5. “Cloud computing is simply a buzzword used to repackage grid
computing and utility computing, both of which have existed for
decades.”
whatis.com
definition of Cloud Computing
6. “The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we’ve
redefined cloud computing to include everything that we
already do. […] The computer industry is the only industry that
is more fashion-driven than women’s fashion. Maybe I’m an idiot,
but I have no idea what anyone is talking about. What is it? It’s
complete gibberish. It’s insane. When is this idiocy going to stop?
Larry Ellison
during Oracle’s Analyst Day
7. “The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we’ve
redefined cloud computing to include everything that we
already do. […] The computer industry is the only industry that
is more fashion-driven than women’s fashion. Maybe I’m an idiot,
but I have no idea what anyone is talking about. What is it? It’s
complete gibberish. It’s insane. When is this idiocy going to stop?
Larry Ellison
during Oracle’s Analyst Day
9. Infrastructure Services Payments & Billing Web Search & Information
Elastic Compute Cloud Flexible Payments Service Web Search
Simple Storage Service DevPay Web Information Service
Simple Queue Service Top Sites
SimpleDB Fulfillment & Associates Site Thumbnail
Fulfillment Web Service
Associates Web Service On-Demand Workforce
Mechanical Turk
10. Infrastructure Services Payments & Billing Web Search & Information
Elastic Compute Cloud Flexible Payments Service Web Search
Simple Storage Service DevPay Web Information Service
Simple Queue Service Top Sites
SimpleDB Fulfillment & Associates Site Thumbnail
Fulfillment Web Service
Associates Web Service On-Demand Workforce
Mechanical Turk
11. Infrastructure Services Payments & Billing Web Search & Information
Elastic Compute Cloud Flexible Payments Service Web Search
Simple Storage Service DevPay Web Information Service
Simple Queue Service Top Sites
SimpleDB Fulfillment & Associates Site Thumbnail
Fulfillment Web Service
Associates Web Service On-Demand Workforce
Mechanical Turk
12. Amazon Mechanical Turk
• Marketplace for work that requires human intelligence
■ Enables programmatic distribution of tasks that require
human intelligence
• Human Intelligence Tasks (HITs)
■ Desired output
■ Format of output
■ Pay rate
• Only pay for quality work
■ Review results and pay for accepted work
13.
14. Ten Thousand Cents
• Drawing collected from November 2007 to March 2008
• Total labour paid: US$100
■ 1¢ per part × 10 000 parts
• Prints available for purchase
■ $100 each
15. Video Conversion Plan
• Upload source content to Simple Storage Service (S3)
• Instantiate virtual machines on Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
to perform conversions
■ Be able to instantiate more conversion machines as needed
to scale to demand
■ Use Simple Queue Service (SQS) to queue requests
• Log status and results in SimpleDB (SDB)
■ Was not able to gain access during beta period
• Deliver conversion results from S3
16. Accessing Infrastructure Services
• Web service APIs
■ SOAP and REST
• Many applications/plugins support S3
■ Transmit on Mac OS X
■ S3Fox for Firefox
• AWS Developer Community provides lots of documentation
and sample code
■ JavaScript, PHP, Python
• Many public machine images for EC2 are available
■ Use them as a starting point for custom machines
• In actuality, you rarely have to start from scratch
17. Pricing
• Pay only for what you use
■ Data transfer
■ Data storage
■ Instance time
■ Transactions
18.
19.
20.
21. Pricing
Simple Storage Service (United States)
Storage 15¢ per GB-month
Data Transfer In 10¢ per GB
Data Transfer Out 10¢–17¢ per GB
PUT, POST, or LIST 1.0¢ per 1000 requests
GET 1.0¢ per 10000 requests
22. Pricing
Simple Storage Service (Europe)
Storage 18¢ per GB-month
Data Transfer In 10¢ per GB
Data Transfer Out 10¢–17¢ per GB
PUT, POST, or LIST 1.2¢ per 1000 requests
GET 1.2¢ per 10000 requests
23. Pricing
Simple Queue Service
Storage none
Data Transfer In 10¢ per GB
Data Transfer Out 10¢–17¢ per GB
Requests 1.0¢ per 10000 requests
24. Pricing
Simple Queue Service (Old API, prior to 2008)
Storage none
Data Transfer In 10¢ per GB
Data Transfer Out 10¢–17¢ per GB
Requests 1.0¢ per 10000 requests
Messages 10¢ per 1000 messages
25. Pricing
Simple Queue Service (Old API, prior to 2008)
Impact of the Price Change
We examined the effect that the new pricing would have
had on Amazon SQS charges billed at the end of
December 2007. Under the new plan, 76% of customers
with bills greater than $1 would have received lower bills,
saving an average of 71% each compared to their actual bill.
source: http://aws.amazon.com/sqs/
27. Pricing
Freebies
• Data transfer between EC2 instances are free
■ Instances must be in the same availability zone
■ Instances must address each other by private IP addresses
• Data transfer between EC2 instances and S3 are free
• Data transfer between EC2 instances and SQS are free
28. Pricing
Elastic IP Addresses (EC2)
• IPv4 Addresses are scarce
• Instances are dynamically assigned a public IP address
and a private IP address
• IPv4 addresses can be statically allocated and used for instances
■ No cost while in use
■ 1¢ per non-attached Elastic IP address per hour
31. Simple Storage Service (S3)
• Storage is organized in buckets
■ Like a namespace for the objects it contains
■ Accessible via http://bucketname.s3.amazonaws.com
• It’s not file storage, it’s a key-value store
■ Like a big hash table or dictionary
■ Key-value pairs
■ Movies/My Movie.mp4 ➜ ftypmp42isom5eiomdat9af…
■ UserHomePage ➜ http://www.ucalgary.ca/~kchuang/
• Implicit BitTorrent seeding for all keys
32. Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
• Machine images are templates
■ Run multiple instances from the same image
■ Appliance model
• Data can be passed to instances at startup
■ Provide input to an instance
■ Negates the need to communicate to an instance
• Storage is independent of the machine
■ By default, instance storage is transient
■ Elastic Block Storage can be attached/detached as needed
■ Lifecycle is independent of instances
33. Beyond Raw Utilities
• Additional facilities around traditional infrastructure elements
increases their usability
■ Fits well with on-demand, only what you need usage model
■ Enables uses that were previously not possible
35. Reality Bites
Simple Storage Service
• S3 objects have a maximum size of 5 GB
■ Split objects like machine images
• Changing one byte means reinserting the entire object
• Renaming (re-keying) an object also means reinserting
■ New beta API allows for object moves within a bucket
• Various bugs in third-party apps and S3 itself
■ Inserting objects between 2 to 4 GB can be difficult
• Bandwidth can be a significant barrier
■ Project goal of inserting 1 TB would have taken 168 days
36. Reality Bites
Elastic Compute Cloud
• Making a change means recreating an entire image
• Default storage is transient
■ Lasts only as long as the instance it is attached to
■ Elastic Block Storage can only be attached to a single
instance at a time
• Instances are billed by the hour
■ Constantly starting and stopping short-run instances
can be costly
38. Cumulus
• Completely implemented in JavaScript *
■ Calls Amazon services directly via REST APIs
• Contacts S3 to retrieve stored videos
• Converts video on demand
■ Writes jobs to an SQS queue
■ Invokes EC2 instances, which reads from job queue and
performs conversion
* time constraints necessitated the use of some existing PHP sample code
56. More Information
King Chung Huang
Technical Solutions Analyst, University of Calgary
kchuang@ucalgary.ca
Patrick Mann
Chief Technology Officer, Cybera
patrick.mann@cybera.ca
Cloud Computing White Paper
coming soon
http://www.cybera.ca
