An introduction-to-windows-powershell

1. An introduction to...
Windows
PowerShell

2. Dale Lane
dale.lane@uk.ibm.com
IBM Hursley Park

3. Agenda
What is Windows PowerShell?
How does PowerShell work?
How can I 'hack' PowerShell so that

4. What is
Windows
PowerShell?

5. What is Windows PowerShell for?

6. What is Windows PowerShell for?
ADMIN

7. What is Windows PowerShell for?
ADMIN
Building GUIs on
top of
PowerShell

8. What is Windows PowerShell for?
ADMIN
Interactive
command shell

9. What is Windows PowerShell for?
ADMIN
Scripting

10. What is Windows PowerShell for?
ADMIN
COM Scripting
for WMI

11. What is Windows PowerShell for?
ADMIN
before now
GUI MMC GUIs built on top of
PowerShell
I nt eract ive shell CMD PowerShell
Script ing BAT in CMD PowerShell
COM WMI (VBScript and JScript) PowerShell

12. How does
PowerShell
work?

15. Get-Process

16. Get-Process

17. a verb
a noun
Get-Process

18. The verbs
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714428.aspx

19. The verbs
Consistent
Learnable
Readable

21. Get-Process |
Where { $_.Handles -gt 500 } |
Sort Handles | Format-Table

22. HELP!

23. HELP!
Get-Command
Get-Help
Get-PSDrive
Get-Members

25. What command do I need?

27. How does it work?

28. How does it work?

29. How does it work?

30. How does it work?

31. How does it work?

39. Get-Process |
Where { $_.Handles -gt 500 } |
Sort Handles | Format-Table
Consistent

41. What data stores are available?

43. Windows Registry

45. Certificates

47. Environment variables

49. Variables

50. 'dir' ?

52. Aliases

55. Stopping a process
kill -9 `ps -aef
| grep 'notepad'
| grep -v grep
| awk '{print $2}'`

56. Stopping a process
kill -9 `ps -aef
| grep 'notepad'
| grep -v grep
| awk '{print $2}'`
Why so complicated?

57. Stopping a process
Get-Process notepad
| Stop-Process

58. Stopping a process
Get-Process notepad
| Stop-Process
Why so much easier?

68. Sort
Select
Where
Compare

77. -WhatIf
-Confirm
-Verbose
-Debug

82. Get-Process | Export-Csv

89. Using .NET

99. ([xml](new-object Net.WebClient)
.DownloadString
($bbc_news_rss_url)).rss.channel.item
| Select title, Desc*, *date
-first 8

103. How can I
“hack”
PowerShell?

104. Why?

105. “Queue
Manager”
“Message”
“Queue”
WebSphere MQ

107. a verb
a noun
Get-Process

108. http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714657.aspx
a verb
product
name object
type
Get-ProdObject

111. “Some of the queues used
by the sales team are
getting a bit full. Can you
increase the amount of
space in them?”

112. “Some of the queues used
by the sales team are
getting a bit full. Can you
increase the amount of
space in them?”
SALES.*

113. “Some of the queues used
by the sales team are
getting a bit full. Can you
increase the amount of
space in them?”
depth > (max depth - 10)

114. “Some of the queues used
by the sales team are
getting a bit full. Can you
increase the amount of
space in them?”
double max depth

116. Get-Command Get-*WMQ*Queue

117. Get-WMQQueue

118. Where {$_.Name -like “SALES.*”
-and
$_.CurrentDepth -gt
($_.MaximumDepth - 10)}

119. Select Name,
CurrentDepth,
MaximumDepth

122. PS C:> Get-WMQQueue * * | Set-WMQQueue -Description “hacked!”
ForEach-Object -process
{Set-WMQQueue $_
-MaximumDepth
($_.MaximumDepth * 2)}

123. ForEach-Object -process
{Set-WMQQueue $_
-MaximumDepth
($_.MaximumDepth * 2)}

126. Get-Member

129. Where {$_.CreationDateTime
-ge $(Get-Date -month 10 -day 15 -year 2007)
-and $_.CreationDateTime
-le $(Get-Date -month 10 -day 20 -year 2007)}

130. “Set the maximum depth for
all cluster queues that start
with a letter between 'D' and
'K'to 20.”

131. “Set the maximum depth for
all cluster queues that start
with a letter between 'D' and
'K'to 20.”
Get-WMQQueue * * | Where
{$_.Name -like "[D-K]*" -and
$_.ClusterName -ne ''}
| Set-WMQQueue -MaximumDepth 20

132. “Set the maximum depth for
all cluster queues that start
with a letter between 'D' and
'K'to 20.”
Get-WMQQueue * * | Where
{$_.Name -like "[D-K]*" -and
$_.ClusterName -ne ''}
| Set-WMQQueue -MAXDEPTH 20

133. “Get a list of non-system
sender channels, showing the
name, connection name,
transmission queue, SSL
Cipher Spec, and the name of
the queue manager it is on.”

134. “Get a list of non-system
sender channels, showing the
name, connection name,
transmission queue, SSL
Cipher Spec, and the name of
the queue manager it is on.”
Get-WMQChannel * * | Where {$_.ChannelType -eq [IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQCHT_SENDER -and $_.Name -match
"^(?!SYSTEM).*"} | Select Name, Conn*Name, Trans*Name, SSLCiph*, @{e={$_.QueueManager.Name};n='Host'}
Name ConnectionName TransmissionQueueName SSLCipherSpec Host
---- -------------- --------------------- ------------- ----
SECURE dlane.hursley.ibm.com(9090) TRANS1 NULL_MD5 post
SECURE.R dlane.hursley.ibm.com(9091) TRANSR TRIPLE_DES_SHA_US test

135. Export-CSV
ConvertTo-HTML

136. How?

138. What can I do with PowerShell?
Ad-hoc scripts
Production scripts

139. What can I do with PowerShell?
Ad-hoc scripts
arguments don't need to be named
arguments don't need to be typed
scripts don't need to be signed
Production scripts
etc.

140. What can I do with PowerShell?
Ad-hoc scripts
arguments can be typed
rich error handling
protection against uninitialised variables
multiple output streams
scripts digitally signed
etc.
Production scripts

141. What can I do with PowerShell?
● try stuff out in an interactive shell
● tie a few things together in utilities
● build commands up into a script
● generalize (parameterize, etc.)
● clean up and productize
● share!

142. function Get-WMQQueue ($qmgr)
{
# display details of any WMQ errors encountered in this function
Trap [IBM.WMQ.MQException]
{
Write-Error ("WMQ Exception: CC=" + $_.Exception.CompletionCode +
" RC=" + $_.Exception.ReasonCode)
continue
}
# if we have a connection to a queue manager...
if ($qmgr -ne $null)
{
$qNames = Get-WMQQueueNames($qmgr)
foreach ($queuename in $qNames)
{
$nextQueue = $qmgr.AccessQueue($queuename.Trim(),
[IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQOO_INQUIRE)
Write-Output $nextQueue
}
}
else
{
Write-Host "No queue manager connection"
}
Ad-hoc
}

143. function Get-WMQQueue ($qmgr)
{
# display details of any WMQ errors encountered in this function
Trap [IBM.WMQ.MQException]
{
Write-Error ("WMQ Exception: CC=" + $_.Exception.CompletionCode +
" RC=" + $_.Exception.ReasonCode)
continue
}
# if we have a connection to a queue manager...
if ($qmgr -ne $null)
{
$qNames = Get-WMQQueueNames($qmgr)
foreach ($queuename in $qNames)
{
$nextQueue = $qmgr.AccessQueue($queuename.Trim(),
[IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQOO_INQUIRE)
Write-Output $nextQueue
}
}
else
{
Write-Host "No queue manager connection"
}
Ad-hoc
}

144. function Get-WMQQueue ($qmgr)
{
# display details of any WMQ errors encountered in this function
Trap [IBM.WMQ.MQException]
{
Write-Error ("WMQ Exception: CC=" + $_.Exception.CompletionCode +
" RC=" + $_.Exception.ReasonCode)
continue
}
# if we have a connection to a queue manager...
if ($qmgr -ne $null)
{
$qNames = Get-WMQQueueNames($qmgr)
foreach ($queuename in $qNames)
{
$nextQueue = $qmgr.AccessQueue($queuename.Trim(),
[IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQOO_INQUIRE)
Write-Output $nextQueue
}
}
else
{
Write-Host "No queue manager connection"
}
Ad-hoc
}

145. function Get-WMQQueue ($qmgr)
{
# display details of any WMQ errors encountered in this function
Trap [IBM.WMQ.MQException]
{
Write-Error ("WMQ Exception: CC=" + $_.Exception.CompletionCode +
" RC=" + $_.Exception.ReasonCode)
continue
}
# if we have a connection to a queue manager...
if ($qmgr -ne $null)
{
$qNames = Get-WMQQueueNames($qmgr)
foreach ($queuename in $qNames)
{
$nextQueue = $qmgr.AccessQueue($queuename.Trim(),
[IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQOO_INQUIRE)
Write-Output $nextQueue
}
}
else
{
Write-Host "No queue manager connection"
}
Ad-hoc
}

146. function Get-WMQQueueManager($name, $hostname, $port, $svrconn)
{
# display details of any WMQ errors encountered in this function
Trap [IBM.WMQ.MQException]
{
Write-Error ("WMQ Exception: CC=" + $_.Exception.CompletionCode +
" RC=" + $_.Exception.ReasonCode)
continue
}
# hashtable to describe the connection to the queue manager
$connProperties = New-Object System.Collections.Hashtable
if (($hostname -eq $null) -and ($port -eq $null) -and ($svrconn -eq $null))
{
# user has not provided any information for a client connection
# so we default to a local bindings connection type
$connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::TRANSPORT_PROPERTY,
[string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::TRANSPORT_MQSERIES_BINDINGS)
}
Ad-hoc

147. else
{
# user has provided some information for a client connection
#
# a future version of this should provide support for other
# connection types (e.g. managed or XA client) but for
# my initial purposes, bindings and client connections are
# sufficient
$connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::TRANSPORT_PROPERTY,
[string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::TRANSPORT_MQSERIES_CLIENT)
if ($hostname -ne $null)
{
$connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::HOST_NAME_PROPERTY,
$hostname)
}
Ad-hoc

148. if ($svrconn -ne $null)
{
$connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::CHANNEL_PROPERTY,
$svrconn)
}
else
{
# use a sensible default
# this wont be to everyone's tastes, but will often be
# right for me, and will save me a lot of typing!
$connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::CHANNEL_PROPERTY,
"SYSTEM.DEF.SVRCONN")
}
Ad-hoc

149. if ($port -ne $null)
{
$connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::PORT_PROPERTY,
$port)
}
else
{
# use a sensible default
# this wont be to everyone's tastes, but will often be
# right for me, and will save me a lot of typing!
$connProperties.Add([string][IBM.WMQ.MQC]::PORT_PROPERTY,
"1414")
}
}
return New-Object IBM.WMQ.MQQueueManager($name, $connProperties)
}
Ad-hoc

150. function Get-WMQQueueNames($qmgr)
{
# display details of any WMQ errors encountered in this function
Trap [IBM.WMQ.MQException]
{
Write-Error ("WMQ Exception: CC=" + $_.Exception.CompletionCode +
" RC=" + $_.Exception.ReasonCode)
continue
}
# if we have a connection to a queue manager...
if ($qmgr -ne $null)
{
# using PCF to access a list of queue names
#
# this is sort of cheating - this is an undocumented, unsupported
# API, and I wrote this using tab-complete to identify what
# seems like sensible method names
#
# please do *not* take this as any sort of IBM recommendation
# or endorsement to use PCF in C#
#
[IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFMessageAgent]$agent =
New-Object IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFMessageAgent
$agent.Connect($qmgr)
Ad-hoc

151. [IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFMessage]$request =
New-Object IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFMessage([IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQCMD_INQUIRE_Q_NAMES)
$request.AddParameter([IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQCA_Q_NAME,
"*")
$request.AddParameter([IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQIA_Q_TYPE,
[IBM.WMQ.MQC]::MQQT_LOCAL)
[IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFMessage[]]$responses = $agent.Send($request, $TRUE)
[IBM.WMQ.PCF.PCFParameter[]]$pcfParms = $responses[0].GetParameters()
$queueNames = $pcfParms[0].GetValue()
# we don't want to display temporary queues
# (such as that which will have been created by the PCF command!)
# so we filter the response array before returning it
return $queueNames | Where-Object -FilterScript {$_ -notlike "AMQ.*"}
}
else
{
Write-Host "No queue manager"
}
}
Ad-hoc

152. PS C:> Get-WMQQueue (Get-WMQQueueManager test) | Select Name, CurrentDepth
Name CurrentDepth
---- ------------
DALE 0
SALES.1 1
SALES.2 15
SALES.3 9
SALES.4 1
SALES.5 4
SALES.6 2
SYSTEM.ADMIN.ACCOUNTING.QUEUE 0
SYSTEM.ADMIN.ACTIVITY.QUEUE 0
SYSTEM.ADMIN.CHANNEL.EVENT 0
SYSTEM.ADMIN.COMMAND.QUEUE 0
SYSTEM.ADMIN.LOGGER.EVENT 0
SYSTEM.ADMIN.PERFM.EVENT 0
SYSTEM.ADMIN.QMGR.EVENT 1
SYSTEM.ADMIN.STATISTICS.QUEUE 0
SYSTEM.ADMIN.TRACE.ROUTE.QUEUE 0
SYSTEM.AUTH.DATA.QUEUE 61
SYSTEM.CHANNEL.INITQ 0
SYSTEM.CHANNEL.SYNCQ 0
SYSTEM.CICS.INITIATION.QUEUE 0
SYSTEM.CLUSTER.COMMAND.QUEUE 0
Ad-hoc

153. http://channel9.msdn.com/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=256835
Production

154. “How to Create a Windows PowerShell Cmdlet”
walkthrough
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714598.aspx
Production

155. “How to Create a Windows PowerShell Cmdlet”
walkthrough
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714598.aspx
“PowerShell Cmdlet guidelines”
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms714657.aspx
Production

156. #region GetProcCommand
/// <summary>
/// This class implements a Get-Proc cmdlet that has no parameters.
/// </summary>
[Cmdlet(VerbsCommon.Get, "Proc")]
public class GetProcCommand : Cmdlet
{
#region Cmdlet Overrides
/// <summary>
/// For each of the requested process names, retrieve and write
/// the associated processes.
/// </summary>
protected override void ProcessRecord()
{
// Get the current processes
Process[] processes = Process.GetProcesses();
// Write the processes to the pipeline making them available to the
// next cmdlet. The second parameter tells PowerShell to enumerate the
// array, and send one process at a time to the pipeline
WriteObject(processes, true);
}
#endregion Overrides
}
Production
#endregion GetProcCommand

157. Production

158. Production

159. PS C:> Add-PSSnapin WebSphereMQ
Production

160. What can I do with PowerShell?
● try stuff out in an interactive shell
● tie a few things together in utilities
● build commands up into a script
● generalize (parameterize, etc.)
● clean up and productize
● share!

163. Extending PowerShell
Extending function
--> scripts and Cmdlets
Extending data stores
--> providers

165. Recap
What is Windows PowerShell?
How does PowerShell work?
How can I hack PowerShell so that

166. Dale Lane
dale.lane@uk.ibm.com
IBM Hursley Park
An introduction to...
Windows
PowerShell