SEAT

123. WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER

124. WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER

125. WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER

126. WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER

127. WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER

128. WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER, CROSSING THE WALL

129. WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER, CROSSING THE WALL

130. WITH FOUR PERSONS
STREACHER, DOWN THE STAIR-CASE

131. WITH TWO PERSONS
STREACHER

132. RULES OF STREACHER
 FOOT OF THE PATIENT
SHOULD FACE FRONT SIDE
EXCEPT DURING GOING UP IN
STAIR CASE & LIFTING IN TO
AMBULANCE

133. IMPROVISED
METHOD
OF
PREPARING
STREACHER

134. THANK YOU