Space technologies since 1957 2013

• October 4, 1957
• Sputnik 1 – the first
artificial satellite
• Sputnik means satellite
in Russian. It was shaped
like a sphere and had four
radiating radio antennae.

• November 03, 1957
• Russian send a dog to the space
named LAIKA
• Sputnik II .
• Laika (whose name means “barker”)
was a 3
year-old mongrel stray wandering the
streets
of Moscow when she was picked up
and
taken to a secret Soviet space
laboratory.

• January 31, 1958
• the exploration of America ( Explorer I )
• first U.S artificial satellite

• October 28, 1958
• the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration was
created
• an agency of the United States
government
that is created by an act of
Congress and is
independent of the executive
departments

• March 03, 1959
• first U.S lunar probe and missed
moon
by 37, 3oo miles ( Pioneer 4)
• Pioneer 4 did provide extensive and
valuable
data on radiation and the tracking
of space
objects.

• August 7, 1959
• returned first television photo of Earth
• Explorer 6

• April 1, 1960
• first weather satellite was launched
• transmitted 22 952 cloud picture
• Tiros I

• August 10, 1960
• first payload is carried to be recovered
from orbit
• Discoverer 13
• Lichtenberg was the first Payload specialist.

Manned Space Flight
Vostok 1
April 12, 1961
1:48
Y. Gagarin
First manned spaceflight, one orbit the Earth.
Vostok 3
August 11, 1962
94:25
A. Nikolayer
First dual space mission, spacecraft passed within 4 feet of
each other.
Soviet Union

Vostok 4
August 12, 1962
70:59
P. Popovich
 Popovich. Joint flight with Vostok 3. Problems with life support
system, resulted in cabin temperature dropping to 10 deg C.
Returned to earth a day early due to communications secret code
mix-up. First Ukrainian astronaut.
Vostok 6
June 16, 1963
70:50
V. Tereshkova
Vostok 6 was a historic spaceflight made by the Russian cosmonaut
Valentina Tereshkova. She was the first woman in space and the first
civilian in space. Prior to her flight, only military personal had been
launched by any country.

Voskhod 1
October 12, 1964
24:17
V. Komarov, K. Feov, B. Yegorov
First spacecraft with mulktistotiman crew.
Voskhod 2
March 18, 1965
26:02
P. Belyayev, A. Leonov
Belyayev, Leonov. First space walk. Speed and
altitude records.

United States
Mercury 3
May 15, 1961
0:15
A. Shepard
First ma American in space ( Subortial Flight)
Mercury 6
February 20, 1962
4:55
J. Glenn
First American orbit the Earth.

Gemini 3
March 23, 1962
4:53
V. Grissom, J. Young
First American multiman crew.
Gemini 4
June 3, 1965
97:56
J. McDivitt, E. White
White first American spacewalker.

Gemini 7
December 4, 1965
330:35
F. Berman, J. Lovell
First United States Space rendezvouz ( with Gemini 6)
Gemini 6
December 15, 1965
25:51
W. Schirra, T. Stafford
Rendezvoused within 1 foot of Gemini 7

Unmanned Satellite and Space Probes
United States
Ranger 4
April23, 1962
First United States lunar probe to reach the moon, crashed.
Sncom 2
July 26, 1963
First synchronous – orbit communication satellite.

Ranger 7
July 28, 1964
Took first close-up photographs of lunar surface.
Mariner 4
November 28, 1964
First successful mars probe; returned 21 pictures.

Other Nations
Ariel 1
April 26, 1962
First international satellite, made in england launched by
united states.
Alouette 1
September 28, 1962
Frist Canadian satellite; launched by United States.

San Marco 1
Decembe 15, 1964
Frist Italian satellite; launched by united states.
A1
November 26, 1965
Frist french satellite.

Ranger 7
July 28, 1964
Took first close-up photographs of lunar surface.

First soft landing on the Moon, by Luna 9 (USSR). - Russian
probe Venus 3 lands on Venus, though contact had been lost. -
First circum-lunar probe, 3600-lb Luna 10 (USSR). - First
American soft-landing on the Moon (Surveyor 1) Improved
close-range photographs of the Moon from 846-lb Orbiter 1
NASA.

Luna 9 (E-6 series, N.13)
was an unmanned space
mission of the Soviet Union's
Luna program. On February
3, 1966 the Luna 9
spacecraft was the first
spacecraft to achieve a soft
landing on the Moon, or any
planetary body other than
Earth, and to transmit
photographic data to Earth.

Luna 10
The Luna 10 spacecraft was
launched towards the Moon from
an Earth orbiting platform on
March 31, 1966. The spacecraft
entered lunar orbit on April 3,
1966 and completed its first orbit
3 hours later (on April 4, Moscow
time). After a midcourse
correction on 1 April, Luna 10,
the second of two hastily
prepared Soviet Ye-6S probes
(that is, the backup), successfully
entered lunar orbit two days later
at 18:44 UT.

Surveyor 1 was the first lunar soft-lander
in the unmanned Surveyor program of the
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA, United States). This
lunar soft-lander gathered data about the
lunar surface that would be needed for
the manned Apollo Moon landings that
began in 1969. The successful soft landing
of Surveyor 1 on the Ocean of Storms was
the first one by an American space probe
onto any extraterrestrial body, and it
occurred just four months after the first
Moon landing by the Soviet Union's Luna 9
probe.
Surveyor 1 was launched May 30, 1966,
from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
at Cape Canaveral, Florida, and it landed
on the Moon on June 2, 1966. Surveyor 1
transmitted 11,237 still photos of the
lunar surface to the Earth by using a
television camera and a sophisticated
radio-telemetry system.

Disaster at Cape Kennedy, resulting in the deaths of three
astronauts. - Death of Colonel Komarov in Soyuz 1 due to
parachute failure. - First soft-landing on Venus by (USSR). - First
chemical analysis of lunar soil by NASA 619-lb Surveyor 5.

Soyuz 1 (Russian: Союз 1, Union 1)
was a manned spaceflight of the
Soviet space program. Launched into
orbit on April 23, 1967 carrying
cosmonaut Colonel Vladimir Komarov,
Soyuz 1 was the first flight of the
Soyuz spacecraft. The mission plan
was complex, involving a rendezvous
with Soyuz 2, swapping crew
members before returning to Earth.
Soyuz 1 was plagued with technical
issues, and Komarov was killed when
the spacecraft crashed during its
return to Earth. This was the first in-
flight fatality in the history of
spaceflight.

Surveyor 5 was the fifth lunar
lander of the American
unmanned Surveyor program sent
to explore the surface of the
Moon.
Launched September 8, 1967;
landed September 11, 1967
Weight on landing: 303 kg
(668 lb)
Surveyor 5 landed on Mare
Tranquillitatis. A total of 19,049
images were transmitted to
Earth.

Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188
Kosmos 186 (Russian: Космос-186 meaning Cosmos 186) and Kosmos
188 (respectively, Cosmos 188) were two unmanned Soviet spacecraft
that incorporated a Soyuz programme descent module for landing
scientific instruments and test objects. The two Soviet spacecraft
made the first fully automated space docking in the history of space
exploration on October 30, 1967. Mutual search, approach, mooring,
and docking were automatically performed by the IGLA-system on
board Kosmos 186. After 3.5 h of joint flight, the satellites parted on a
command sent from the earth and continued to orbit separately. Both
made a soft landing in a predetermined region of the Soviet Union -
Kosmos 186 on October 31, 1967 and Kosmos 188 on November 2,
1967.

Testing of the American Saturn 5 rocket (Project Apollo). - First
recovery of circum-lunar probe, Zond 5 which had animals
aboard, (USSR). - First manned Apollo flight: Apollo 7 (Schirra,
Cunningham, Eisele). - First flight round the Moon: Apollo 8
(Borman, Lovell, Anders). - NASA OAO 2 orbiting astronomical
observatory (4436-lb).

Zond 5, a formal member of the
Soviet Zond program and
unmanned version of Soyuz 7K-
L1 manned moon-flyby
spacecraft, was launched by a
Proton-K carrier rocket with a
Blok D upper stage to make
scientific studies during a lunar
flyby and to return to Earth.
Zond-5 became the first
spacecraft to circle the Moon
and return to land on Earth. On
September 18, 1968, the
spacecraft flew around the
Moon. The closest distance was
1,950 km..

First Russian manned docking maneuver (Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5). -
First space testing of the Lunar Module: Apollo 9 (McDivitt,
Scott, Schweickart). - Further soft-landings of unmanned probes
on Venus: Venus 5 and Venus 6 (USSR)(Stafford, Cernan, Young).
- July 21 First men on the moon in Apollo 11 (Armstrong and
Aldrin: Collins in orbit) returning 48-lbs of lunar samples from
Mare Tranquillitatis. - Further probes sent past Mars: Mariner 6
and Mariner 7 (USA).

Soyuz 4 (Russian: Союз 4, Union
4) was launched on January 14,
1969. On board the Soyuz 7K-OK
spacecraft was cosmonaut
Vladimir Shatalov on his first
flight. The aim of the mission
was to dock with Soyuz 5,
transfer two crew members from
that spacecraft, and return to
Earth. The previous three Soyuz
flights were also dock attempts
but all had failed for various
reasons.
The radio call sign of the crew
was Amur, while Soyuz 5 was
Baikal. This referred to the
trans-Siberian railway project
called the Baikal-Amur Mainline,
which was under construction at
the time.

Soyuz 5 (Russian: Союз 5, Union 5) was a
Soyuz mission using the Soyuz 7K-OK
spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union on
January 15, 1969, which docked with Soyuz
4 in orbit. It was the first-ever docking of
two manned spacecraft of any nation, and
the first-ever transfer of crew from one
space vehicle to another of any nation, the
only time a transfer was accomplished with
a space walk – two months before the US
Apollo 9 performed the first ever internal
crew transfer.
The flight was also memorable for its
dramatic re-entry. The craft's service
module did not separate, so it entered the
atmosphere nose-first, leaving cosmonaut
Boris Volynov hanging by his restraining
straps. As the craft aerobraked, the
atmosphere burned through the module.
But the craft righted itself before the
escape hatch was burned through.

First Japanese Earth orbiter, 58-lb Lambda. - First Chinese Earth
orbiter (386-lbs). - Soviet unmanned Luna returned 3-5 oz of
lunar soil after soft landing in Mare Fecunditatis. - First
unmanned lunar vehicle, Lunokhod 1, soft-landed by Soviet Luna
17 for ii-months' operation in Mare Imbrium. - X-ray survey of the
sky started by NASA-Italian 320-lb Explorer 42 (Uhuru-). - France
launched Earth orbiter.

Luna 16 (Ye-8-5 series) was an
unmanned space mission, part of the
Soviet Luna program.
Luna 16 was the first robotic probe to
land on the Moon and return a sample
of lunar soil to Earth. It represented the
first lunar sample return mission by the
Soviet Union, and was the third lunar
sample return mission overall, following
the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions.
The spacecraft consisted of two
attached stages, an ascent stage
mounted on top of a descent stage. The
descent stage was a cylindrical body
with four protruding landing legs, fuel
tanks, a landing radar, and a dual
descent engine complex. The Luna 16
automatic station was launched toward
the Moon from a preliminary Earth orbit
and after one mid-course correction on
13 September it entered a circular
111km with 70° inclination lunar orbit
on 17 September 1970.

Lunokhod 1 was the first of two
unmanned lunar rovers landed on
the Moon by the Soviet Union as
part of its Lunokhod program.
The spacecraft which carried
Lunokhod 1 was named Luna 17.
Lunokhod was the first roving
remote-controlled robot to land
on another celestial body. Luna
17 was launched on November
10, 1970 at 14:44:01 UTC. After
reaching earth parking orbit, the
final stage of Luna 17's launching
rocket fired to place it into a
trajectory towards the Moon
(1970-11-10 at 14:54 UTC). After
two course correction maneuvers
(on November 12 and 14), it
entered lunar orbit on November
15, 1970 at 22:00 UTC.

The Venera 7, was a Soviet
spacecraft, part of the Venera
series of probes to Venus. When
it landed on the Venusian
surface, it became the first
man-made spacecraft to land
successfully on another planet,
and to transmit data from there
back to Earth.
The probe was launched from
earth on August 17, 1970 at
05:38 UTC. It consisted of an
interplanetary bus based on the
3MV system and a lander. During
the flight to Venus two in course
corrections were made using the
bus's on-board KDU-414 engine.
It entered the atmosphere of
Venus on December 15, 1970.

Space
craft
Date
Launched
Remarks
Pioneer
10
March 3,
1972
launched on an Atlas/Centaur/TE364-4
towards Jupiter by the U.S., designed to
familiarize alien life with humans. It
returns the first close-up images of
Jupiter in 1973.
OAO-C August 21,
1972
Earth satellite to observe stars; last of
Orbiting Astronomical Observatories.
Pioneer
11
April 5, 1973 launched for flying past Jupiter in 1974,
and Saturn in 1979, where it discovers
new rings.
Mariner 9, May 30,
1971
which becomes the first spacecraft to
survey Mars from orbit.

Space craft Date
Launched
Remarks
Mariner 10 November 3,
1973
launched, on the first dual-planet
mission. Over the next year, it
returned photographs of Venus
and Mercury.
Viking 1
Viking 2
August 20,
1975
September 9,
1975
Twin Mars probes, both placed
landing vehicles on Mars that
transmitted photographs and
other data; neither confirmed nor
absolutely ruled out existence of
life in the planet.
GOES 1 October 16,
1975
First in series of Geostationary
Operational Environmental
Satellites for meteorologic data.

Space
craft
Date
Launched
Remarks
Mars 2 May 19, 1971 Mars probe; instrument package
first man-made object to land on
Mars.
Venera
9 and 1
0
June 8, 1975
June 14,
1975
Twin Venus probes; both
deployed descent capsules that
returned data, including the first
photographs taken on the surface
of another planet.

Space
craft
Date
Launched
Remarks
Prospero October 28,
1971
First all-British satellite
Helios 1 December
10, 1974
Joint solar probe by
West Germany and
United States, closest
approach to sun to
date.

Space
craft
Manned
space crew
Date
launched
Duration Remarks
Apollo 14 Alan Shepard,
Stuart Roosa ,
Edgar Mitchell
January 31,
1971
moon mission,
Shepard becomes the
first man to hit a golf
ball on the moon
Apollo
15
David Scott ,
James Irwin
and A.
Warden
July 26,
1971
295:12 the first moon rover
Apollo 17 E. Cerman,
R. Evans,
Harrison
Schmitt
December 7,
1972
301:52 Last Apollo moon
landing
Skylab 2 C. Conrad,
J. Kerwin,
P. Weitz
May 25, 1973 28 days First crew to occupy
Skylab1; Set new
endurance record.

Space
craft
Manned
space crew
Date
launched
Duration Remarks
Skylab 3 A. Bean, J.
Lousma, D.
Garriott
July
28,1973
59 days Second crew to occupy
Skylab1; Set new
endurance record.
Skylab
4
G. Carr,
W. Pogne,
E. Gibson
November
16, 1973
84 days Last Skylab mission,
Carr made record
single space walk of
seven hours; crew set
endurance record.
Apollo
(18)
V. Brand,
T. Stafford
D. Slayton
July 15,
1975
9 days First docking of two
space craft from
different nations ( with
Soviet Soyuz 19)

Space
Flight
Timeline
(1975-
1980)

To study the
outer Solar
System and
interstellar
medium. Operating
for 35 years,
7 months, and 22
days as of 27 April
2013, the spacecraft
receives
routine commands
and transmits data
back to the
Deep Space Network.

• The Pioneer Venus 1
(also known as the
Pioneer Venus orbiter)
was the first of a two-
spacecraft orbiter-
probe combination
designed to conduct a
comprehensive
investigation of the
atmosphere of Venus.

April 12, 1981 - The first
manned mission of the Space
Transportation System (STS-1),
Columbia , is launched.
 Crippen Awarded Space
Medal of Honor
Bob Crippen, pilot on the first
shuttle mission in 1981, has
been honored with the
nation's highest award for
spaceflight achievement, the
Congressional Space Medal of
Honor.

 June 19, 1981 - The European
Space Agency launches its third
Ariane rocket.
 Ariane 1 was the first rocket in
the Ariane launcher family. Ariane
1 was designed primarily to put
two telecommunications satellites
at a time into orbit, thus reducing
costs. As the size of satellites
grew, Ariane 1 gave way to the
more powerful Ariane 2and Ariane
3 launchers.[

 March 1, 1982 - Venera 13
lands on Venus, and
provides the first Venusian
soil analysis.
 The sample was determined
to be leucite basalt, a rare
rock type on the Earth.

 November 11, 1982 - The
space shuttle Columbia's
fifth mission, its first
operational one, begins,
deploying two satellites.
Crew: Vance Brand, Robert
Overmyer, Joseph Allen, and
William Lenoir.

 June 19, 1983 - Sally K.
Ride is the first U.S. woman
to travel in space, on
Challenger mission STS-7.

 October 10, 1983 -
Soviet Venera 15
returns the first high-
resolution images of
the Venus polar area,
and compiled a
thermal map of most
of the northern
hemisphere.

 January-November,
1983 - The Infrared
Astronomical
Satellite finds new
comets, asteroids,
galaxies, and a dust
ring around the star
Vega that may be
new planets.

 July 17, 1984 - launch of
Soyuz-T 12 carrying
Svetlana Savitskaya, who
becomes the first woman
to walk in space.

 August 30, 1984 - The
third space shuttle,
Discovery, lifts off on it's
maiden voyage (STS-
41D). Crew: Henry W.
Hartsfield, Michael L.
Coats, Richard Mullane,
Steven Hawley, Judith A.
Resnik, and Charles D.
Walker.

 December, 1984 -
Soviet/International Vega
1 & 2 are launched,
dropping probes into
Venus' atmosphere before
continuing to Halley's
Comet.

 January 8, 1985 - The
Sakigake probe is launched
by Japan's Institute of
Space and Aeronautical
Science, becoming the first
interplanetary probe as it
rendezvous with Halley's
Comet.

 July 2, 1985 - The
European Space Agency
launches the Giotto
spacecraft from an Ariane
rocket. It encounters
Halley's Comet in 1986, and
Comet P/Grigg-Skjellerup
in 1992.

 October 3, 1985 - The
fourth space shuttle
Atlantis takes off on its
first mission (STS-51J).
Crew: Karol J. Bobko,
Ronald J. Grabe, Robert A.
Stewart, David C. Hilmers,
and William A. Pailes.

 October 1985 - Spacelab
D1, the first joint
German/ESA mission, is
flown. Its crew consists
of two German DARA
astronauts, and Danish
Wubbo Ockels of the ESA.

 Magellan
 May 4, 1989
 The Magellan spacecraft,
also referred to as the Venus
Radar Mapper, was a 1,035-
kilogram
(2,280 lb) robotic space
probe launched by NASA on
May 4, 1989, to map the
surface of Venus using
Synthetic Aperture Radar and
measure the planetary
gravity. It was the first
interplanetary mission to be
launched from the Space
Shuttle

 Galileo
 October 18, 1989
 Galileo was an
unmanned NASA spacecraft which
studied the planet Jupiterand its
moons, as well as several other
solar system bodies. Named after
Renaissance astronomer Galileo
Galilei, it consisted of an orbiter
and entry probe. It was launched
on October 18, 1989, carried
by Space Shuttle Atlantison
the STS-
34 mission. Galileo arrived at
Jupiter on December 7, 1995,
aftergravitational assist flybys
of Venus and Earth, and became
the first spacecraft to orbit
Jupiter.

 April 24, 1990
 The Hubble Space
Telescope (HST) is a space
telescope that was carried
into orbit by a Space
Shuttle in 1990 and
remains in operation. A
2.4-meter
(7.9 ft) aperture telescope
in low Earth orbit, Hubble's
four main instruments
observe in the near
ultraviolet, visible,
and near infrared. The
telescope is named after
the astronomer Edwin
Hubble.
This 1995 Hubble Space
Telescope image of the
'Pillars of Creation' is
probably the most famous
astronomical image of the
20th Century. Taken in visible
light using a combination of
SII/H-alpha and OIII filters, it
shows a part of the Eagle
Nebula where new stars are
forming. The tallest pillar is
around 4 light-years high.

 Ulysses is a
decommissioned robotic spa
ce probe that was designed
to study the Sun as a joint
venture of NASA and
the European Space
Agency (ESA).
Thespacecraft was originally
named Odysseus, because
of its lengthy and indirect
trajectory to near Solar
distance. The spacecraft's
mission was to study the Sun
at all latitudes. To do this
required a major orbital
plane shift.

 The Phobos (RussianFobos, Greek:
Φόβος) program was anunmanned
space mission consisting of
two probes launched by the Soviet
Union to study Mars and
its moons Phobos and Deimos.
Phobos 1 was launched on July 7,
1988, and Phobos 2 on July 12,
1988, each aboard aProton-K
rocket. Phobos 1 suffered a terminal
failure en route to Mars. Phobos 2
attained Mars orbit and returned 38
images with a resolution of up to 40
meters, but contact was lost prior
to deployment of a planned Phobos
lander.

 Earth-resources mapping satellite launch by
France: highest solution civilian remote
sensing satellite.

 F. Scobee et.al.
 First united states in flight disaster;
challenger exploded 73 seconds after lift off
as the result of a fault rocket booster seal.

 1986 - Europe - Halley's Comet - Success - Giotto flyby
 1987 - Japan - Earth - Success - Launch of the Ginga X-ray satellite
(ASTRO-C)
 1988 - Soviet Union - Mars - Failure - Phobos 1 orbiter and lander
 1988 - Soviet Union - Mars - Partial Failure - Phobos 2 flyby and lander
 1989 - USA - Venus - Success - Magellan orbiter launched which mapped
99 percent of the surface of Venus (300 m resolution)
 1989 - USA - Venus/Earth/Moon/Gaspra/Ida/Jupiter - Success -
Galileo flyby, orbiter and atmospheric probe
 1989 - USA - Neptune - Success - Voyager 2 sends back images of Neptune
and its system
 1989 - Europe - Earth - Success - Launch of the Hipparcos satellite
 1989 - USA - Earth - Success - Launch of the COBE satellite
 1989 - Soviet Union - Earth - Success - Launch of the Granat gamma-ray
and X-ray satellite
 [edit]1990s
 1990 - USA/ Europe - Sun - Success - Ulysses solar flyby
 1990 - Japan - Moon - Success - Hiten probe, this was the first non-
United States or USSR probe to reach the Moon
 1990 - USA/ Europe - Success - Launch of the Hubble Space Telescope
 1990 - Germany - Success - Launch of the ROSAT X-ray satellite to
conduct the first imaging X-ray sky survey

 UARS is a science satellite
used from 1991 to 2005 to
study Earth's atmosphere,
including the ozone layer.
 Planned for a three-year
mission, it proved much more
durable, allowing extended
observation from its
instrument suite. It was
launched aboard Space Shuttle
Discovery and deployed into
space from the payload bay
with its robotic arm, under
guidance from the crew

 Mars Pathfinder on Mars
 NASA's Discovery Program (as
compared to New
Frontiers, Explorers, or Flagship
Programs) is a series of lower-
cost, highly-focused American
scientific space missions that
are exploring the Solar System.
 It was founded in 1992 to
implement then-NASA
Administrator Daniel S. Goldin’s
vision of "faster, better,
cheaper" planetary missions

 Mars Observer
 Launch: Sept. 25, 1992
After a 17-year gap since
its last mission to the red
planet, the United States
launched Mars Observer on
September 25, 1992.
 The spacecraft was based
on a commercial Earth-
orbiting communications
satellite that had been
converted into an orbiter
for Mars.

 December 2, 1993 -
Space
Shuttle Endeavour la
unches on STS-61,
making the first on-
orbit service of
the Hubble Space
Telescope (HST).

 Clementine (officially called the
Deep Space Program Science
Experiment (DSPSE)) was a joint
space project between
the Ballistic Missile Defense
Organization(BMDO, previously
the Strategic Defense Initiative
Organization, or SDIO) and
NASA.
 Launched on January 25, 1994,
the objective of the mission was
to test sensors and spacecraft
components under extended
exposure to the space
environment and to make
scientific observations of
the Moon and the near-Earth
asteroid 1620 Geographos.

 February 6, 1995 - Space
shuttle Discovery maneuvers to within 37 feet of
Russian space station Mir, in preparation for a
shuttle-Mir docking (STS-63). This is the first
shuttle mission to be flown by a female pilot.
 March 22, 1995 - Cosmonaut Valeriy Polyakov
returns to Earth after a 438-day mission aboard
Russian space station Mir, setting a new space
endurance record.

December 4, 1996 by NASA aboard a Delta II
booster a month after the Mars Global Surveyor was
launched, it landed on July 4, 1997 on Mars's Ares Vallis,
in a region called Chryse Planitia in the Oxia Palus
quadrangle.
Delta II is an American space
launch system, originally designed
and built by McDonnell Douglas.
The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) was
a US spacecraft developed by NASA's
Jet Propulsion Laboratory and
launched November 1996

 July 15, 2000 - the CHAMP satellite was launched
with a Russian COSMOS launch vehicle.
Challenging Mini Satellite Payload

 1997
- Robotic Mars
rover named Sojourner
explored Mars for
around three months.

 July 8, 2000 – International space station
established.
International Space Station (ISS) is
the largest artificial body in orbit, it
can often be seen at the appropriate
time with the naked eye from Earth

12 February 2001 - NEAR Shoemaker made its first landing
on an asteroid, 433 Eros.
 4 January 2004 - Spirit rover was made as a free ranging Mars
rover.

 25 January 2004 - Opportunity rover (Free ranging
Mars rover)
 1 July 2004 - Cassini–Huygens was the first to orbit
Saturn.

 14 January 2005 - Cassini–Huygens made its first
landing on Titan (the largest moon on Saturn).
 19 November 2005 – Hayabusa made its first asteroid
ascent (25143 Itokawa - Mars and Apollo crosser
asteroid) and its first interplanetary escape without
undercarriage cutoff

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

New Horizons
Mission type Flyby
Launch date 2006-01-19 19:00:00 UTC (7 years,
3 months, and 10 days elapsed)
Launch vehicle Atlas V 551
Launch site Launch Complex 41
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
Mission duration In transit (Pluto)
(7 years, 3 months, and 10 days
elapsed)
APL flyby
(completed 2006-06-13)
Jupiter flyby
(completed 2007-02-28)
Flyby of APL, Jupiter, Plutoand its moons
(Charon, Hydra, Nix,S/2011 P 1,
and S/2012 P 1)
Flyby date 2015-07-14 (projected)
Inclination negligible as of 2010

 space mission led by the French Space Agency (CNES)
 The mission's two objectives are to search for extrasolar planets with
short orbital periods, particularly those of large terrestrial size, and to
perform asteroseismology by measuring solar-like oscillations in stars
 It was launched at 14:28:00 UTC on 27 December 2006, atop a Soyuz
2.1bcarrier rocket, reporting first light on 18 January 2007
 on 2 February 2007, started to collect science data.
 COROT is the first spacecraft dedicated to the detection of transiting
extrasolar planets, opening the way for more advanced probes such
as Kepler and possibly TESS and PLATO.

o was a robotic spacecraft on a space
exploration mission on Mars under
the Mars Scout Program.
oPhoenix lander descended on Mars on
May 25, 2008.
oThe lander completed its mission in
August 2008, and made a last brief
communication with Earth on November
2 as available solar power dropped with
the Martian winter.
oThe program was considered a success
because it completed all planned science
experiments and observations.

 Better known in Japan as KAGUYA( moon
princess)
 was the
second Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft.
 the spacecraft was launched on September
14, 2007
 After successfully orbiting the moon for a
year and eight months, the main orbiter was
instructed to impact on the lunar surface
near the crater Gill at 18:25 UTC on June
10, 2009

 is a robotic NASA spacecraft tasked with the
exploration and study of Vesta and Ceres, the two
largest members of the asteroid belt.
 Launched on September 27, 2007, the probe entered
orbit around Vesta on July 16, 2011
 Dawn left Vesta on September 5, 2012, on a course
for Ceres, which it is scheduled to reach in February
2015.
 Dawn is NASA’s first purely exploratory mission to
use ion propulsion.
 Dawn was the first spacecraft to visit Vesta, and is
scheduled to be the first to visit Ceres. If it
successfully reaches Ceres, it will also be the first
spacecraft to orbit two separate extraterrestrial
bodies,[8] using ion thrusters to travel between its
targets.

 was an unmanned Chinese lunar-orbiting spacecraft, part of
the first phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program.
 The spacecraft was named after the Chinese Moon
goddess, Chang'e.
 Chang'e 1 was launched on 24 October 2007 at 10:05:04 UTC
from Xichang Satellite Launch Center.
 The first picture of the Moon was relayed on 26 November
2007. On 12 November 2008, a map of the entire lunar
surface was released, produced from data collected by
Chang'e 1 between November 2007 and July 2008.
 Data gathered by Chang'e 1 was able to create the most
accurate and highest resolution 3-D map ever created of the
lunar surface.
 Chang'e 1 is the first lunar probe to conduct passive, multi-
channel, microwave remote sensing of the moon by using a
microwave radiator.
 On 1 March 2009, at 08:13:10 UTC, Chang'e 1 crashed onto
the surface of the Moon, ending its mission.

•a NASA satellite that is making a map of the boundary
between the Solar System and interstellar space.
•The mission is part of NASA's Small Explorer program
and launched with a Pegasus-XL rocket on October 19,
2008, at 17:47:23 UTC.
•Results from IBEX have repeatedly shocked the
scientific community and overturned old theories. The
first shock came when it revealed a narrow ribbon
of energetic neutral atom (ENA) emission.
•The nominal mission baseline duration was two years
to observe the entire solar system boundary. This was
completed by 2011 and its mission was extended to
2013 to continue observations.
•IBEX is collecting Energetic neutral atom(ENA)
emissions that are traveling through the solar system to
Earth that cannot be measured by conventional
telescopes.

 Planck is a space observatory of
the European Space Agency (ESA) and
designed to observe the anisotropies of
the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
over the entire sky, at microwave and
infra-red frequencies with high sensitivity
and small angular resolution.
 Planck was launched in May 2009, reaching
the Earth/Sun L2 point in July, and by
February 2010 had successfully started a
second all-sky survey.
 On 21 March 2013, the mission's all-sky map
of the cosmic microwave background was
released.
 Planck provides a major source of
information relevant to several
cosmological and astrophysical issues, such
as testing theories of the early universe
and the origin of cosmic structure.

 Herschel Space Observatory is a European Space
Agency space observatory sensitive to the far
infrared and submillimetre wavebands (55-672 µm).
 The observatory was carried into orbit in May 2009,
reaching the second Lagrangian point (L2) of
the Earth-Sun system, 1,500,000 kilometres
(930,000 mi) from the Earth, about two months
later.
 Herschel is named after Sir William Herschel, the
discoverer of theinfrared spectrum and
planet Uranus, and his sister and
collaborator Caroline Hersche.
 The Herschel Observatory is capable of seeing the
coldest and dustiest objects in space; for example,
cool cocoons where stars form and dusty galaxies
just starting to bulk up with new stars.

 was Iran's first domestically
made satellite.
 Omid is a data-processing satellite for
research and telecommunications, Iran's
state television reported that it was
successfully launched on 2 February
2009.
 Omid was reported to have successfully
completed its mission without any
problems. It completed more than 700
orbits over seven weeks.
 According to U.S. Strategic Command,
the Omid satellite reentered Earth's
atmosphere on April 25, 2009, during an
8-hour window centered on 0342 UT.

 Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to
discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars. The spacecraft,
named for the 17th-century astronomer Johannes Kepler, was
launched on 7 March 2009.
 The Kepler observatory is "specifically designed to survey a
portion of our region of the Milky Way galaxy to discover dozens
of Earth-size planets in or near the habitable zone and determine
how many of the billions of stars in our galaxy have such planets“
 The Kepler observatory is currently in active operation, with
the first main results announced on 4 January 2010. As expected,
the initial discoveries were all short-period planets. As the
mission continued, additional longer-period candidates were
found. A new candidate, announced on 7 January 2013, is Kepler-
69c(formerly, KOI-172.02), an Earth-likeexoplanet orbiting
a star similar to our Sun in the habitable zone and possibly a
"prime candidate to hostalien life"
 In April 2013, a white dwarf star was discovered bending the light
of its companion red dwarf star in the KOI-256 star system.
 In April 2013, NASA announced the discovery of three new Earth-
like exoplanets – Kepler-62e, Kepler-62f, and Kepler-69c– in
the habitable zones of their respective host stars,Kepler-
62and Kepler-69. The new exoplanets, which are considered
prime candidates for possessing liquid water and thus potentially
life, were identified using the Keplerspacecraft

 RISAT-2, or Radar Imaging Satellite 2 is
an Indian radar reconnaissance satellite that
is part of India's RISAT programme.
 successfully launched aboard a PSLV-CA
rocket at 01:15 GMT on April 20, 2009 from
theSecond Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan
Space Centre.
 RISAT-2 is India's first heavy satellite with
a synthetic aperture radar. It has a day-night,
all-weather monitoring capability. Potential
applications include tracking hostile ships at
sea that could pose a military threat

 formerly known as the Venus Climate Orbiter
(VCO) and Planet-C, is a Japanese unmanned
spacecraft which was intended to explore Venus.
 It was launched aboard an H-IIA 202 rocket on 20 May
2010.
 The mission reached Venus on 7 December 2010 (JST)
but failed to enter orbit around the planet.
 Akatsuki is a Japanese space mission to the
planet Venus. Planned observations include cloud and
surface imaging from an orbit around the planet with
an infrared camera, which are aimed at investigation
of the complex Venusian meteorology. Other
experiments are designed to confirm the presence
of lightning and to determine
whether volcanism occurs currently on Venus.

 a Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency(JAXA) experimental spacecraft.
The spacecraft was launched on 21 May
2010, aboard an H-IIA rocket, together
with theAkatsuki (Venus Climate Orbiter)
probe and four other small spacecraft.
 IKAROS is the first spacecraft to
successfully demonstrate solar-
sail technology in interplanetary space.
 On 8 December 2010, IKAROS passed
by Venus at about 80,800 km (50,200 mi)
distance, completing the planned
mission successfully, and entered its
extended operation phase.
 The IKAROS probe is the world's first
spacecraft to use solar sailing as the
main propulsion.

 a Chinese unmanned lunar probe that was launched
on 1 October 2010.It was a follow-up to the Chang'e
1 lunar probe, which was launched in 2007.
 Chang'e 2 was broadly similar to the Chang'e 1 probe,
but had important differences. While Chang'e 1
operated in a 200-kilometer orbit, Chang'e 2 flew at
only 100 kilometers, allowing for higher-resolution
images and more precise science data.
 In April 2012, Chang'e 2 departed L2 to begin an
extended mission to the asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which
it successfully flew by in December 2012. This
success made China the fourth spacefaring entity
to directly explore asteroids, after the United States,
the European Union and Japan.

 Juno is a NASA New Frontiers mission
to the planet Jupiter. Juno was
launched from Cape Canaveral Air
Force Station on August 5, 2011.
 Juno will also search for clues about
how Jupiter formed, including
whether the planet has a rocky core,
the amount of water present within
the deep atmosphere, and how the
planet's mass is distributed. It will also
study Jupiter's deep winds, which can
reach speeds of 618 kilometers per
hour (384 mph).
 Juno requires a five-year cruise to
Jupiter, arriving around July 4, 2016.
 Teams:
Scott Bolton, Toby Owen, Andy
Ingersol, Fran Bagenal, Candy Hansen,
Jack Connerney.

 Fobos-Grunt or Phobos-Grunt was an
attempted Russian sample return
missionto Phobos, one of the moons
of Mars. Fobos-Grunt also carried the
Chinese Mars orbiter Yinghuo-1 and the
tiny Living Interplanetary Flight
Experiment funded by the Planetary
Society.
 It was launched on 9 November 2011 at
02:16 local time (8 November 2011,
20:16 UTC) from the Baikonur
Cosmodrome, but subsequent rocket burns
intended to set the craft on a course for
Mars failed, leaving it stranded in low
Earth orbit.
 Fobos-Grunt was designed to become the
first spacecraft to return a macroscopic
sample from an extraterrestrial body
since Luna 24 in 1976.

 was an experimental Iranian Earth observation
satellite.
 The satellite carried a camera for taking higher-
precision imagery of Earth and it was also be
used to collect weather data and monitor
natural disasters.
 The third satellite to be launched indigenously
by Iran, it was placed into orbit by a new
configuration of the Safir carrier rocket,
featuring a larger second stage with 20%
more thrust.The launch occurred at
approximately 00:04 UTC on 3 February 2012.

 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is
a robotic space probe mission
to Mars launched by NASA on November
26, 2011,which successfully
landed Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale
Crater on August 6, 2012. The overall
objectives include investigating
Mars' habitability, studying
its climate and geology, and collecting
data for a manned mission to Mars.The
rover carries a variety of scientific
instruments designed by an international
team.

1. NASA's Z1 Spacesuit
 The new suit, which bears a Buzz Lightyears-esque appearance with
its green accents, boasts superior mobility over the old suits, a large
entrance port for easy donning, and increased radiation protection
to allow for longer spacewalks.

2. SpaceX's Grasshopper
On May 25, SpaceX became the first private company to
dock a spacecraft at the International Space Station with its
Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft. On December 17,
the company delivered its encore with a successful test of
its Grasshopper reusable rocket, in which the rocket
hovered at an altitutde of over 130 feet before landing
safely. Over the next few months, SpaceX has higher and
more sophisticated "hops" planned for the Grasshopper. As
the first ever completely reusable spaceflight system, the
rocket has the potential to dramatically lower the cost of
future launches if SpaceX successfully sends it into low-
earth orbit.

3. Orbital Sciences' Commercial Orbital Transportation
Services (COTS) Demo Flight
Orbital Sciences, a Dulles, Va. based space company, is
scheduled to launch its Cygnus spacecraft in 2013 as part of its
NASA Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) agreement. The
system, like SpaceX's Dragon spacecraft, was developed under a
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) contract with
NASA. If Orbital's launch is successful, it could mark the
beginning of a U.S. commercial space race, leading to more
efficient technologies and increased private sector funding.

 While NASA's Mars Science Laboratory, a.k.a. Curiosity rover, has
taken front stage in recent months, a project that remains in
development is the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN)
probe, an unmanned spacecraft that will be used to sample Mars'
environment. The probe is scheduled for launch in November 2013
and is expected to reach Mars in 2014. While Curiosity continues to
relay data back to earth from Mars' Gale crater, MAVEN will provide
measurements from Mars' atmosphere, allowing for a more complete
picture of the planet's environment.

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