This presentation represents an introduction to computer. I used every beginning lecture in my courses "Instructional Technology" and "Computer Fundamentals and its Applications".

1. Introduction to computer
Prepared by:
Lina Hajjar
2016

2. • A computer is a general-purpose,
programmable device that is capable of
calculating and storing results.

3. • one way of thinking about a computer is
a “black box” that accepts input in one
side, processes it in some way, and
then produces output in the other side.

4. • Calcution tools
• Automation of calculation (first
computer)
• First Computer:
– Microprocessor
– Input/Output devices, Memory,…
History

5. • 1940: first computer that works in binary
and boolean based.
• 1945: Von Newman
– Idea: storage of executable programs
– Before: sequent instructions
– Now: parameterized programs. we can
change the sequence of instructions.
Von Newman defines the general
architecture of computer .
History

6. • 5 principal components:
• ALU: realize the arithmetical and logical
operations
– Arithmetic: +,-,*,/,…
– Logical: and, or, comparaison…
• Control unit: general coordinator
– Read instructions program stored in
memory
– Generate order to ALU to execute these
instructions
Computer architecture

7. • microprocessor: CPU contains:
– ALU
– Control unit
– Cache memory: for intermediate storage
• CPU communicate with : memory,
input/output devices,… via bus
Computer architecture

9. • Mainframes: very powerful , high capacity , used in big companies for
execution of hard calculation with a very large amount of data.
• Pc: personal computer:
– Desktop computer
– Laptops or notebooks
– Tablet PC
– Media center: inTV,DVD,…
– PDA: organizer ,in addition of phone functions called smartphone
– Netbooks: portable pc with hard disk replaced by flash memory, low cost
of energy

10. Deskto
p

11. Deskto
p
A desktop designed to sit in one
position on a desk or table
somewhere and not move around.

12. Deskto
p
A portable computer
small enough to use
on one’s lap.

13. Deskto
pIts touch screen allows the
user to operate the computer
with a digital pen or a
fingertip.

14. Deskto
p
Specified for handled-sized
computer that runs with
windows Mobile operating
system.

15. • This technology can produce both a laser
monitor and a laser keyboard on a flat
surface so you can perform the normal
operations you do on desktop.

16. • Ease of editing (): corrections are made easily
on a PC.
• Flexibility (): serves many purposes: Draw,
Add, Remember, etc…
• Speed (): many tasks can be performed
quicker.

17. • Storage capabilities: used as a cupboard.
• Quality of output: create illustrations.
• Portability: transportable from one location to
another.
• Enables us to communicate with different
parts of the world using a NETWORK.

18. Computers are made of Hardware and
Software:
• Hardware () : Is any part of the computer
that you can see & touch. They are the
physical parts of the computer.
• Software () tells your computer what it
has to do. It is a set of instructions, call
programs.

20. An Electronic Board which
contains:
•CPU (Central Processing
Unit, ,)
•RAM (Random Access
Memory, )
•Cards

21. RORO
MM
Read Only Memory (ROM): A memory that
contains data that can only be read. It
contains the programming that allows the
computer to run.

22. •Central Processing Unit (CPU): Is the brain
of the computer. It controls the entire
system. It performs arithmetic & logical
operations.
GHZ

23. Random Access Memory (RAM): It
is the workplace of the computer. It
is a temporary storage area. If the
power goes off, the information
inside the RAM is lost.

24. Hard Disk: It stores and
provides quick access to
large amounts of data.
You may get an
external hard disk.

25. Example:
VGA(Video Graphics Array) Card:
connects the screen to the computer.

26. Example:
Sound Card: connects the speakers
to the computer.
Modem: connects the telephone line
to the computer.
Network Card: It connects two or
more computers.

28. • The hardware parts that Allows me to
enter data and instructions into a
computer.
• It converts the user’s actions and data
into digital electronic signals that can be
“read” by a computer.

29. • Keyboard ( ):contains keys you press to
enter data into the computer.
• Mouse(): small handled device that We
tell the computer what to do by pointing
and by clicking.

30. • Scanner(): converts printed material into a
form on the computer.
• Microphone: allows you to speak into the
computer to enter data and instructions.

31. • Digital Camera(): quick way to get photos
into computer readable form. They make
picture taking easy.
• Web Cam(): Are used to take pictures for
newsletters or websites to make live
videos that you share with others.

32. • The Hardware parts that allows the user to
see processed data, display results, and
represent information from the computer.

33. • Monitor(): It looks like a TV screen. It
displays text, graphics and videos on
screen.

34. • Printer(): it produces text and graphics
on a paper.
• Speaker: allows to hear music, voice and
other audio.

35. • Touch screen ( ): A special monitor that
lets the user make choices by touching
icons or graphical buttons on the screen.

36. A Software Can Be :
1.System Software ()
2.Application Programs) )
3.Programming Software ((

37. • System Software: It helps in running the
computer hardware and the computer
system. System software is a collection of
operating systems; devise drivers,
servers, windowing systems and utilities.

38. • DOS (Disk Operating System): A disk
manager and the program that allows
computer/user interaction.

39. • “Friendly Users” GUI (Graphical User
Interface): offers graphical icons, and
visual indicators as opposed to text-based
interfaces, typed command labels or text
navigation to represent the information
and actions available to a user.

40. o Microsoft Windows
95/98/ME/XP/Vista/windows 7-8-10.
o Mackintosh
o Linux - UNIX

41. • Application Software: It enables the end
users to accomplish certain specific tasks.

42. • We have many types of Application
Programs::
o Word Processing: To write letters
EX: Microsoft Word
o Spreadsheets: To do your math
homework
EX: Microsoft Excel

43. o Graphics : To draw and work with pictures
EX: Paint
o Database: To find, arrange and store your
information.
EX: Microsoft Access
o Desktop Publishing: Work with pictures
and words together
EX: Microsoft Publisher

44. • Programming Software: This is one of
the most commonly known and popularly
used forms of computer software. This
software comes in forms of tools that
assist a programmer in writing computer
programs.
Ex: C++, VB.net …

45. • A data() refers to a collection of
information organized for analysis or used
to reason or make decisions.
Examples of data:
• Letters.
• Numbers.
• Pictures.
• Sounds.

46. • Data in the computer is measured by a
unit, called Byte.
• A Byte is a group of 8 Bits.
• A Bit is a “0” & “1”. Ex: x= 10100010.
• So a byte is used to measure data (Byte)
just like we measure weight (Gram) or
distance (Meter).

47. • Computers Store Data In 2 Places :
1. In Memory (RAM) Temporarily
2. On Disks Permanently

48. Disks:
• There are the 3.5 inch Floppy Disks() (low
capacity).
• There are Fixed and Removable Hard
Disks() (high capacity).

49. • Compact Disk:( CD )(Compact Disk:( CD )())
They are storage devices.. We call
them also laser disks where we can
store Games, Music, Photos, Videos
and Programs.

50. • CD-ROM :CD-ROM : Compact Disk–Read Only
Memory
• CD-R :CD-R : CD-Recordable
• CD-RW:CD-RW: CD-Rewritable
• DVD-ROM:DVD-ROM: Digital Versatile Discs
• DVD-RDVD-R:: DVD-Recordable
• DVD-RWDVD-RW:: DVD-Rewritable

51. • Flash Memory(Flash Memory()):: it is called also USB
(Universal Serial Bus) disk. They are
similar in operation to disks .
• Mini SD (Mini SD ():): (Mini secure digital card): it
used for the mobile phone market. It can
meet the requirements for increased data
storage..

52. • It is two or more computers connected
together where you can share all kinds
of pictures, games, letters and
programs with million of users around
the world.

53. • LAN:LAN: (Local area Network): The
computers are geographically close
together.
• WAN: (Wide area Network): The
computers are farther a part and
connected by telephone line or radio
waves.

54. • Internet: the collective electronic of
computers and computer networks which
are inter-connected throughout the world.
• Intranet: a private Network that is
contained within an enterprise.