1. Ben’s final study guide: Frequency: I cycle per second, 1 kilo, 1 hert Frequency bands: -Low frequency: below 300 hz – lf/mf communications -medium frequency: 300-3000 khz – commercial AM 535-1605 khz -high frequency: 3-30 mhz – HF communications 2-25 mhz -ultra high frequency: 300-3000 mhz – transponder and dme 960-1215 mhz -super high frequency: 3000 mhz and up – radar 220-5200 mhz -Very high frequency: 30-3000 mhz *higher the frequency, the farther away it can be detected Be familiar with electromagnetic spectrum AM: Amplitude modulated FM: Frequency modulation Transmitter receiver: send out message as electromagnetic pulse with modulation to distinguish from a hum steady noise Static electricity: interferes with magnetic flight controls and navigation/radio equipment. Faster the aircraft travels, the more static buildup it acquires. Static wicks allow static charge to drain off. VHF: omni directional range CDI should center ADF: automatic direction finder NBD: non directional beacon, low to medium frequency ANT: antenna functions Direction of needle: direction of station Tail of needle: direction from station Magnetic bearing + relative bearing= magnetic bearing Advanced navigation: VORTAC LORAN: Long Range Navigation -Low frequency range -follow contours of the earth, long range chain -weather can affect signal -foilage, season, terrain can affect signal GPS: Global Positioning System, uses triangulation of distance, 3 position satellites to work HSI: Horizontal Situation Indicator, heading and VOR indicating combo Feet/mile: 6000 ft. per nautical mile AC wave: 60 cycles/ second Communication radios: 118 mhz to 133 mhz 121.5 = emergency signal Carrier wave does not have to take any voice data with it Communication radios: controlled by FCC 2 way radio: transceiver can receive and transmit signals ELT: emergency locater transmitter, transmitted on 121.5 mhz, changed in march 2009. ADF receives signals from 199 to 1799 khz Units can directly receive from sense antenna LF/MF band is full of atmospheric and manmade noise Crosswind can cause navigation difficulty ILS: instrument landing system, precision approach, most accurate, lowest visibility I apologize for the terrible organization skills I have. So other than what’s on here and look over the corresponding avionics chapter in your airframe study book. Sorry again (fuck, fuck, shit fuck).