The document discusses several topics related to human sexuality including: 1. It defines key terms like sex, gender, sexual orientation, and sexual health. 2. It outlines Freud's psychosexual stages of development from infancy through adulthood. 3. It describes factors that influence sexuality like culture, religion, health status, and medications. 4. It explains the human sexual response cycle and common sexual dysfunctions in men and women.

1. Kshyanaprava Behera
Assistant Professor
SUM Nursing College, SOA DTU

2.  Body
 Gender
 Sexual activity
 Sexual orientation
 Sexual drives
 Values, attitudes, beliefs and ideas of
life
 Healthy relationships

3.  Sex- body, biological, traits, characteristics
 Gender- roles, society, expectations, equality,
bias
 Sexual unfolding- sexual awareness,
understandings, hormonal changes.
 Sexual drives- fantasies, desires
 Sexual orientation-persons romantic,
emotional or sexual attraction to another
person.

4.  An enduring pattern of attraction –
emotional, romantic, sexual or some
combination of these- to the opposite sex,
the same sex, or both sexes
 Heterosexual
 Homosexual
 Bisexual
 asexual

5.  Heterosexual- romantic or sexual attraction or
behavior between persons of opposite sex
 Homosexual- romantic or sexual attraction or
behavior between members of the same sex or
gender.
 Bisexual-romantic or sexual attraction or sexual
behavior towards male and female.
 Asexual- the lack of romantic or sexual
attraction to others.

6. Sexual rights
Rights critical to the realization of sexual health
include::
 the rights to equality and non discrimination
 the right to be free from torture or to cruel,
inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment
 the right to privacy
 the rights to the highest attainable standard of
health (including sexual health) and social security

7. • Sexual rights Contd..
• The right to marry and to found a family and
enter into marriage with the free and full
consent of the intending spouses, and to
equality in and at the dissolution of marriage
 The right to decide the number and spacing of
one's children.
 The rights to information, as well as education
 The rights to freedom of opinion and expression, and
 The right to an effective remedy for violations of
fundamental rights.

8.  Sexual health is a state of physical,
mental and social well-being in relation to
sexuality. It requires a positive and
respectful approach to sexuality and
sexual relationships, as well as the
possibility of having pleasurable and safe
sexual experiences, free of discrimination
and violence.

9. 1.Sexuality Self Concept
2. Body Image
3. Gender Identity
4. Sexual Orientation

10. Definition
 Sexuality is the collective characteristics
that mark the differences between male and
female,
 the constitution and life of the individual as
related to sex.
 The Development of sexuality begins with
conception and continues through out life
span.

11.  1.Infancy (0-1):- role assignment: infants are
assigned gender role of male or female.
 2.Toddler (1-3):- develop gender identity: by body
exploration and genital fonding.
 3.Preschooler:- become increasingly aware of
their own and other’ body parts focuses love on
parent of opposite sex.
 4.School age (6-12):- gender role behavior is seen
(e.g. Tends to friends of same gender,
increased modesty, desire for privacy)

12.  5.Adolescence:- primary and secondary
sex characteristics develop. Menarche
usually takes place. Develops relationship
with interested partners.
 6.Young adulthood:-become capable of
establishing a lasting relationship with a
member of opposite sex, sexual activity is
common. Establish own lifestyle and
values.

13.  7.Middle adulthood:- Decreased hormone
production, menopause occurs in women
between 40-45 years climacteric occurs in
men. Individuals establish moral and
ethical standards.
 8.Late adulthood :- interest in sexual
activity. Often continues, sexual
activity, may be less frequent.

14.  Stages of Psychosexual Development
The Oral Stage:
 During this period, the oral region or the
sensory area of mouth provides the greatest
sensual satisfaction for the infant.
The Anal Stage:-
 The greatest amount of sensual pleasure for
the toddler is obtained from the anal and
urethral areas.

15. .The Phallic Stage:
 The greatest sensual pleasure is derived from the genital
areas. During this stage, the child “loves” parent of the
opposite sex as the provider of sensual satisfaction. The
parent of same sex is considered to be a rival.
The Latency Stage:
 At the beginning of the latency stage the child has resolved.
During the latency period children form close relationship
with others of their own age and sex.

16. The Pubescent Stage:
 During puberty, secondary sexual characteristics appear
in both sexes.
 The same psychosexual conflicts that occurred during
this period. If children resolve the conflicts, they are free
to enter into heterosexual relationship as adults.

17.  Culture : Sexuality is regulatory by the individual’ culture. For
e.g. muslims can have more than one wife. Polygamy (several
marriage partners) or monogamy (one marriage partner) may be
the norm.
 2.Religious Values. It provides guidelines for sexual
behavior as well as prohibited sexual behavior and
consequences of breaking sexual rules.
 3.Personal: sexuality can be viewed separately from
individual to individual.
 4 . Health Status: Healthy minds, bodies and emotions
are necessary for sexual well-being.

18. 1. Heart Disease-
2. prostate cancer-
3. Diabetes Mellitus
may experience orgasmic
dysfunction, loss of vaginal lubrication,
and painful intercourse related to a
yeast infection of the vagina.

19.  Spinal cord Injuries-
 Surgical procedures-
 Joint Diseases-
 Chronic Diseases-
 Sexually Transmitted Diseases-(STDs)-
 Mental disorders-

20.  5.Medications
 Many medications have side effects that affect sexual
functioning.
 1.Alcohol moderate amounts-Increased sexual
functioning. Chronic Use-Decreased sexual desire.
 2.Antianxiety agents: Decreased sexual desire.
 3.Anticonvulsants: Decreased sexual desire.
 4.Antidepressants: Decreased sexual desire.
 5.Antihistamines: Decreased sexual desire.
 6.Antihypertensives: Decreased sexual desire.
 7.Antipsychotics: Decreased sexual desire.
 8.Barbiturates: In low doses , Increased sexual pleasure
in large doses , decreased sexual desire, orgasmic
dysfunction.

21. 9.Cocaine: Increased sexual experience.
chronic use decreased sexual desire, sexual
dysfunction.
10. Diuretics : Decreased vaginal
lubrication, decreased sexual desire ,
erectile dysfunction.
11.Marijuana:same as cocaine , but
prolonged use reduce testosterone levels
and reduces sperm production.
12.Narcotics:Inhibited sexual desire and response,
erectile and ejaculatory dysfunctions

22.  The cycle has 4 steps.
 1.Desire (excitement phase) - Desire is a sexual "change"
that increases interest in and responsiveness to sexual
activity. You feel "in the mood." Your heartbeat and
breathing quicken, and your skin becomes reddened
(flushes).
 2.Arousal (plateau phase) - Sexual stimulation--touch,
vision, hearing, taste, smell, or imagination brings about
further physical changes. Fluids are secreted within the
vagina, moistening the vagina, labia, and vulva. These
fluids provide lubrication for intercourse. The vagina
expands, and the clitoris enlarges. The nipples become
hardened or erect.

23.  3.Orgasm (climax) - At the peak of arousal, the
muscles surrounding the vagina contract
rhythmically, causing a pleasurable sensation.
This is often referred to as the sexual climax.
 4.Resolution - The vagina, clitoris, and
surrounding areas return to their unaroused
states. Person feel , relaxed, possibly sleepy.
 Every woman progresses through the cycle at her
own rate, which is normal for her. A sexual
problem may occur if any of these stages does not
occur.

24. Infertility
Sexual abuse
Personal and emotional
health
Sexual dysfunction

25.  Blood tests -- These tests are done to evaluate hormone levels and
identify other possible underlying medical problems.
  Vascular assessment -- This involves an evaluation of the blood
flow to the penis. A blockage in a blood vessel supplying blood to the
penis may be contributing to erectile dysfunction.
  Sensory testing - Particularly useful in evaluating the effects of
diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage), sensory testing measures the
strength of nerve impulses in a particular area of the body.
  Nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity testing -- This
test is used to monitor erections that occur naturally during sleep. This
test can help determine if a man's erectile problems are due to
physical or psychological causes.

26. Medical treatment -- treatment of any physical problem that may be contributing
to a man's sexual dysfunction.
 Medication -- Medicines may help improve sexual function in men by
increasing blood flow to the penis. Intra-penile injections and urethral pellets may also
be used.
 Hormones -- Men with low levels of testosterone may benefit from hormone
supplementation (testosterone replacement therapy).
 Psychological therapy -- Therapy with a trained counsellor can help a
person address feelings of anxiety, fear or guilt that may have an impact on sexual
function.
 Mechanical aids -- Aids such as vacuum devices and penile implants may help
men with erectile dysfunction.
 Education and communication -- Education about sex and sexual
behaviours and responses may help a man overcome his anxieties about sexual
performance.
 Drugs - Sildenafil (Viagra) is the well-known "erection drug" for men. It is used
to treat erectile dysfunction, a common sexual problem among men.

27.  Lack of sexual desire (22%) - Lack of interest in sex, or
desire for sex, is a common problem in both men and
women, but especially in women. Lack of desire stops the
sexual response cycle before it starts.
 Difficulties becoming sexually aroused or achieving
orgasm (14%) - Inability to become sexually aroused is
sometimes related to lack of desire. In other cases, the
woman feels sexual desire but cannot become aroused.
Orgasm may be delayed or not occur at all (anorgasmia).
  Pain during intercourse (7%) - Pain during intercourse
(dyspareunia) is not uncommon. Like other sexual
problems, it can cause a woman to lose interest in sex.

28.  Eat a healthy diet
  Don't use tobacco
  Get active physically for at least 30 minutes every day
  Get plenty of rest
  Keep stress under control
  Have regular health screening, such as Pap test and
mammogram.
  Deal with any problems with drug abuse - drugs such as
cocaine can be responsible.
  Deal with any emotional or psychological issues such
as stress, depression, and anxiety. Get treatment as
needed.
  Increase communication with the partner.

29.  1.Assessing: Information about a client’s sexual health
status should always be an integral part Of a nursing
assessment. It includes:
 Nursing History:- It should include sexual concerns to
help plan a comprehensive treatment approach. A nurse
should not make assumptions about the client before
taking accurate history. Imposing values on others is
detrimental to the nurse-client relationship.
 Physical Examination:-The nursing history data which
indicates the need for a physical examination includes-
Suscipicion of infertility, pregnancy or a sexually
transmitted disease.

30.  2.Planning:-
 a.Maintain, restore or improve sexual health.
 b.Increase knowledge of sexuality and sexual health.
 C.prevent the occurrence or spread of STDs.
 d.prevent the unwanted pregnancy.e.Increase satisfaction
with level of sexual self concept.
 3.Implementing:- The interventions the nurse selects are
based on the data obtained from the client and the
identified nursing diagnosis. The interventions are
directed at preventing problems and providing information
about the changes and ways to adapt those changes.

31.  a.providing sexual health teaching;- It is an important
component of nursing implementation.Many sexual problems
exist because of sexual ignorance, many others can be
prevented with effective sexual teaching. Important areas of
teaching are:-sex education, Responsible sexual behavior
 Sex education:- assist client to understand the anatomy and how the
body functions. The importance of open communication between
partners should be encouraged. exercises, which involves
contraction and relaxation of pubococcygeal muscle.
 Responsible sexual behavior:-It involves the prevention of sexually
transmitted diseases and prevention of unwanted pregnancy and
avoidance of sexual harassement.Clients need education about
sexually transmitted diseases, preventive measures and early
treatment.The nurse must teach the various contraceptive methods,
advantages, disadvantages, contraindications, effectiveness, safety
and cost.

32.  Counseling for altered sexual function:-Nurse can
help clients with altered sexual function
 using plissit model,developed by Annon 1974 which
involves 4 progressive levels represented
 as ; p-permission giving ,Li-limited information,Ss-
specific suggestions,It- intensive therapy and unspoken
sexual concerns and conveys the attitude that sexual
concerns and needs are important to health and
recovery..
 Evaluating:- The goals established during the planning
phase are evaluated according to
 specific desired outcomes also established during that
phase. If outcomes have not been
 achieved, the nurse should explore the reasons.