Paper presented at WCC2010, Brisbane, Australia

1. Mobile Learning: Using SMS in Educational Contexts University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – adelina8@gmail.com Adelina Moura & Ana Amélia Carvalho

5. Tools Students Activities Mobile Learning Learning Mediation Teaching FRAMEWORK – Constructivism, Activity Theory and ARCS Model - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – adelina8@gmail.com

7. SMS- based learning scenarios infrastructure University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – adelina8@gmail.com

8. - Thoughts - Curricular Contents - Word of the Day (Dictionary) - Quizzes - “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" - Read Daily - (fables) - Riddles - Proverbs Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Requesting Activities Collaborative Activities - Writing a collaborative micro story at a distance - Writing a collaborative micro story face-to-face Three scenarios of activities by SMS University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – adelina8@gmail.com Learning unities to read and store

9. Participant’s profile University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – adelina8@gmail.com 2 40 8 44 0 0 27 100 Male 3 60 10 56 18 100 0 0 Female Group D (Fr) (n=05) f % Group C (Fr) (n=18) f % Group B (Pt) (n=18) f % Group A (Pt) (n=27) f % Groups Sex

11. Results Presentation and Analysis Positive Indifferent Negative Students’ reactions to the scenario 1 learning units Positive Indifferent Negative Positive Indifferent Negative University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – adelina8@gmail.com 5 100 0 0 0 0 14 78 4 22 0 0 16 89 2 11 0 0 14 52 12 44 1 4 Thoughts 5 100 0 0 0 0 14 78 4 22 0 0 13 72 5 28 0 0 10 37 15 56 2 7 Curricular contents 5 100 0 0 0 0 14 78 4 22 0 0 12 67 6 33 0 0 14 56 11 44 0 0 Word of the Day (dictionary) Group D (n=05) f % Group C (n=18) f % Group B (n=18) f % Group A (n=27) f % Items Answers

12. Results Presentation and Analysis Scenario 3 Activities University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – adelina8@gmail.com Students who carried out the collaborative activities by SMS to create a micro story through SMS, face-to-face and at a distance said they liked it because it was a different way of working in pairs. It helped them interact and solve problems .

13. Results Presentation and Analysis Reaction to all activities sent by SMS University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – adelina8@gmail.com 0 0 1 6 1 6 2 7 No 5 100 17 94 17 94 25 93 Yes Group D (n=05) f % Group C (n=18) f % Group B (n=18) f % Group A (n=27) f % Did you like the activities by SMS?

14. Results Presentation and Analysis Data from Individual Interviews University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – adelina8@gmail.com All students interviewed stated that they enjoyed this type of learning. In individual interviews, students said they had improved their learning: “ The SMS helped me learn the foreign language ... and I assimilated better the information that was sent" “ I liked the SMS ... so much content ... it helped me a lot" "The SMS sent by the teacher ... in leisure time I copied it into my notebook and I learned better"

15. Scenario1 Liked the activity "Word of the day” All Scenarios E njoyed all activities sent by SMS Scenario 1 Receiving word definitions helped to enrich vocabulary . All Scenarios The set of all activities encouraged learning Scenario 2 Daily reading through stories and fables motivated reading 90% 60% 82% 66% 94% Data Synthesis University of Minho, Braga, Portugal – adelina8@gmail.com